Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"The potential of alkali or alkaline earth metal-modified net W system as a promising high-performance hydrogen storage material","authors":"Yilin Gong ,&nbsp;Xihao Chen ,&nbsp;Faming Peng ,&nbsp;Yuehong Liao ,&nbsp;Meijuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy is renowned as “the most promising clean energy in the 21st century”, thereby making it of paramount significance to vigorously explore high-performance hydrogen storage materials. In this work, we conduct a series of investigations on the hydrogen storage performance of net W and find that net W shows strong affinity for the adsorbed alkali/alkaline earth metal. Among them, the hydrogen storage weight density of the net W system adsorbed by Li, K and Ca can reach 10.0 wt%, 12.2 wt% and 12.1 wt%, respectively, all of which reach the standard of reversible hydrogen storage (5.5 wt%). The results of relative energy reveal that the Li-modified system can achieve stable hydrogen storage at low pressure (1.96 MPa) and appropriate temperature (251 K), exhibiting better practical application potential. Moreover, the results of <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics at the average desorption temperature indicate that the metal-decorated systems possess excellent thermal stability. These findings offer a feasible idea for the development of outstanding reversible hydrogen storage materials, specifically the design of graphene allotropes with vacancy defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117812"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of SOC based cost effective power management in hybrid electric train using physics informed neural network control","authors":"P.R. Sivaraman","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing need for energy-efficient and sustainable transportation has led to the development of hybrid electric trains powered by both battery systems and external DC catenary lines. This study proposes a State of Charge (SOC)-based power management strategy that intelligently coordinates energy flow between the battery and the grid, optimizing operational efficiency and minimizing energy costs. The strategy employs a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN)-based control system to determine the most economical and reliable power source in real-time, based on the battery's SOC and the availability of the catenary supply. The proposed scheme is evaluated under three operational scenarios: (i) full operation using catenary, (ii) battery-only mode, and (iii) hybrid operation using both sources. A realistic drive cycle simulating urban and rural transitions, variable speeds, and non-electrified zones is used for performance assessment. Simulation results reveal that the hybrid mode with PINN control significantly reduces energy consumption and operational costs compared to conventional methods. Specifically, the hybrid PINN-based system achieves the lowest power consumption (748.4 kW), energy usage (1317.1 kWh), and cost (₹9219.7), outperforming both ANN and Fuzzy logic controllers. The proposed SOC-based approach enhances energy autonomy, ensures efficient use of available power sources, and extends battery life by avoiding excessive discharge. Additionally, it adapts effectively to route conditions such as gradients, curvature, and speed transitions. This work demonstrates that intelligent energy management using SOC and PINN not only improves the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of hybrid electric trains but also supports sustainable railway operations for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-based intelligent identification method for regions and defects of lithium-ion batteries using a random forest model","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Lai ,&nbsp;Xuebing Han ,&nbsp;Tianxing Chen ,&nbsp;Languang Lu ,&nbsp;Minggao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yuejiu Zheng ,&nbsp;Mengchao Yi ,&nbsp;Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Huigen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural integrity and internal consistency of lithium-ion batteries are pivotal for their durability and safety. Conventional detection and evaluation methods often rely on expensive instrumentation and manual expertise, which hinder scalability and efficiency. This study presents an intelligent ultrasound-based approach for the automated identification of battery regions and defects, facilitating precise assessment of internal consistency and common defect types. Initially, sample cells—comprising normal cells and those with three typical defects—are prepared, and their ultrasound signals are analyzed. Multidimensional ultrasound features are then extracted, and a random forest-based model is developed for the automated classification of battery regions and defects. Experimental validation demonstrates that: (1) the proposed method can automatically classify eight battery regions, such as the infiltration area, bubble area, and tape area, with an overall