Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Fecal Immunochemical Testing for Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Two Public Hospitals.","authors":"Changlin Gong, Maria Teresa Medina Rojas, Maria Gabriela Rubianes Guerrero, Michail Kladas, Arameh Mousakhanian, Aarushi Sudan, Adejoke Johnson, Kimberly Cartmill, Elana Sydney, Donald P Kotler","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01187-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01187-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is highly effective in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, but patient adherence to the screening process remains questionable. We present preliminary findings from a quality improvement (QI) initiative, in order to assess screening adherence and findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All FIT specimens in a 30-month period were retrospectively examined. Patients with positive results were included, and information was collected via electronic medical record, including QI measures such as colonoscopy completion and findings. All data were de-identified. Patients were divided into \"asymptomatic group\" and \"symptomatic group\" based on clinical manifestations. Adherence and findings were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FIT results were positive in 174 out of 2400 specimens. Colonoscopy was performed in 47.6% of all FIT-positive cases after a median interval of 5.5 (interquartile range, IQR 3-10) months, with 10% having CRC, 51.3% having adenomas, and 17.5% having advanced adenomas. Of all nine patients who had CRC, seven were in the symptomatic group. All five advanced cancers were found in the symptomatic group. Patients who actually completed colonoscopy were significantly younger than those who did not (median 61.5 years, IQR 56.5-69 years, vs. 64.5 years, IQR 59-71 years, P = 0.048). Patient-related reasons, primarily refusal, accounted for 65.9% of unperformed colonoscopies. No significant difference was found in adherence and yield between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevalence of colorectal adenomas and cancers is high in FIT-positive patients. A substantial number of CRCs and potentially preventable CRCs must have been missed because of low adherence rate, especially in older patients. Improving adherence to CRC screening in public hospitals requires enhanced patient engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Radiation for Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: an Updated Review After the Initial RTOG 0848 Results.","authors":"Cymon N Kersch, Aaron J Grossberg","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01185-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01185-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with limited long-term survival despite advances in treatment strategies. While surgical resection offers the best chance for cure in localized disease, high rates of recurrence underscore the need for effective adjuvant therapies. Over four decades, the role of adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) has been the subject of significant debate, with numerous trials yielding mixed outcomes regarding its impact on survival. Improvements in chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy techniques have prompted renewed efforts to define the value of CRT, particularly in comparison to chemotherapy alone. The recent initial results of RTOG 0848 mark a critical milestone in this ongoing discussion, providing contemporary evidence that challenges established assumptions and refines patient selection criteria. By identifying specific subgroups-such as lymph node-negative patients-which may benefit from CRT, the trial offers clarity while highlighting the limitations of CRT in other populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we review prior prospective and retrospective trials that investigated the role of perioperative CRT, in particular radiation therapy, for resectable pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review examines the trajectory of research on CRT in pancreatic cancer, assesses the implications of RTOG 0848 for current clinical practice, and underscores the importance of further studies to optimize the integration of multimodal therapy in the management of this aggressive disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of results from RTOG 0848 in conjunction with the results of prior prospective and retrospective trials lend support for the use of adjuvant RT for patients with both lymph node-negative and lymph node-positive disease. However, several open questions remain about the role of this therapy in select patient cohorts, and whether neoadjuvant versus advent radiation is optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Outcomes Between Minimally Invasive and Open Gastrectomy in Early and Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma in a Western Center.","authors":"Sandhya Kalavacherla, Nicholas Neel, Vasan Jagadeesh, Michael Bouvet, Andrew Lowy, Santiago Horgan, Winta T Mehtsun, Kaitlyn J Kelly","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01163-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01163-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIS) is well-utilized in Asia, its adoption in the West to treat gastric adenocarcinoma has been slower. We compare survival outcomes between open gastrectomy and MIS in a high-volume Western US center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective review, demographic and clinical characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent curative-intent MIS (robotic or laparoscopic approaches) or open surgery were compared via descriptive statistics. Multivariable Cox hazard regression models were constructed to assess the effects of gastrectomy type on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the overall cohort and a locally advanced subgroup (pathologic stage 2-3 patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 135 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were studied; 67% underwent MIS. Open patients experienced lower lymph node retrieval (p = 0.004) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy administration (p = 0.037) than MIS. OS (p = 0.18) and RFS (p = 0.74) were not different between MIS and open over a 5-year period. In multivariable survival models, gastrectomy type was not associated with OS (open hazard ratio (HR) = 1.78, p = 0.8 (compared to MIS)) or RFS (HR = 1.46, p = 0.7), while positive nodes (HR = 21.7, p = 0.003) and pathologic stage 3 (HR = 1.6, p = 0.025) were associated with poorer OS. Within the locally advanced cohort (N = 66, 67% MIS), OS (p = 0.43) and RFS (p = 0.72) were similarly not different between MIS and open patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of MIS to manage gastric cancer within Western populations. Importantly, these data highlight the utility of MIS as a treatment option for locally advanced disease where uptake has been slowest.