Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"Multi-feature weighted battery pack consistency evaluation based on massive real-world data","authors":"Zhengpeng Gao ,&nbsp;Penghui Chang ,&nbsp;Yongjun Peng ,&nbsp;Ji Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of electric vehicles and energy storage systems has led to an increasing use of battery packs, and the problem of inconsistency among battery cells has become prominent. This issue stems from differences in manufacturing processes and usage conditions, and it severely affects the performance, safety, and service life of battery packs. Most existing studies are based on limited laboratory data and are unable to comprehensively analyze battery consistency, often neglecting the correlation of characteristics. This study proposes a consistency evaluation scheme based on information fusion, which comprehensively and accurately evaluates the consistency of battery packs in actual operation by integrating multiple factors, providing an effective guide for management optimization. Firstly, multi-dimensional consistency characteristics such as voltage, internal resistance, capacity, and temperature are comprehensively extracted, and a consistency score weighted by multiple characteristics is obtained through principal component analysis. Then, the score samples are optimized based on the Box-Cox transformation, and the consistency level is divided according to the normal distribution law. Finally, a mask-conformer deep learning model is constructed based on the characteristics of battery data to predict the consistency state. Experiments show that the proposed evaluation method can accurately distinguish the consistency state of batteries, and the mask-conformer model has excellent performance. It can directly predict from charging data without complex feature calculations, reducing the dependence on a large amount of operating data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 115919"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the transient response of an annular thermoelectric cooler: PCM and nanofluid synergy","authors":"Miguel Angel Olivares-Robles ,&nbsp;Olao Yair Enciso-Montes de Oca ,&nbsp;Alexander Vargas-Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focuses on analyzing the coefficient of performance (COP) and the lowest minimum temperature achievable by an annular thermoelectric cooler (ATEC) when combined with a nanofluid and a phase change material (PCM). This study aimed to find the right concentration of alumina nanoparticles (<span><math><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>) to achieve the best convective coefficient. It also compared the performance of an ATEC operating with a combination of PCM and nanofluid to determine the ideal operating current and lowest cold side temperature. The results showed that using OM32PCM with <span><math><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> nanofluid led to lower temperatures than using only the nanofluid or the PEG1500 PCM. The system reached its lowest temperature of <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>259.6</mn></math></span> K at an electric current of <span><math><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>A</mi></math></span> and convective coefficient of <span><math><mi>h</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1973</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>K. When the ATEC operates solely with nanofluid, a more significant temperature difference is observed compared to when it operates with PCM OM32and <span><math><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> nanofluid. The more considerable temperature difference is <span><math><mi>ΔT</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.6</mn></math></span> K with<span><math><mspace></mspace><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>A</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>h</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>808.9</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> K. Additionally, it takes longer to melt the PCM OM32 combined with the nanofluid. This synergistic interplay is the hallmark of our research, distinguishing it from prior investigations and offering a promising pathway toward enhanced thermoelectric cooling technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 115950"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen energy storage train scheduling with renewable generation and demand response","authors":"Pranda Prasanta Gupta ,&nbsp;Vaiju Kalkhambkar ,&nbsp;Kailash Chand Sharma ,&nbsp;Pratyasa Bhui","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale penetration of renewable and hydrogen energy sources represents promising trends toward carbon emission reductions in the power sector. The storage systems such as the hydrogen energy storage (HES) Train will be crucial in responding to extreme grid events due to their agility and flexibility. This manuscript proposes a stochastic network constrained unit commitment (NCUC) considering HES Train with solar PV generation and demand response program (DRP). The DRP is introduced as a flexible option for dealing with energy market prices, providing sustainable options, and modifying the load profile