Resilient planning for battery and hydrogen energy storage in power systems against extreme heatwave events

Under the impacts of extreme heatwave events, the electricity demand from temperature-sensitive equipment increases, intensifying the energy balance pressure in power systems. Long-duration energy storage, such as Hydrogen energy storage, offers a promising tool by enabling transferring energy from other periods to the extreme event periods. However, estimating the hybrid energy storage configuration of power systems under heatwave events remains unresolved. This paper proposes a resilient planning model for optimizing the capacities of battery energy storage systems and hydrogen energy storage systems, aiming to achieve the optimal technical and economic operation of the power system under extreme heatwave events. The proposed planning model consists of both before-event pre-dispatch and during-event re-dispatch, such that the energy shortage during the heatwave event can be compensated by strategic discharge of hydrogen storage. Case studies with extensive conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work in achieving optimal technical-economic efficiency. Results show that the existing thermal power units are only capable of accommodating a 9.14 % load demand increase. When load increase is less than 13.38 %, configuring only battery energy storage is capable of enhancing resilience while maintaining low costs; However, when the load increase exceeds 13.38 %, hybrid energy storage configuration becomes a cost-effective scheme.