Journal of energy storage最新文献_第2页

Smart and secure battery management: The role of artificial intelligence and edge computing in the next generation of electric vehicles 智能和安全的电池管理：人工智能和边缘计算在下一代电动汽车中的作用

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121465

Gaurav Kumar, Suresh Mikkili

{"title":"Smart and secure battery management: The role of artificial intelligence and edge computing in the next generation of electric vehicles","authors":"Gaurav Kumar, Suresh Mikkili","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the need for secure battery management systems (BMSs). It is crucial to secure the BMS. BMS is exposed to cybersecurity risks due to its dependency on communication technologies. It is vulnerable to cyberattacks such as data modification, interception, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which may result in overcharging, undercharging, or thermal hazards of the battery. The aim of this paper is to develop and experimentally validate a secure local monitoring architecture for BMS data using encryption-based protection mechanisms. A password-protected encryption and decryption framework is used to protect important battery parameters like voltage, current, state of charge (SoC), temperature, and humidity. The proposed system utilizes AES-128 encryption deployed on a NodeMCU 32-bit microcontroller-based local web server. The process of encryption achieves an execution time of 1.2 ms with 811 transactions per second (TPS), while decryption requires 1.5 ms with 660 TPS. A 6S Li-ion battery bank (14.4 Wh, 600 mAh per cell) is used to validate system performance. This paper also presents an overview of cybersecurity threats in EV BMS, cell-balancing methods, SoC estimation methods, and the application of blockchain technology to put the proposed secure monitoring framework in context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121465"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of tube immersion and nano-Al₂O₃ paraffin–vaseline on thermodynamic performance of solar water heating 管浸和纳米al₂O₃石蜡-凡士林对太阳能热水热力学性能的影响

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121463

Haider Abdulah Khumais , Mehdi Razavifar , Miqdam Tariq Chaichan

{"title":"Influence of tube immersion and nano-Al₂O₃ paraffin–vaseline on thermodynamic performance of solar water heating","authors":"Haider Abdulah Khumais , Mehdi Razavifar , Miqdam Tariq Chaichan","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper handles the problem of enhancing the efficiency of solar water heaters under the cold winter conditions of Baghdad, where limited sunlight and reduced temperatures decrease the efficiency of heating. This study experimentally evaluated two solar water heaters operating with a thermal siphon system outdoors during the cold winter of Baghdad. Five different PCM formulations were incorporated into and assessed in both heating systems, consisting of paraffin, a blend of paraffin, Vaseline, and nano-<em>Al</em>₂O₃. The study focused on the effect of pipe placement (either exposed above or submerged in the PCM tank) on energy, exergy, entropy generation, and irreversibility. The researchers (to the best of their knowledge) believe this is the first study to indicate the fundamental effect of the tube's position (exposed above the paraffin tank or fully submerged in it) on heat transfer, energy and exergy efficiency, and entropy generation for nighttime heating. PCM thermal conductivity was enhanced as much as 61.5% by the incorporation of 1 wt% nano-alumina, resulting in high heat transfer and storage.</div><div>The outdoor winter experiments recorded water temperature increases up to 38.1 °C and 42.3 °C in the two nano-paraffin-vaseline mixtures in heaters compared to plain water (15.1 °C and 14.1 °C, respectively) and unmodified paraffin mixtures (more than 18 °C). The heater with immersed pipes was more energy efficient (maximum 8.98% higher), exergy efficient (maximum 10% versus 8.5%), and had lower entropy generation and irreversibility, which meant fewer thermodynamic losses. These results highlight the thermal advantages of nanoparticle-enhanced PCMs and immersed pipe design in long-term utilization of heat retention to obtain better solar water heating within low-radiation conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bi-objective optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems with ice storage vs. battery storage for sustainable dairy farming 冰蓄电与电池蓄电混合可再生能源系统的双目标优化

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121442

Marco Briceño-León , Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá , Jean-Michel Clairand , Xavier Serrano-Guerrero

