Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Global Epidemiology of PD-L1 Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Francisco Cezar Aquino de Moraes, Gustavo Tadeu Freitas Uchôa Matheus, Luis Eduardo Rodrigues Sobreira, Shi Juin Lam, Mariana Rachas Reis, Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01305-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01305-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) accounts for ~ 10% of gastric cancers (GC). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression plays a key role in immune evasion and response to immunotherapy, but its correlation with EBVaGC remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies evaluating PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC. The primary outcome was the association between EBV and PD-L1 expression. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 53 studies with 17,806 patients were included. PD-L1 expression in EBVaGC was 10.34% (95% CI: 6.30-14.38; I² = 94.8%; p < 0.01). Prevalence varied by income level: high-income (8.28%), upper-middle-income (15.18%), and lower-middle-income countries (1.03%). By continent, PD-L1 expression rates were highest in Asia (12.44%) and lowest in Africa (1.03%). Among countries, China (21.51%) and the Czech Republic (22.50%) had the highest prevalence, while the Netherlands (0.83%) and Morocco (1.03%) had the lowest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reinforce the relevance of molecular classification, particularly the assessment of Epstein-Barr virus status, as a promising tool for improving patient stratification and guiding therapeutic decisions in gastric cancer. These results may contribute to advancing future research aimed at validating and expanding the use of these biomarkers globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shifting and Evolving Neoadjuvant Treatments and Surgical Platforms on Oncological Outcomes and Sphincter Preservation in Distal Rectal Cancer: A 23-Year Retrospective Experience.","authors":"Niyaz Shadmanov, Vusal Aliyev, Barıs Bakır, Suha Goksel, Oktar Asoglu","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01303-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01303-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to evaluate how advancements in surgical technology and evolving neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) protocols have influenced clinical, pathological, and long-term oncological outcomes in patients with locally advanced distal rectal cancer (LADRC). Particular emphasis is placed on how the evolving practice of a single high-volume colorectal surgeon has mirrored these developments over a 23-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included 561 patients with LADRC who underwent NAT between 2001 and 2024. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the year 2013, which marked the institutional adoption of robotic surgery, high-resolution 3-Tesla MRI, and the formal implementation of the Watch-and-Wait (W&W) strategy: Group I (2001-2012) and Group II (2013-2024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up duration was significantly longer in Group 1 (191 ± 2.29 months) compared to Group 2 (71 ± 2.81 months). Local recurrence (LR) occurred in 11.6% of patients in Group 1 and 6.9% in Group 2 (p = 0.107), while distant metastasis (DM) was observed in 15.5% and 10.6%, respectively (p = 0.178) (Fig. 2). Disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years was 67.4% (95% CI: 58.6-74.8) in Group 1 and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.6-83.8) in Group 2 (p = 0.003). At 10 years, DFS was 65.2% (95% CI: 58.6-74.8) and 79.4% (95% CI: 74.7-83.3) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.006). Similarly, overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 78.0% (95% CI: 67.6-82.4) in Group 1 and 91.7% (95% CI: 87.9-93.3) in Group 2 (p < 0.001). At 10 years, OS was 73.4% (95% CI: 66.0-81.1) and 90.5% (95% CI: 87.3-92.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, permanent stoma-free survival (PSFS) improved significantly over time, from 56.5% in Group 1 to 85.8% in Group 2 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of robotic surgery, high-resolution MRI, and the W&W strategy has significantly improved oncological outcomes and sphincter preservation rates in patients with LADRC over the past two decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Omitting Additional Surgery After Local Resection Affect Oncological Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk pT1 Colorectal Cancer?","authors":"Begoña Oronoz, Javier Suárez, Susana Oquiñena, Maria Concepción Llanos, Ana Borda, Enrique Balen","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01298-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01298-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Spain, with pT1 adenocarcinomas often managed via endoscopic polypectomy (EP). Determining the necessity of additional surgery post-EP remains challenging, especially given the low incidence of intramural residual tumor (IRT) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in certain high-risk cases. This study aims to evaluate histological factors predicting residual disease and to explore strategies to reduce unnecessary completion surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 276 patients with pT1 CRC arising from colonic and upper rectal polyps treated with complete EP at our institution between 2013 and 2021. pT1-polyps with positive resection margins, deep submucosal invasion ≥ 2 mm, presence of lymphovascular invasion, high-grade tumor budding, unfavorable histology, or indeterminate polyps were considered