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Differences and Effects of Clinical/Socioeconomic Factors on Time from Diagnosis to Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Anush Sridharan, Efrat Dotan, Marianna Dorta, Navya Vemula, Elizabeth Handorf, Mengying Deng, Ashley Renning, Kristen Sorice, Lauren Laderman, Kate Whittington, Edna Cukierman, Igor Astsaturov, Namrata Vijayvergia, Joshua E Meyer, Sanjay S Reddy, Shannon M Lynch","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01188-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01188-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Five-year survival for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is < 10% but can vary by a patient's race, socioeconomic status (SES), and the factors related to the neighborhood where a patient lives (nSES) . Prolonged time from diagnosis to first treatment (T2T) is another important disparity indicator. Here, we examined the effect of race, nSES, and patient-level clinical factors on T2T and survival in metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with mPDAC treated at an academic cancer center between 2010 and 2018 (n = 334) were evaluated for nSES measures related to racial concentration, neighborhood deprivation, stability, immigration status, and transportation access from the US Census. We assessed and reported the effects of nSES and patient-level variables (age, race, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), etc.) on T2T and survival using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, hazard ratios (HR), confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>82.9% of the patients were White; 17.1% were Black. Median T2T was 26 days with no significant difference in T2T and survival by race. In multivariable models, no nSES variables were significantly associated with T2T. T2T did not significantly impact survival; however, receipt of chemotherapy (HR = 0.14 [95% CI = 0.06, 0.30]) was associated with better survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients with mPDAC, T2T was not associated with race/ethnic disparities or survival in a mostly White, high SES population treated at a comprehensive cancer center. Future investigations into pancreatic cancer disparities may be warranted in other hospital settings and in larger, more diverse study samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Radiation Proctopathy on Secondary-Primary Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Akram I Ahmad, Zaid Ansari, Tasneem Jamal Al-Din, Ritu Channagiri, Osama Sherjeel Khan, Fernando J Castro","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01193-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01193-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We designed this study to evaluate the relationship between radiation proctopathy (RP) and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in prostate cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients with prostate cancer who received pelvic radiation therapy between January 2004 and January 2024. The study aims to compare the incidence of post-radiation rectal and colon cancer between patients who developed RP and patients who did not. We excluded patients with a previous history of colon cancer, colectomy, or inflammatory bowel disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 12,629 met the inclusion criteria, 533 patients were diagnosed with RP, and 12,096 were without. We observed a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (3.75% vs. 0.63%), colon cancer (2.06% vs 0.40%), and rectal cancer (1.69% vs 0.23%) in patients with RP compared to those without PR (p < 0.001) during the follow-up period of 81 months for the RP group and 68 months for the non-RP group. PR was associated with colon and rectal cancer with an HR of 4.43 (95% CI, 2.29-8.57; p < 0.0001) and 7.27 (95% CI, 3.43-15.43; p < 0.0001), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RP is an independent risk factor for developing rectal and colon cancer after pelvic radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transposition of Internal Iliac Artery to External Iliac Artery in a Case of Locally Advanced Colonic Carcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Mayank Tripathi, Katyayani Kumari, Kumar Vineet, Dhaval R Vadodaria, Hetanshu Parekh","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01178-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01178-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Locally advanced carcinoma colon may need en-bloc resection with microscopic negative margin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report our novel technique of internal iliac artery transposition to reconstruct the external iliac artery in a case of locally advanced colonic cancer involving the external iliac artery. In this case, adenocarcinoma of the right colon was seen involving the lower pole of the right kidney, right psoas muscle, right ureter and rt sided external iliac vessels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Right hemicolectomy was done with right nephrectomy along with resection of the right external iliac artery. The right internal iliac artery was used for the reconstruction of the right external iliac artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Internal iliac artery used as a replacement for excised external iliac artery seems to be a valid alternative to synthetic grafts and femoral-femoral bypass.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Factors for Esophageal Stricture Following Definitive Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Carcinoma.","authors":"Swathi R Krishna, Sandeep Muzumder, Silpa Johnson, Nirmala Srikantia, Avinash H U, Santu Ghosh, Rajesh Majumder","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01192-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01192-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Concurrent Chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) offers attractive approaches providing the opportunity of cure, as well as organ preservation for patients with esophageal cancer and has now become the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancers. However, one of the major concerns associated with CRT is the potential for treatment-related side effects, including strictures and fistula formation. This study aims to identify the predictors of stricture formation following definitive CRT in esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>79 patients who underwent definitive CRT for carcinoma esophagus, post cricoid area and gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ), from 2013 to 2023 were included in the study. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to collect data including the following parameters: age, gender, grade of dysphagia at presentation, stage of the disease, circumferential involvement by disease, treatment technique used, dose of radiation, and concurrent chemotherapy used. These factors were then correlated to development of radiation induced stricture.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The median follow-up period was 22.5 months in survivors. Median overall survival was 47 months. The post-treatment stricture occurred in 22 patients (27.85%). The median time to develop a stricture after completing treatment was 4.5 months. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly correlated with post treatment stenosis were stage T4 (P = 0.012) and concurrent chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel (p=0.034). Other factors like patient age, sex, stage group, length of the involved segment, maximum tumor thickness, RT technique, and radiation dose were not associated with stricture risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested that patients with T4 stage and patients receiving concurrent carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy have higher risk of developing treatment-related esophageal stenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Annmarie Butare, Tia Sutton, Elizabeth Kantzler, Katie N Kennedy, Dmitry Tumin, Michael D Honaker","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01186-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01186-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended as an option for patients who have high-risk features. It remains unclear whether all patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer benefit from adjuvant therapy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the association between adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019, adult patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer defined as T4 tumor classification, perineural invasion, less than 12 lymph nodes harvested, and poorly differentiated histology. 1:1 ratio propensity matching was used to adjust for confounding variables. Survival differences based on receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy were summarized using a log rank test. Cox proportion hazard regression was used to evaluate overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 11,619 patients who met inclusion criteria, 2775 (24%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were more likely to receive adjuvant therapy if they were younger, married or partnered, or had left-sided lesions. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed an improvement in overall survival (log-rank test < 0.001). On pair-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression, adjuvant chemotherapy receipt was associated with 30% lower mortality hazard (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% CI 0.62, 0.80; p < 0.001). However, on landmark analysis, after excluding patients surviving < 3 months, adjuvant chemotherapy was no longer associated with mortality hazard (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.79, 1.04; p = 0.144).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this large SEER database study provide support for not undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Vaccine-Based Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Matthew T McMillan, Kevin C Soares","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01165-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01165-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers, with a 5-year survival rate that has improved only marginally over the past 30 years, despite numerous clinical trials. PDAC poses several unique challenges, including early metastatic spread and a predilection for liver metastasis. It is also highly resistant to anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to its dense and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, low immunogenicity, and systemic immune suppression. PDAC has a low mutational burden, defective antigen presentation, and immune checkpoint molecule upregulation, which reduce immune recognition. Together, these factors leave PDAC as an \"immune cold\" tumor with minimal cytotoxic T-cell activity. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to reinvigorate anti-tumor immunity. Recent advances, such as adjuvant personalized mRNA neoantigen vaccines and mutant-KRAS targeted vaccines, have demonstrated sustained vaccine-induced T cell responses that are associated with improved recurrence-free survival in surgically resected PDAC. Combining different vaccine approaches with optimal sequencing of chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and other immunotherapies may further enhance outcomes. PDAC vaccines represent a promising strategy for overcoming PDAC's resistance to conventional therapies, with ongoing trials exploring their potential to improve long-term survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Approaches of Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance in High-Risk Individuals.","authors":"Melissa Heller, Derek A Mann, Bryson W Katona","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01184-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01184-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, those recommended to undergo pancreatic cancer (PC) surveillance include appropriately aged individuals at high risk of PC due to an identifiable genetic susceptibility or those without identifiable genetic susceptibility who nonetheless have a strong family history of PC. With increases in identification of individuals at high risk for PC and increased use of PC surveillance in clinical practice, there has been increasing debate about who should undergo surveillance as well as how surveillance should be performed including use of imaging and blood-based testing. Furthermore, there is increasing interest in the outcomes of PC surveillance in high-risk individuals with some studies demonstrating that surveillance leads to downstaging of PC and improvements in survival. In this review, we summarize the current state of PC surveillance in high-risk individuals, providing an overview of the risk factors associated with PC, selection of high-risk individuals for PC surveillance, and the current, but non-uniform, recommendations for performing PC surveillance. Additionally, we review approaches to apply various imaging and blood-based tests to surveillance and the outcomes of PC surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11814005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}