{"title":"Bi-objective optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems with ice storage vs. battery storage for sustainable dairy farming","authors":"Marco Briceño-León , Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá , Jean-Michel Clairand , Xavier Serrano-Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of energy storage is key to the effective deployment of hybrid renewable energy systems in the agricultural sector. This paper presents a bi-objective optimization model to determine the optimal energy storage configuration for a sustainable dairy farm, conducting a direct techno-economic and environmental comparison between battery energy storage (BES) and ice-based cold thermal energy storage (CTES). Using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), the model minimizes net present cost and <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> emissions for a case study farm in Ecuador, evaluating scenarios with photovoltaic, wind, biogas, and solar thermal technologies. The results indicate that both storage types are effective; however, ice storage stands out as the more cost-efficient option for reducing emissions in scenarios with high cooling demand. The scenario with renewable energy technologies such as PV, biogas, solar collectors, and ice storage achieved a 64% reduction in <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> emissions. In contrast, batteries offer greater flexibility once the cooling demand is saturated. This study underscores that the choice of energy storage technology is a critical determinant in balancing sustainability and affordability for small-scale food processors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121442"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nested generalized game for common-energy-storage assisted community local energy sharing 基于嵌套广义对策的公共储能辅助社区局部能量共享

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121324

Li Ma , Wei Pei , Hao Xiao , Tieming Zhu , Xin Zhang , Tengfei Ma

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of series parallel flow channel liquid cooling plate for energy storage lithium iron phosphate battery module 储能磷酸铁锂电池组件串联并联流道液冷板流动传热特性的实验与数值研究

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121430

Wei Lu , Chengman Zhou , Lin Zhang , Qingliang Zhao , Zhiyou Zhan , Chengcheng Shi , Wenxin Qian , Bingjie Wu

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of series parallel flow channel liquid cooling plate for energy storage lithium iron phosphate battery module","authors":"Wei Lu , Chengman Zhou , Lin Zhang , Qingliang Zhao , Zhiyou Zhan , Chengcheng Shi , Wenxin Qian , Bingjie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the heat dissipation problem of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the energy storage field, this paper proposes a series parallel channel liquid cooling plate (LCP). The LCP is equipped with multiple parallel channels connected by the confluence channel, and flat key structures of different sizes are arranged in the confluence channel, a flow-around structure is added near the inlet and outlet of the coolant to reduce flow dead zones and local low-speed areas, and optimize flow and heat transfer performance. Experimental and numerical studies on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the LCP reveal that the optimal parameters are: coolant inlet temperature of 20 °C, inlet flow rate of 3 L/min, flow channel width <em>D</em> of 30 mm, flow channel depth <em>H</em> of 3.5 mm, and flow channel arrangement <em>n</em> of 3:4:4:3. Under these conditions, the <em>T</em><sub>max</sub> is 37.92 °C, the Δ<em>T</em> is 14.15 °C, and the <em>T</em><sub>SD</sub> is 0.719 °C, the Δ<em>P</em> is 1912.37 Pa, and the <em>h</em> is 276.33 W/(m<sup>2</sup>·K). Compared with the experimental LCP structure under the same working conditions, the <em>T</em><sub>max</sub> is reduced by 0.43%, the Δ<em>T</em> is reduced by 1.05%, and the <em>T</em><sub>SD</sub> is decreased by 3.94%, while the hydraulic thermal performance factor (<em>HTPF</em>) is improved by 2.3%. This significantly improves the temperature distribution of the battery module (BM) and achieves a balance between heat transfer performance and pressure drop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121430"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint online estimation of state of charge and internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries with multi-task learning 基于多任务学习的锂离子电池充电状态和内部温度联合在线估计