high-risk pT1-polyps. Patients were stratified into low-risk (LR), high-risk endoscopic management (HR-E), and high-risk surgical management (HR-S) groups. Follow-up involved clinical, endoscopic, and imaging surveillance over a median of 70 months. IRT, LNM, recurrence, and survival outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 276 patients, 88 (32%) were low-risk managed endoscopically, while 188 (68%) exhibited high-risk features; 128 underwent surgery (HR-S), and 60 were managed with surveillance (HR-E). Residual disease was identified in 18.7% of surgical specimens. IRT was predominantly associated with positive margins (p = 0.01). Unfavorable histology was strongly linked to LNM (p = 0.000). Recurrence rates were similar between HR-E and HR-S groups in patients with a single risk factor, with local recurrences effectively managed surgically. No CRC-specific deaths occurred in the HR-E group, and overall survival was better among patients with lower ASA scores and favorable histology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positive resection margins and unfavorable histology are significant predictors of IRT and LNM in pT1 CRC. Careful patient selection and vigilant follow-up may allow safe deferral of completion surgery in selected high-risk patients, especially those with comorbidities or a single histological risk factor, thereby reducing surgical morbidity without compromising survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Predictive Biomarker in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with First-Line Immunotherapy.","authors":"Tiago Felismino, Luanna Martins, Matheus Barroso, Daniela Carvalho, Angelo Brito, Claudia Maccali, Felipe Coimbra","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01299-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01299-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with high mortality and limited predictive biomarkers. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a systemic inflammation marker, has been proposed as a prognostic tool. This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline NLR and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced HCC treated with first-line immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 58 consecutive patients with advanced HCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab at a Latin American cancer center between July 2020 and March 2025. Baseline NLR was calculated from pretreatment blood counts and dichotomized using a cut-off of 4. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were applied to assess prognostic and predictive factors. The association between NLR and disease control rate (DCR) was evaluated using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 58 patients, 15 (28.8%) had NLR ≥ 4. Median PFS was significantly shorter in patients with NLR ≥ 4 compared to those with NLR < 4 (2.3 vs. 8.2 months; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, NLR ≥ 4 remained independently associated with inferior PFS (HR 3.90; 95% CI, 1.83-8.33; p < 0.001). NLR was not associated with OS. Patients with NLR ≥ 4 had markedly lower odds of achieving disease control (OR 0.04; 95% CI, 0.002-0.28; p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline NLR ≥ 4 is associated with inferior PFS and reduced DCR in patients with advanced HCC receiving immunotherapy. NLR may serve as a cost-effective predictive biomarker to inform immunotherapy strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Gastric Atrophy in Western and Northern European Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Eoghan Burke, Patricia Harkins, Mayilone Arumugasamy","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01291-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01291-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric atrophy (GA) is a pre-neoplastic condition leading to gastric cancer (GC). Early GA detection is critical for guiding surveillance and preventing advanced GC. Histology is the current gold standard for GA diagnosis, but is considered not cost-effective for routine screening in Western populations. Serological methods offer a potentially affordable alternative. Understanding GA prevalence, symptom impact, and optimal detection strategies in low-risk Western populations is essential before integrating GA screening into GC prevention programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed GA prevalence in Northern and Western European populations. Key outcomes included GA prevalence (any topographical distribution in the stomach and corpus-specific), effects of symptomatology on prevalence, and differences between serological and histological prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two cross-sectional studies (n = 62,520) were included; 13 used histology and 9 used serology. Overall GA prevalence of any topographical distribution was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7-18%). Histology-based studies reported 21% (95% CI 11-30%) versus 5% (95% CI 3-7%) by serology. Corpus-involving GA had a pooled prevalence of 6% (95% CI 4-9%), with histology detecting higher rates (10-15%) than serology (4-5%). In symptomatic populations, GA prevalence rose to 47%, compared to 6-10% in asymptomatic groups. Corpus GA reached 20% in symptomatic patients versus 6-8% in asymptomatic ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GA, especially corpus-involving GA, is more prevalent in Western and Northern European populations than previously thought. These findings suggest that screening for GA in these populations may be a viable route to increasing early GC detection rates and improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOLFIRINOX vs. Gemcitabine Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer: A Real-World Single-Center Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.","authors":"Arif Mohammed Khan, Vamshi Krishna Muddu, Naga Avinash Bonda, Indraja Siripurapu, Rimsha Ahmed, Safa Takreem, Syeda Sana Shahnoor, Sobia Noor, Sannapaneni Krishnaiah, G V Rao, D Nageshwar Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01287-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01287-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, with limited real-world data comparing frontline chemotherapy regimens across disease stages. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (G + P) are standard treatments with differing toxicity profiles and outcomes. This study evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of these regimens in metastatic, locally advanced (LAPC), and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 150 patients treated between October 2019 and November 2023 at a tertiary center in India. Patients received FOLFIRINOX (n = 64) or G + P (n = 86) as first-line therapy. Subgroup sizes included metastatic (n = 89), LAPC (n = 34), and BRPC (n = 27). Outcomes assessed included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), response rates, resectability, and toxicities. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used. Subgroup analyses were stratified by stage and CA 19-9 levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In metastatic disease, median OS was 11 months (FOLFIRINOX) vs. 10 months (G + P; HR = 1.26, p = 0.38); PFS was 6 months in both groups. In LAPC, OS was 15.5 vs. 17 months (p = 0.84). In BRPC, FOLFIRINOX showed superior OS (37 vs. 16 months; p = 0.02) and higher surgical conversion (66% vs. 39%). Grade ≥ 3 toxicities occurred in 45% (FOLFIRINOX) vs. 21% (G + P). Elevated CA 19-9 (> 37 U/mL) independently predicted worse OS (HR = 1.72; p = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOLFIRINOX and G + P have comparable efficacy in metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRINOX offers a survival benefit in BRPC but with higher toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with or without Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Ting Zheng, Xingxing Li, Li Zhou, Jianjiang Jin","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01273-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01273-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, there has been significant attention focused on neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy (NICT) for the treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In order to assess the efficacy and safety of this innovative combination in relation to traditional neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), we performed a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of the literature was performed across Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed, covering the period from their inception to May 2, 2025, to identify appropriate RCTs. The primary outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR), R0 resection rate, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). The adverse events (AEs) was identified as the secondary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of five RCTs involving 755 patients were included for the final analysis. The result showed that compared with the NCT group, the NICT group for resectable ESCC significantly improved pCR (RR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.64-3.84; P < 0.01) and MPR (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.16-2.88; P = 0.01). The pooled rates of pMR and MPR in the NICT group were significantly higher compared to the NCT group, with values of 23.2% versus 7.7% and 42.8% versus 25.8%. The R0 resection rate was comparable between the two groups (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; P = 0.63) with pooled rates observed to be 100% for the NICT group and 98.2% for the NCT group. However, only one phase III RCT reported survival outcomes that demonstrated improved 1-year EFS rate (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-1.00, P = 0.05) and 1-year OS rates (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.97, P = 0.037) in the NICT group. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in grade ≥ 3 TRAEs across the treatment strategies (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.80-1.32; P = 0.82), with pooled rates recorded at 34.4% for the NICT group and 33.1% for the NCT group. The pooled rates were observed to be 24.7% for all grade immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and 3.1% for grade ≥ 3 irAEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining ICIs with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant approach shows significant therapeutic promise in treating resectable ESCC, exhibiting favorable efficacy and acceptable safety profiles in the Chinese population. Nonetheless, more additional large-scale phase III RCTs are warranted for further validation of these preliminary outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sarcopenia on Patient Outcomes in Gastrointestinal Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Published Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Camilo Ramírez-Giraldo, Luis Carlos Venegas-Sanabria, Antonio Pesce, Alejandro González-Muñoz, Isabella Van-Londoño, Andrés Isaza-Restrepo","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01290-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01290-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal tumors represent a significant proportion of malignant neoplasms