accuracy exceeding 97.2 %; (2) the method accurately identifies three typical defects—aluminum foil insertion, electrode folding, and negative electrode scraping—with recognition rates of 90.7 %, 94.7 %, and 96 %, respectively, while providing three-dimensional defect localization. This study introduces a novel monitoring approach for battery production and application, thereby enhancing battery safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117746"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing enhanced thermal conductivity PEG/BN composite phase change material confined by melamine foam framework","authors":"Haowei Huang ,&nbsp;Daocong Lin ,&nbsp;Peiyu Liang ,&nbsp;Jieming Xu ,&nbsp;Longwen Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Jianqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yanwu Chen ,&nbsp;Xinya Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In industrial thermal management, ineffective waste heat recovery remains a critical challenge due to low thermal conductivity of conventional phase change materials. Composite phase change materials (CPCMs) offer promising latent heat storage through reversible phase transitions; however, their practical implementation is hindered by insufficient thermal conductivity (≤0.2 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹), resulting in suboptimal energy storage kinetics and compromised cyclic stability. This study developed a melamine foam-confined polyethylene glycol/boron nitride (PEG/BN) composite through vacuum-assisted impregnation, establishing a 3D interconnected thermal network that achieved exceptional thermal enhancement. The optimized composite exhibited a remarkable thermal conductivity of 0.933 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, representing a 352.08 % improvement over conventional PEG@MF systems. Numerical simulations employing enthalpy-porosity methodology quantitatively characterized the accelerated melting dynamics, revealing a 41.7 % reduction in phase transition duration. With 92.4 % latent heat retention after 200 thermal cycles and near-zero PEG leakage (&lt;2.3 %), this scalable fabrication strategy enabled precise thermal management in industrial waste heat recovery systems, showing 27.9 % efficiency gains in pilot-scale testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117870"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles investigation of interfacial interactions of BP/Ti3C2S2 heterostructure regulating the anchoring performance in lithium‑sulfur batteries","authors":"Xixi Jia,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Lina Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shuttle effect caused by lithium polysulfide has been an obstacle to the development of lithium‑sulfur batteries. Designing heterostructure is an effective strategy to overcome this problem through synergistic effects between materials. Here, BP/Ti₃C₂S₂ heterostructure is constructed to serve as anchoring materials. Based on first principles calculations, the adsorption and catalysis properties are investigated for evaluating the anchoring performance of this heterostructure. Adsorption simulation results shows that BP/Ti₃C₂S₂ heterostructure can trap polysulfide effectively since adsorption energies range from −0.93 eV to −4.60 eV in vacuum and solvent environment. Heterostructure maintain good conductivity after binding polysulfide. Meanwhile, low Gibbs free energy barriers, lower diffusion barrier of Li-ion (0.30/0.20 eV for BP/Ti₃C₂S₂ side) and decomposition energy barriers of Li₂S (0.64/0.37 eV for BP/Ti₃C₂S₂ side) exhibit that heterostructure can reduce polysulfide build-up and improve shutting of soluble polysulfide. These results demonstrate that the synergistic mechanism of catalysis and adsorption of heterostructure can be regulated by the interfacial interactions between monolayers, which provides a new guide for material exploration in lithium sulfur batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117859"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement mechanism of thermophysical properties of chloride salts by Al2O3/MgO nanoparticles with varying dispersion degrees and hybrid systems","authors":"S. Hao ,&nbsp;H. Ye ,&nbsp;S.Q. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.B. Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite molten salts are widely used in concentrated solar power systems due to their excellent thermophysical properties. The dispersity of nanoparticles in molten salt has significant effect on heat transfer performance. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the thermophysical properties of NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂ molten salts mixed with 10.0 wt% Al₂O₃ (CPCM_A), MgO (CPCM_M) or both Al₂O₃ and MgO (CPCM_AM) nanoparticles with varying dispersion degree. Results show the thermophysical properties of both CPCM_A and CPCM_M strengthen with increasing dispersion degree. The average thermal conductivity is improved by 7.2 % and 14.5 % respectively, while the specific heat is increased by 7.9 % and 7.6 % for CPCM_A and CPCM_M, respectively. However, as dispersion degree increases, the relative improvement degree in thermal conductivity and specific heat are different for CPCM_A and CPCM_M due to nanoparticle dispersion stability and variations in interfacial layer properties. In addition, comparing the thermophysical properties of CPCM_AM with CPCM_A and CPCM_M reveals that CPCM_AM nanoparticles are electrostatically attracted due to the opposite polarity of the surface charge, which drives the system from potential energy-dominated heat storage to kinetic energy-dominated dissipation mode, leading to a decrease in specific heat capacity. After that, the micro-interaction mechanism of nanoparticles and PCM, and its effect on thermophysical properties of CPCM are revealed by analyzing microscopic parameters such as diffusion coefficients, longitudinal number density, surrounding number density, surrounding charge density ratio, and potential energy. The present work provides critical theoretical support for understanding composite molten salt performance in high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117866"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving high capacitive energy storage, high-temperature stability and fatigue endurance synchronously at moderate fields in BNT-based ceramics","authors":"Lingling Wu ,&nbsp;Bin He ,&nbsp;Yonggang Shuai ,&nbsp;Wuwei Feng ,&nbsp;Weiping Gong ,&nbsp;He Qi ,&nbsp;Yuqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the urgent need for efficient and reliable energy storage solutions, this study investigates the synergistic integration of high-entropy and superparaelectric engineering in Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (BNT-KNN) ceramics, thereby achieving superior comprehensive energy storage performance in moderate electric fields. With the incorporation of Sr(Sc_0.5Ta_0.5)O₃ (SST), the BNT-0.2KNN-0.2SST demonstrates a high recoverable energy density (<em>W</em>_rec &gt; 7 J/cm³) and efficiency (<em>η</em> &gt; 95 %) at 420 kV/cm and the BNT-0.3KNN-0.15SST achieves <em>W</em>_rec ~ 8 J/ cm³ and <em>η</em> &gt; 91 % at 500 kV/cm. The optimized ceramics achieve excellent comprehensive energy storage performance, exceptional high-temperature stability (20–240 °C) and fatigue resistance (≥10⁶ cycles) under moderate electric fields (300–500 kV/cm) synchronously. The synergistic combination of high-entropy design and superparaelectric state regulation can effectively suppress the drastic fluctuations of the permittivity and the thermally induced phase transitions, thereby maintaining excellent performance across a broader temperature range and significantly enhancing the cyclic life of BNT-based ceramics through the reduction of defect generation and aggregation. The synergistic combination of these properties suggests promising applicability in next-generation capacitor devices, especially for energy storage applications requiring reliable performance in extreme operational environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117758"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of reference standards for metrological evaluation of battery electrode misalignment using X-ray computed tomography","authors":"Xuhui Yao ,&nbsp;David Gorman ,&nbsp;Giannis Chatzopoulos ,&nbsp;Pierre Kubiak ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is an effective technique for the non-destructive evaluation of structural defects, which can be used for quality assurance in battery cell manufacturing and inspection. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand to use XCT for dimensional evaluation. However, the development of XCT for dimensional metrology is still in the early stages. Gaining confidence in XCT measurement results requires calibration activities tailored to the specific application. One feasible approach to calibrating XCT and determining the uncertainty of its measurements in the battery field is to develop a reference standard that emulates the geometry of battery cells. In this study, we designed and manufactured a reference object that replicates the geometric features of a battery assembly. The primary measurand is the perpendicular distance between the edges of the cathode and anode, referred to as the overhang distance. The reference object was created using computer numerical control laser cutting technology to machine commercial graphite anode and lithium ferrophosphate cathode electrode sheets. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to establish reference values for the distances. Fiducial markers, which can be accessible using both optical and XCT techniques, were considered in the design that allow for the precise location of the measurement area of interest. By comparing XCT results against these reference values, quantitative evaluation of cell structures using XCT can be achieved. This reference object and calibration methodology could facilitate a quantitative assessment of the internal structures of battery cells using XCT and shorten the inspection time required for quality assurance tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117835"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid fabrication and augmented calcination approach for synergistically enhanced surface area and hydrogen storage performance of g-C3N4 nanotubes","authors":"Barton Arkhurst ,&nbsp;Ruiran Guo ,&nbsp;Xinyue Fan ,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Bahmanrokh ,&nbsp;Louis Oppong-Antwi ,&nbsp;Denny Gunawan ,&nbsp;Andrews Nsiah Ashong ,&nbsp;Sammy Lap Ip Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal chemical composition for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanotubes often requires a higher ratio of cyanuric acid (CA) to melamine (M). This ratio helps in achieving the desired stoichiometry and ensures that the nitrogen content is maximized, which is critical for the electronic and catalytic properties of carbon nitride. This higher ratio of CA could also influence the porosity and surface area of the resulting nanotubes which is important for applications where surface properties are crucial such as catalysis and energy storage. Most often than not, higher surface area nanotubes are mostly achieved using templating techniques which provide a higher degree of control over the shape and size of the nanotubes, allowing for the creation of nanotubes with thin walls and large internal volumes. In this study, we used a combination of a template-free hybrid synthesis technique which involved a two-fold mixing of precursor materials (cyanuric acid and melamine) and a targeted oxidative etching technique involving a two-fold calcination to achieve a high surface area g-C₃N₄ nanotubes for enhanced hydrogen storage. The validity of this approach was tested on two sets of nanotubes: one with a high molar ratio of M to CA, and the other a high molar ratio of CA to M. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis revealed g-C₃N₄ nanotubes with higher mole ratios of CA:M exhibited superior specific surface area, ∼206 m²/g and a hydrogen storage capacity of 0.67 wt% under 3.7 MPa of hydrogen charging pressure from pressure composition isotherm (PCI) analysis, in contrast to high molar ratios of M:CA nanotubes with specific surface area and storage capacity of ∼55 m²/g and 0.58 wt%, respectively. The addition of targeted oxidative etching involving two-fold calcination to the hybrid synthesis technique resulted in increases in the specific surface area and the hydrogen storage capacities for the two sets of g-C₃N₄ nanotubes. g-C₃N₄ nanotubes with a high molar ratio of CA:M recorded a notable specific surface area of 386 m²/g and a hydrogen storage capacity of 0.77 wt% which is attributed to increased crystallinity, thinning of nanotube walls and smaller nanotube diameters with the mechanism governed by a combination of oxidative cleavage of C<img>N bonds, recrystallization, and oxidative etching effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117805"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising hydrogen storage on superalkali NLi4 decorated hexagonal two-dimensional C2N monolayer","authors":"Zhaoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongshan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.117814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strengthening the weak hydrogen physisorption on nano porous materials through functionalization with metal elements is an advisable pathway to address the limited hydrogen storage performance of these materials. Here, the geometric configuration, electronic structure, and hydrogen storage performance of superalkali NLi₄ decorated hexagonal two-dimensional C₂N (C₂N-<em>h</em>2D) are investigated by a series of first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the NLi₄ clusters can be strongly anchored on the nitrogenated vacancies, and the decorated configuration exhibits thermodynamic stability at room temperature, which forms the highly dispersed distribution of NLi₄ clusters on the surface of C₂N-<em>h</em>2D. The analysis of electronic properties shows that the NLi₄ cluster transfers electrons to substrates and exists in a cationic state. H₂ molecules are adsorbed on the NLi₄@C₂N-<em>h</em>2D through the electric field polarization originating from Li⁺ cations. The C₂N-<em>h</em>2D monolayer decorated on both sides can hold 18 H₂ molecules and achieve a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 10.43 wt%, with a moderate adsorption energy of −0.20 eV/H₂. The investigations of the <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation and the effect of temperature and pressure on the adsorption systems show that NLi₄@C₂N-<em>h</em>2D can adsorb and desorb H₂ molecules under mild conditions. These present findings suggest that NLi₄ decorated C₂N-<em>h</em>2D can be a promising hydrogen storage material with high reversible storage capacities, and stimulate studies on porous materials toward the improvement of application in the field of hydrogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 117814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}