for peak load shaving. The proposed model is applied to manage an HES Train that provides hydrogen energy services with low electricity prices. Moreover, the vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model is used in the stochastic optimization strategy to handle uncertain solar PV power. The model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem along with a generalized bender decomposition technique (GBD) to obtain the global optimal solution. A sensitivity analysis is presented to analyze solar power's ability to handle the high demand of the system operation. The proposed NCUC problem is simulated using GAMS software on an IEEE 24-bus system. HES Train scheduling with DRP and uncertain solar PV reduces the overall cost by 8.71 % as compared to the thermal-HES Train system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 115905"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ electrostatic interaction enables poly(8-aminoquinoline)@GOs composites for synergistic enhancement to Zn2+ hybrid supracapacitors","authors":"Yue Sun,&nbsp;Meijing Zhang,&nbsp;Yayu Feng,&nbsp;Yunfei Liu,&nbsp;Yetian Xing,&nbsp;Mengqing Wei,&nbsp;Yani Wang,&nbsp;Kuilin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the important components of supercapacitors, carbon materials still face practical problems such as low capacity and poor cycle stability. Here, the reverse-phase emulsion polymerization of 8-aminoquinoline and <em>in-situ</em> electrostatic interactions were applied to prepare electrode materials (PAQ@GOs) for high-performance ZHCSs to synergistically improve supercapacitor performance. The single layer of PAQ nanospheres from the micellar particles with positive charges spreads out along the GO surface with negative charges to form a uniform and dense arrangement in the reversed-phase emulsion polymerization. Among several PAQ@GOs, the specific capacitance for optimized [email protected] % was measured as 403.8 F g⁻¹, at 1 mV s⁻¹ due to their strong interaction, which is about 6 times better than pure GO and pure PAQ, revealing a significant synergistic enhancement effect. Additionally, ZHSCs assembled with [email protected] % provides a specific capacity of 160.1 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, and still maintains 97.5 % of initial capacity in the 0.5–5.0 A g⁻¹ rate performance tests. More remarkably, the capacity retention rate of ZHSCs can still reach as higher as 90.3 % after 3000 cycles, and with the energy density of 54.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 256.5 W kg⁻¹. In summary, the <em>in-situ</em> electrostatic recombination and its synergistic enhancement effect between unconventional conductive polymers and carbon materials opens a new direction for high-performance ZHSCs with long cycle life and high energy output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115867"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of gold nanoparticles decorated SSM@NiCo2O4 as a binder-free electrode for solid-state symmetric supercapacitor application","authors":"Sandip Pise ,&nbsp;Tabbu Shaikh ,&nbsp;Omkar Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Rakhee Bhosale ,&nbsp;Dattatray Narale ,&nbsp;Madagonda Vadiyar ,&nbsp;Kyung-Wan Nam ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kolekar","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercapacitor phenomenon deals with the electrode surface and electrolyte, hence we have modified the surface of NiCo₂O₄ by depositing it on low-cost stainless steel mesh (SSM@NiCo₂O₄) to enhance the electrochemical properties. The thermal decomposition of gold (HAuCl₄) to the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at temperature above 300 °C was well matched with the annealing temperature of SSM@NiCo₂O₄ become the center of attraction. Hence, we have decorated AuNPs on a binder-free SSM@NiCo₂O₄ (SSM@NiCo₂O₄-AuNPs) with the aid of the dip coating method followed by heat treatment. The specific capacitance of SSM@NiCo₂O₄-AuNPs was 1008.9 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻² and is 1.6 times greater compared to SSM@NiCo₂O₄ (615.3 F g⁻¹). Specific capacitance retention after the decoration of AuNPs for 5000 GCD cycles is improved to 82.35 % (30 mA cm⁻²) compared to SSM@NiCo₂O₄ of 72.22 % (18 mA cm⁻²). Such an outcome is obtained due to improved frequency of electrode-electrolyte interaction and decreased internal resistance accompanied by AuNPs. To evaluate the practical applicability, the solid-state symmetric device, SSM@NiCo₂O₄-AuNPs//SSM@NiCo₂O₄-AuNPs is fabricated which exhibits exceptional specific capacitance of 117.74 F g⁻¹ (2 mA cm⁻²), remarkable specific capacitance retention of 84.61 % (5000 cycles), high energy density of 59.03 Wh Kg⁻¹ and high power density of 5094.75 W kg⁻¹. Device glowed two red light emitting diodes (LED) for 227 s by charging 15 s only, demonstrating the enormous potential for the developing energy sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of initial gas-jet fire evolution under thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Guanqing Wang ,&nbsp;Dongwei Ma ,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Guanghua Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiangrong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The