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121468

Jiaqi Yao , Dominik Droese , Julia Kowal

{"title":"Joint online estimation of state of charge and internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries with multi-task learning","authors":"Jiaqi Yao , Dominik Droese , Julia Kowal","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An accurate online estimation of state of charge (SOC) is the cornerstone for a safe, efficient usage of the battery system, as well as vigilant thermal management, which relies critically on accurate temperature monitoring at locations that best reflect the thermal state. However, since temperature sensors are usually only installed on cell surfaces for reliability and safety reasons, the more informative internal temperature must be inferred indirectly from the available surface measurements. Meanwhile, the heat generation and SOC of a battery cell are often correlated with each other. Therefore, in this work, we place temperature sensors in the cell core area and cast the core temperature as state of internal temperature (SOIT) as a representative example for internal temperature monitoring of cylindrical lithium-ion cells, and propose a multi-task learning (MTL) framework, namely multi-scale multi-gate mixture-of-experts (MS-MMoE), utilizing temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) with different receptive fields (RFs) to capture the battery dynamics from different time scales for an accurate joint online estimation of SOC and SOIT. Detailed experimental results are presented under various testing scenarios, where the proposed MS-MMoE model outperforms the other MTL and single-task models in most cases and demonstrates sufficient capability to generalize on unseen cells, thereby verifying its industrial applicability. Considering the increasing demand for accurate, versatile battery state monitoring under realistic operating conditions, as well as the limited availability of internal temperature measurements, this work will support the development of next-generation intelligent BMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121468"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design principles for durable silicon–graphene anodes: Surface, interface, and structural engineering approaches 耐用硅-石墨烯阳极的设计原则：表面、界面和结构工程方法

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121449

Mustafa Khan , Liyuan Qian , Zhiqian Lin , Yun Wang , Chunhui Zou , Haibin Lin , Xiaofei Wang , Songbai Han , Jinlong Zhu

{"title":"Design principles for durable silicon–graphene anodes: Surface, interface, and structural engineering approaches","authors":"Mustafa Khan , Liyuan Qian , Zhiqian Lin , Yun Wang , Chunhui Zou , Haibin Lin , Xiaofei Wang , Songbai Han , Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon–graphene (Si–Gr) anodes represent one of the most promising pathways for advancing lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance beyond the limits of graphite. Silicon offers exceptional theoretical capacity but suffers from severe volume expansion, mechanical fracture, and unstable SEI formation. Graphene provides outstanding conductivity, mechanical robustness, and structural tunability, yet its intrinsic lithium storage capacity remains modest. This review critically examines recent progress across three interconnected domains: engineered Si architectures, advanced graphene morphologies, and Si–Gr hybrid systems. The discussion focuses on how nanoscale design, interface engineering, elastic and conductive binders, and prelithiation strategies collectively address these challenges. Emphasis is placed on structure–property–performance relationships, volumetric and gravimetric trade-offs, and manufacturing considerations that determine practical viability. By bridging mechanistic insights with emerging scalable fabrication routes, this review outlines the design principles and technological directions most likely to accelerate the transition of Si–Gr anodes from laboratory demonstrations to market-ready high-energy, fast-charging LIBs for electric mobility, grid storage, and next-generation electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121449"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient CuS/CoS/rGO based multicomponent nanocomposites as high-performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors 高效cu /CoS/rGO基多组分纳米复合材料作为非对称超级电容器的高性能电极材料

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121337

Satyabrata Sahoo, Vinitha Annachi, Murugan Eagambaram

{"title":"Efficient CuS/CoS/rGO based multicomponent nanocomposites as high-performance electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Satyabrata Sahoo, Vinitha Annachi, Murugan Eagambaram","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing efficient electroactive nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications has attracted significant research interest. In this study, three multicomponent nanocomposites 2CuS/CoS/rGO, CuS/2CoS/rGO, and CuS/CoS/rGO were synthesized by varying the Cu/Co ratio through a solvothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, XPS, and BET to evaluate structure, morphology, and surface properties. Electrochemical performance was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The solvothermal synthesis improved surface area and crystallinity, directly enhancing charge storage behaviour. Among the composites, 2CuS/CoS/rGO demonstrated the highest performance, delivering a specific capacitance of 636 Cg<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> (176.67 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, it achieved an energy density of 44.16 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> with a power density of 250 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, and the stability retained 94.5% of capacitance with nearly 99.7% coulombic efficiency after 5000 cycles at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting excellent stability along with low internal resistance and rapid charge transfer kinetics. The incorporation of rGO provided high conductivity and effective nanoparticle dispersion, promoting efficient electron transport during redox reactions. Overall, 2CuS/CoS/rGO emerges as a superior electrode material, holding strong promise for the fabrication of next-generation renewable energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121337"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-performance NASICON-type Na2FeTi(PO4)3@C cathode material for sodium-ion batteries 高性能nasicon型Na2FeTi(PO4)3@C钠离子电池正极材料