worldwide. Sarcopenia has emerged as a clinically relevant prognostic factor. Defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, sarcopenia has been associated with adverse outcomes in oncological patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an umbrella review of accumulated evidence to evaluate sarcopenia as a risk factor for major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) and overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-three studies were included. Among the 29 studies that reported major complications, 19 studies (65.51%) identified sarcopenia as a risk factor, while the others did not find a statistically significant difference in the overall effect. Strong evidence (Class II) indicated that sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of major complications (eOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.40-1.75). Conversely, 56 of the included studies reported overall survival as the primary outcome of interest, with 52 (92.85%) identifying sarcopenia as a risk factor for reduced survival. Strong evidence (Class II) supports that sarcopenia is linked to reduced survival (eOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.71-1.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This umbrella review of accumulated evidence demonstrates that sarcopenia is a highly suggestive risk factor for major postoperative complications and reduced overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Consequently, the identification of sarcopenia in this patient population should prompt the implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Analysis of the Differential Effects of Red Meat on Colorectal Cancer Risks: A Meta-Analytic Approach.","authors":"Jun Yu Woon, Gihani Vidanapathirana, Alfred K Lam, Vinod Gopalan","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01247-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-025-01247-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence in younger populations. Red meat consumption has been proposed as a risk factor for CRC, though the evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between the consumption of beef, pork, and lamb with CRC, colon cancer (CC), and rectal cancer (RC) risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The findings from 27 studies published between 1993 and 2024 were included, involving over 1 million participants from diverse geographical regions. Relative risks were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis, with subgroup and meta-regression analyses performed to assess potential sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Beef consumption was significantly associated with increased CRC risk, with a 30% overall risk increase (95% CI: 1.10-1.54). The association with colon cancer (CC) was marginally significant (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.99-1.43, p = 0.0585), while the link to rectal cancer (RC) was not statistically significant. Pork consumption was associated with a 17% increased CRC risk (95% CI: 1.09-1.25), with similar, nonsignificant trends for CC and RC. Lamb consumption was weakly associated with an 11% increase in CRC risk (95% CI: 1.02-1.21), though this was based on limited studies (n = 6), and no significant associations emerged for cancer subtypes. Study design and confounding factors influenced these associations, with case-control studies reporting stronger associations than cohort studies. Physical activity adjustments were pivotal, as studies without this adjustment consistently reported higher-risk estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasise the importance of accounting several lifestyle factors in future research and public health guidance. While these results support current dietary guidelines recommending limited red meat consumption, they also underscore the complexity of diet-cancer relationships and the need for comprehensive, lifestyle-inclusive cancer prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallbladder Cancer and Peritoneal Metastasis: Is there any role of Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and/or Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC)? A Narrative Review.","authors":"Kailash Chand Kurdia, Vinay Kumar Kapoor","doi":"10.1007/s12029-025-01294-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-025-01294-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer (BTC) worldwide-the majority of GBC patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Peritoneum is one of the most common sites of metastasis in GBC and the most frequent site for recurrence after resection of both non-incidental and incidental GBC (iGBC). Ovarian, colorectal, and gastric cancers also commonly metastasise to the peritoneum, and the role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in the form of peritonectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedures is well-documented for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis (PM) or peritoneal dissemination or carcinomatosis in these malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We found ten reports (including five single case reports) of CRS + HIPEC in GBC + PM-both iGBC and non-iGBC. The number of patients ranged from as small as 3-5 to as many as 80. Major morbidity was uncommon; median survival ranged from 7 to 22 months, with 3-year survival around 20-30%. Three reports, including 1, 22, and 35 patients, showed the benefit of prophylactic HIPEC in selected patients with advanced GBC at high risk of developing PM during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRS and/or HIPEC may have a role in the management of PM in GBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}