instantaneous gas-jet explosion behavior following thermal runaway in batteries poses significant hazards. In this study, a novel three-dimensional numerical model of lithium battery thermal runaway is developed by combining the internal pressure buildup of pyrolysis gases with the subsequent initial jet fire. It is predicted that the internal pressure buildup is caused by the generation of multi-component pyrolysis gases produced by the thermal runaway. The initial jet fire evolution driven by the internal pressure buildup is investigated by focusing on its instantaneous velocity, fire temperature, and concentrations of combustion components. The simulated results reveal that the pressure buildup within the battery follows a distinct power law vs time which causes rupture of the safety valve. The pyrolysis gas jetting initiated at a high temperature of 1750 K and a speed of 450 m/s is over within just 2 milliseconds (ms), while the initial fire lasts for about 6 ms. Due to high-speed jet effects, two vortex currents are initially formed on both sides above the outlet of the safety valve, shifting downstream over time. This causes downstream propagation of the initial jet fire and changes its flame morphology. These results offer crucial insights into the thermal management and safety features required for lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115897"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating pumice containing form-stable phase change materials and silica fume","authors":"Alireza Mahvash,&nbsp;Davood Mostofinejad,&nbsp;Alireza Saljoughian","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the sharp rise in global energy consumption within the construction sector in recent decades, researchers have increasingly advocated for integrating phase change materials (PCMs) in concrete to mitigate energy usage in this domain. While previous studies have explored various types of PCM and additives in concrete mixes, this research represents a pioneering investigation into the concurrent utilization of PCMs using pumice containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, paraffin, and silica fume. Paraffin as an organic PCM was selected for this research due to its low cost and wide availability. Since the primary objective was to increase the volume of the PCM while minimizing any leakage within the concrete matrix, a particular ratio of silica fume was incorporated into the pumice to prevent PCM leakage. In pursuit of concrete with optimal thermal performance, pumice aggregates containing PEG 1000 replaced 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of the sand in the target concrete. Similarly, pumice aggregates containing paraffin replacements at the same levels were also prepared and used. The evaluation entailed rigorous tests, including compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption, thermal conductivity, simulation of sunlight &amp; humidity, and thermal performance tests. The results indicated that replacing 10 % of pumice with PEG 1000 in concrete specimens resulted in a reduction of thermal conductivity by 44 % (from 1.548 to 0.866 W/mK) and average surface temperature by 24 %, compared to the reference specimens, though it reduced the compressive strength by 35 % (from 30.9 to 20.2 MPa) and increased the water absorption by 18 %. Also, substituting PEG 1000 with paraffin reduced the thermal conductivity by 56 % (from 1.548 to 0.678 W/mK) and average surface temperature by 42 % while decreasing the compressive strength by 37 % (from 30.9 to 19.4 MPa) and increasing the water absorption by 26 %. Both PEG 1000 and paraffin improved the thermal performance of concrete, resulting in reduced overall energy consumption in concrete buildings. This comprehensive study pushes the boundaries of PCM applications, offering valuable insights for optimizing concrete formulations to achieve enhanced energy-efficient building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115933"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and thermal properties of stearic acid-palmitic acid/boron nitride/nanoparticle composite phase change materials","authors":"Shuo Yan,&nbsp;Chaoqing Feng,&nbsp;Guanghao Yuan,&nbsp;Haiheng Wang,&nbsp;Hongmin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the booming development of thermal storage technology, phase change materials are being used more often in solar thermal systems. The SA-PA binary mixture is used as the phase change material, and hexagonal boron nitride with a high specific surface area is added as the support structure to investigate the ability of boron nitride particles at different ratios to mitigate the leakage problem of the phase change material. Two thermal conductivity enhancers, TiO₂ and CuO, were selected to study the effect of nanoparticles on enhancing the thermal conductivity of the materials. A composite phase change material with high latent heat, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal stability was prepared using the melt blending method. The microstructure and thermochemical properties of the material were characterized. Results showed that the melting temperature of both phase change materials (SA-PA-BN-TiO₂) CPCM7 and (SA-PA-BN-CuO) CPCM11 was 58.8 °C, and the latent