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121419

Shaoxiong Liu , Pei He , Ziyan Wang , Wentao Qu , Zhifeng Huang , Li Liu

{"title":"High-performance NASICON-type Na2FeTi(PO4)3@C cathode material for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Shaoxiong Liu , Pei He , Ziyan Wang , Wentao Qu , Zhifeng Huang , Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with NASICON-type electrode materials receiving widespread attention due to the stability of their crystal structure. In this study, NASICON-type Na<sub>2</sub>FeTi(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>@C (NFTP@C) has been successfully synthesized using a simple sol-gel method and studied as a cathode electrode in SIBs. The material, featuring dual transition metals Fe and Ti, undergoes multi-step redox reactions, resulting in a wide operating voltage range. The carbon in NFTP@C composite enhances its conductivity and prevents the pulverization of active materials during charge and discharge processes. The experimental results demonstrate that NFTP@C exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance. NFTP@C delivers a discharge specific capacity of 111 mA h·g<sup>−1</sup> at 20 mA·g<sup>−1</sup>, and even when the current increases to 1000 mA·g<sup>−1</sup>, it still shows high specific capacity of 86 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>. Meanwhile, it could deliver an initial discharge specific capacity of 91 mA h·g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 500 mA·g<sup>−1</sup>, and after 1500 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 94.2%. Moreover, when subjected to low-temperature environments of 0 °C and −10 °C, NFTP@C also displays promising rate capability and excellent cycle stability. Besides, NFTP@C electrode also displays good applications in sodium full-cell. This material provides a new direction for researching high-performance NASICON-type SIBs cathode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of a double-layered radial flow packed bed thermal energy storage 双层径向流填料床储热的实验评价

IF 8.9 2区工程技术

Journal of energy storage Pub Date : 2026-04-20 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2026.121456

Konstantinos Apostolopoulos-Kalkavouras, Silvia Trevisan, Rafael Guedez

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of a double-layered radial flow packed bed thermal energy storage","authors":"Konstantinos Apostolopoulos-Kalkavouras, Silvia Trevisan, Rafael Guedez","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2026.121456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) is increasingly regarded as essential for sustainable energy systems, enabling the decoupling of supply and demand in renewable-heavy scenarios where flexibility and reliability are critical. This work builds on previous authors work and presents a novel double-layered packed bed TES prototype and its experimental assessment. The prototype, with 35 kWh capacity, operates between 20 °C and 600 °C at ambient pressure. Its key feature is two coaxial particle layers, whose sizes can be independently adjusted to test multiple configurations, offering unique flexibility for performance evaluation. Experiments explore variations in charging/discharging mass flow rates, operating temperatures, and particle/layer sizes. Temperature sensors embedded within the bed capture detailed thermocline development. Performance is quantified through key performance indicators and dimensionless parameters. Results show robust and repeatable behavior, with efficiencies around 90% and consistently high temperature uniformity across the bed. The pressure drop remains minimal, below 1 mbar, while particle size has a strong influence: larger particles reduce pressure drop, whereas smaller ones enhance thermal performance. Nevertheless, under the tested operating conditions, the discharge temperature exhibits a decreasing profile. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of radial-flow packed bed concepts, while also showing that certain coaxial layering configurations can reduce pressure drop by about 30% without compromising thermal performance, maintaining efficiencies near 90%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 121456"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0