Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"Study on thermal storage performance and heat transfer blind area of multi-tube phase change heat storage tank","authors":"Yumo Xie ,&nbsp;Juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Junmei Gao ,&nbsp;Yongcai Li ,&nbsp;Rui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change heat storage tank has application value in solar heating system and waste heat utilization. However, due to the different melting sequence of phase change units, there will be a heat transfer blind area, which greatly affects the heat storage performance of tank. In this paper, the experimental platform of multi-tube phase change heat storage tank was set up to investigate the melting sequence and characteristics of phase change material (PCM) under different working conditions. The results show that the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid increases from 55 °C to 70 °C, the flow rate increases from 0.1m³/h to 0.4m³/h, and the overall heat storage time of the water tank decreases by about 50 % and 53 %, respectively. In the standard arrangement, the PCM closer to the entrance in the X-direction melts slowly, and the PCM closer to the tank wall in the <em>Z</em>-direction melts slowly. In addition, reducing the tubes' distance of X and Z-direction will prolong the heat storage time and change the melting sequence of PCM. This study provides guidance for further heat transfer of uniform phase change water tank, and provides reference for design and application of tank.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116390"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One stone two birds: Regulating carbon microcrystalline structure and stabilize carbon framework via crosslink polymerization of coal/BC composite precursor for sodium-based energy storage devices","authors":"Huizhu Niu ,&nbsp;Haihua Wang ,&nbsp;Kewei Shu ,&nbsp;Chaoxian Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Liyu Sun ,&nbsp;Mengxi Wang ,&nbsp;Chenrong Yang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Mook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited interlayer spacing and unsatisfactory pore structure of coal-derived hard carbon present significant challenges for its application in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium-ion capacitors (SIHC). Herein, we present a transformative “one stone two birds” strategy using low-rank bituminous coal as a precursor that achieves simultaneous advancements in anode and cathode design. Firstly, introducing bacterial cellulose (BC) into long-flame coal to obtain the hard carbon anode. During the high-temperature carbonization process, the hydroxyl groups (-OH) rich in BC and the carboxyl groups (-COOH) in coal particles undergo the cross-linking polymerization through esterification reaction, successfully inducing the transformation of carbon microcrystalline structure, leading to the dominance of pseudo-graphitic phase with larger carbon interlayer spacing, which facilitates the improvement of sodium storage in plateau region. In addition, the BC had a unique three-dimensional network structure that can effectively promote ion transport and achieve high intercalation pseudo-capacitance, significantly enhancing the rate performance. The synthesized anode (CBC121200) showed a reversible capacity of 341.83 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, an activated carbon electrode with ultra-high specific surface area (2999 m² g⁻¹) for SIHC cathode was prepared by introducing NaOH. When paired with CBC121200, the entire SIHC (CBC121200//LFAC700-1) exhibited high energy density of 127 and 108 Wh kg⁻¹ at power densities of 240 and 1199 W kg⁻¹. This work successfully prepared the SIBs anode and SIHC cathode using the same raw material, providing valuable insights for the high-value utilization of coal and developing innovative coal-based carbon materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes additives on the structure and hydrogenation behavior of magnesium hydride","authors":"Roman R. Elman,&nbsp;Nikita Kurdyumov,&nbsp;Roman S. Laptev,&nbsp;Viktor N. Kudiiarov","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most preferred candidates for hydrogen storage and purification are metal hydrides and composites based on them. In this paper, one of the high-capacity composite materials for hydrogen storage based on Mg/MgH₂ and single-walled carbon nanotubes is considered. It was confirmed that the hydrogen storage efficiency of Mg/MgH₂ can be improved by doping with carbon nanotubes with Fe nanoparticles remaining in the nanotubes after their growth. Using TEM microscopy, it was shown that carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed over the surface of Mg/MgH₂ particles, and some of the nanotubes are partially embedded in the bulk of Mg/MgH₂. Iron nanoparticles are deposited from the nanotubes on the surface of magnesium particles as well. These carbon nanotubes and iron nanoparticles cause defects and serve as nucleation sites for new phases that are formed in the process of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It was found that the activation energies of Mg/MgH₂ hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation decreased by 13 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively, using experimental hydrogen sorption-desorption data and the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In addition, the Mg/MgH₂ + 5wt%SWCNT composite absorb 4.8 wt% H₂ in 6000 s, while Mg/MgH₂ can absorb 4.3 wt% H₂ in 6000 s at a temperature of 563 K and a pressure of 3 MPa. However, Mg/MgH₂ can release about 5.2 wt% H₂ within 6000 s, while Mg/MgH₂ + 5wt%SWCNT composite showed 4.8 wt% H₂ desorbed in the same time. Cycling stability testing showed that the hydrogen storage capacity of the Mg/MgH₂ + 5wt%SWCNT remained almost unchanged during 10 cycles due to the reduction in particle agglomeration by the addition of carbon nanotubes, which was confirmed by SEM images of composite. Mg/MgH₂ + 5wt%SWCNT composite was characterized by <em>in situ</em> defect structure analysis during hydrogen sorption process using positron annihilation spectroscopy method. According to the results obtained, a scheme of the hydrogen sorption by magnesium and the Mg/MgH₂ + 5wt%SWCNT composite was suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116408"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on machine learning assisted solar drying system with phase change material","authors":"Priya Choubey ,&nbsp;Harender Sinhmar ,&nbsp;Sumit Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy is one of the most suitable renewable sources for drying crops and generating heat and electricity, replacing the need for fossil fuels. It provides clean and sustainable energy that benefits the environment. Nanoparticle PCM is used to reduce drying time and enhance the thermal conductivity of solar drying during the drying process. The mathematical model analyzes moisture loss, drying time, and crop quality. Machine learning tools simplify the modeling, design, forecasting, simulation, optimization, and problem detection of any drying system with high accuracy in less time than conventional methods. ML analyzes data from many sensors, such as humidity, temperature, solar radiation, and temperature, to make real-time adjustments to improve product quality and efficiency. Radial Basis function (RBF), Multilayered Perceptron (MPL), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are algorithms used in ML to control and optimize the drying process in solar dryers are cost-effective, reduce the time required for accurate results, and enhance the energy efficiency, product quality, and overall sustainability in solar drying. This review paper shows that an ML-based system makes the dryer more sustainable and economical. RBF's lowest RMSE (0.99 and 33.67 for dried temperature and mass) provided better accuracy. The study found a net annual benefit of $ 3000 for the ML-based system and $ 1000 for the conventional system. The experimental value of MR and ANN forecasts nearly matched, with a maximum variation of 0.001, and experimental DR decreased by 0.02 d.b/h, with the variance predicted by ANN being 0.04.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116403"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust GenUT-UKF for state of charge estimation of Li-ion battery against data and model uncertainty","authors":"Anbumalar Pandian,&nbsp;Sutha Subbian,&nbsp;Pappa Natarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is essential for the reliable operation of the battery management system (BMS) in electric vehicles (EVs). Conventional unscented transformation based unscented Kalman filters (UT-UKF) are very useful for moderately non-linear systems with Gaussian noise distribution data during state update. However, it provides satisfactory results only for highly non-linear and non-Gaussian data. This paper provides a robust generalized unscented transformation based unscented Kalman filter (RGenUT-UKF) for SoC accurate estimation of real-world drive cycle. This proposed approach effectively captures highly non-Gaussian and non-linear characteristics using distribution-free non-linear transformation with optimally tuned noise covariance matrices ensuring reliability against unseen real-time data. The generalized unscented transformation technique uses higher order moments, in addition to mean and covariance for sigma points selection for enhancement of filter performance. This study deals with the development of an equivalent circuit model (ECM)-based GenUT-UKF for the estimation of SoC of Turnigy Graphene Li-ion battery for different drive cycles that include LA92, US06, and UDDS drive cycle. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing it with UT-UKF and GenUT-extended Kalman filter (GenUT-EKF). Additionally, analysis of the robustness of the proposed algorithm has been made with LA92 drive cycle at 40°C against data uncertainties such as 5 % sensor noise to the battery current, ambient temperature variations (0°C, 10°C and 25°C) and model uncertainty in the noise covariance matrices (Q and R). The proposed GenUT-UKF showed outperformance over UT-UKF and GenUT-EKF against sensor noise, ambient temperature variations, and model uncertainty with RMSE of 0.2780%, 0.7842 %, and 0.7843 % respectively. Finally, a RGenUT-UKF has been designed by optimally tuned noise covariance matrices for the LA92 drive cycle using the Bayesian optimization technique. Improved performance of the proposed method has been ensured with a minimum RMSE of 0.4099 %. In addition, the efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated under complex working conditions through simulation as well as experimental studies. The practicability of realizing the algorithm has been demonstrated with RT-LAB-based real-time simulator using software-in-the-loop (SIL) configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116360"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent approach to transition metal ion mitigation via surface-engineered boehmite separator and cathode reinforcement for high-voltage lithium metal batteries","authors":"Eunbin Lim ,&nbsp;Jeanie Pearl Dizon Suba ,&nbsp;Jaegu Cho ,&nbsp;Junhyeok Seo ,&nbsp;Minjae Kim ,&nbsp;Sukeun Yoon ,&nbsp;Kuk Young Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing high-energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) for energy storage can be achieved using high-voltage cathodes like LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523). However, stabilizing Li metal anodes faces challenges due to harmful side reactions caused by the migration of transition metal (TM) ions from the cathode to the electrolyte and Li metal anode. In this study, a surface-engineered particle coating on the functional separator with superior wettability and flame retardancy is developed, addressing safety risks in high-voltage operations and providing effective shielding against TM ion leakage. Additionally, a single-crystal LiNbO₃ (LNO) coating is applied to the NCM523 cathode to enhance its structural integrity under severe operating conditions. The combined modifications result in superior cycling performance, improved capacity retention, &gt; 90 % reduction in TM ion crossover, and increased stability in high-voltage operations. This study offers valuable insights into advancing high-energy density LMBs, showing that surface-engineered separators and single-crystal LNO cathode coatings can significantly enhance performance. The proposed approach provides a promising solution for enabling high-voltage operations in mid‑nickel cathode systems for practical LMB applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116428"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive framework for optimal energy management in renewable-integrated multi-energy carrier systems: Utilizing X2Y technologies and storage devices","authors":"Bishoy E. Sedhom ,&nbsp;Abdelfattah A. Eladl ,&nbsp;Magda I. El-Afifi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressing environmental challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming demand innovative approaches to energy management. In response to this need, this research presents a comprehensive framework that integrates X2Y technologies and energy storage systems (ESSs) into renewable-integrated multi-energy systems. The proposed energy hub (EH) is designed to optimize both economic and environmental performance by minimizing operational costs and pollutant emissions. The EH model integrates multiple components, including photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WTs), combined heat and power (CHP) units, and storage devices for electricity, heat, gas, water, and ice. Additionally, energy conversion technologies such as power-to-gas (P2G), electric chillers (EC), absorption chillers (AC), and electric heat pumps (EHP) enhance the system's flexibility to meet diverse energy demands. A dual-objective optimization approach is employed, focusing on minimizing operational costs and reducing emissions to balance economic and environmental priorities. This optimization strategy ensures efficient utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) and mitigates grid instability caused by variable energy generation. The proposed methodology significantly reduces renewable energy curtailment, enhances system resilience, and contributes to climate change mitigation efforts. The framework's effectiveness was evaluated using the standard IEEE 69-bus network as a test case. The results of this evaluation demonstrate substantial improvements: about 40 % increase in social welfare, a 34.02 % reduction in emissions, and a 20.4 % reduction in the curtailment (unused or wasted) of renewable energy generation. The incorporation of power-to-gas technology, a key example of an X2Y technology, led to a significant decrease in natural gas consumption, reducing it to 2148 kcf. These findings collectively highlight the significant potential of the proposed framework to effectively address both economic and environmental challenges within contemporary energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116367"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal facet modification of hematite enabling effective polysulfide adsorption/conversion and improved LiS chemistry","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Jiawen Cui,&nbsp;Jiayang Li,&nbsp;Li Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal facet engineering has emerged as a highly effective method for boosting the catalytic performance of nanocrystalline catalysts. In this study, three hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) samples with distinct exposed facets were synthesized via solution synthesis and demonstrated strong chemical adsorption and catalytic properties, speeding up the redox reactions of sulfur species in lithium‑sulfur (Li<img>S) chemistry. Among them, HEM-001 exhibited outstanding adsorption and catalytic performance attributed to the plentiful unsaturated coordinated oxygen atoms present on the (001) crystal facets. This specific facet not only facilitated the effective adsorption and conversion of polysulfides but also significantly lowered the decomposition energy barrier of Li₂S. The electrochemical cells utilizing these highly active electrocatalysts exhibited remarkable cycling stability, achieving a specific capacity of 846.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 0.5C, and maintaining 826.3 mAh g⁻¹ even at a high rate of 2C. When the rate was reverted to 0.2C, the specific capacity reached an impressive value of 990.2 mAh g⁻¹. These findings underscore that crystal facet engineering is an effective method for optimizing catalyst performance. This research not only enhances the comprehension of surface structure-driven electrocatalysis in Li<img>S chemistry but also paves the way for the practical application of natural hematite in advanced energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116391"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting polysulfide conversion by catalytic of ZnSe nanoparticles for room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery","authors":"Jinlin Wang,&nbsp;Can Wu,&nbsp;Wang Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Kai Ding,&nbsp;Jie Xiao,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zeng,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although room temperature sodium-sulfur (RT/Na-S) battery has been acclaimed as one of the most promising among the next generation of energy storage technologies, their commercial practicability is still challenged because of the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) as well as the slow sulfur (S) cathode redox kinetics. Here, metal selenides (ZnSe) nanoparticles loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon (ZnSe/NC) are elaborately designed and synthesized to serve as the S host for RT/Na-S battery. The ZnSe/NC can accommodate a high S loading and facilitate ion transport. Meanwhile, ZnSe nanoparticles can promote the conversion of long-chain NaPSs into short-chain NaPSs. During this process, they can exert a strong adsorption effect on NaPSs through chemical bonds (Zn<img>S). The superiority of the S@ZnSe/NC electrode is harnessed in the assembly of RT/Na-S battery, presenting remarkable capacity performance and stable cycling (retains 720 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and 400.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 1300 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹.). This work offers a feasible approach to prepare metal selenide catalysts for high-performance RT/Na-S battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116374"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co doping induced high initial utilization boosting Li storage performance of ZnFe2O4","authors":"Yongyong Li,&nbsp;Yanli Chen,&nbsp;Xintao Ye,&nbsp;Xiu Gong,&nbsp;Jing-liang Yang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Qu,&nbsp;Qiong Peng,&nbsp;Junfei Ding,&nbsp;Qixuan Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaosi Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.116332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) exhibits large theoretical capacity based on the lithiation reaction involving multi-electron transfer, which is irreversible and yield ZnO and Fe₂O₃ after the first recharging process. However, the poor intrinsic electrical conductivity of ZnFe₂O₄ make them difficult to be fully utilized, which leads to lower specific capacity compared with the theoretical value. In this work, metal cation (Co) doping is conducted by a simple hydrothermal method to enhance the utilization of ZnFe₂O₄ during the first cycle. Density functional theory calculations revealed that Co doping could alter the electronic structure of ZnFe₂O₄, resulting in larger adsorption energy of lithium ions. Meanwhile, Co doping introduces new electron state near the Fermi level, contributing to lower migration energy barrier of lithium ions and faster charge transfer. Benefiting from the improved lithiation reaction kinetics, as indicted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Co doped ZnFe₂O₄ exhibits much larger discharge/charge capacity during the first cycle, suggesting its higher utilization. The large capacity could also be maintained in subsequent cycles. Specifically, Co doped ZnFe₂O₄(Co-ZFO-5) exhibits a specific capacity of 839 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹, and a specific capacity of 510 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹. This work provides a fundamental understanding to the intrinsic structure-function relationship of transition metal oxide anode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 116332"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}