heat of fusion was 162.9 J/g and 161.2 J/g, respectively. The solidification temperatures of CPCM7 and CPCM11 were 46.8 °C and 48.4 °C, respectively, while the latent heat of solidification was 162.2 J/g and 160.6 J/g. These results indicate suitable phase transition temperatures and high latent heat. The thermal conductivity of CPCM7 and CPCM11 is 0.469 and 0.331 W/(m·K), respectively, which are 1.769 and 1.249 times higher than that of SA-PA-BN. CPCM7 also exhibited better temperature response and temperature uniformity in heat release experiments. In addition, CPCM7 and CPCM11 exhibited good thermal stability below 100 °C. Furthermore, the basic thermal properties of the materials showed no significant changes before and after 100 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability for practical applications. Therefore, the composite phase change material has enormous potential for application in solar thermal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated framework for assessing the operational value of energy storage in the power system operation including real-time dispatch","authors":"Vasileios G. Lakiotis ,&nbsp;Christos K. Simoglou ,&nbsp;Anastasios G. Bakirtzis","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an integrated multi-level optimization framework to assess the operational value of energy storage in the power system operation. A rolling solution approach is formulated, which coordinates the Day-Ahead Market, the Integrated Scheduling Process and the Real-Time Market over a mid-term horizon and is accompanied by the integration of fine time resolution that allows for more accurate representation of market fluctuations and energy storage dynamics. The incorporation of progressively decreasing forecast errors in the modeling framework as well as the enhanced modeling of energy storage operation that allows for the frequent re-optimization of storage levels based on updated information allow for the realistic evaluation of the energy storage value, particularly in modern RES-dominated power systems. Simulations of the Greek power system operation for the year 2025 reveal that the addition of up to 780 MW of new closed-loop energy storage facilities increases the system value of energy storage by 17.33–26.75 k€/MW and decreases its market value by 2.37–11.43 k€/MW due to real-time uncertainties, as compared to a pure day-ahead market modeling framework. The proposed approach demonstrates the great potential of energy storage to enhance flexibility, reduce system costs, and effectively address risks arisen by the exposure to real-time market uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115823"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelastic guided wave behavior modeling and distributed experimental analysis of the inhomogeneous state of charge for silicon carbon lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Xiaolei Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Lyu ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Fan Shi ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Cunfu He","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.115896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex working conditions and state of charge (SOC) uneven distribution are both key factors inducing the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries. To address this issue, a novel distributed thermoelastic guided wave testing technique is proposed to realize the SOC distribution testing of multi-regional silicon carbon lithium-ion batteries. Since the ultrasonic testing method can acquire the changes of material properties, the features among the time domain signals and SOC under complex working conditions (different C rate and temperature) are extracted experimentally, which reveals the strong correlation between the acoustic characterization parameters and the amount of cell expansion. Moreover, the theoretical model of wave propagation in multi-layered porous silicon carbon lithium-ion battery versus temperature is built to depict the wave mechanism. It is constructed by state vector and Legendre polynomial hybrid method in the context of Biot theory and Green-Naghdi theory. By comparing the experimental and theoretical group velocities in different temperatures and SOC, the two are in good agreement. It verifies the validity of the theoretical model and experimental method. Subsequently, the proposed thermoelastic guided wave testing method is used to determine the difference of the time domain parameters in the different receiving regions and SOC evolution stages. The results indicate that the acoustic response changes significantly in different regions and stages, and the SOC uneven distribution is particularly dramatic in the low SOC stage, and the response becomes more sensitive the further away from the center position of the propagation region. The connection between the thermoelastic guided wave behavior and the SOC make it possible for non-destructive monitoring of the silicon carbon lithium-ion battery SOC. Our proposed method is beneficial for evaluating the potential performance degradation due to SOC uneven distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 115896"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}