Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

{"title":"Microscopic evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on platelet-rich fibrin: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Sruthi Kallayil Suresh, Girija Venkatesh Arishinagodi, Mallanagouda B Patil","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_534_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_534_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) serves as a natural fibrin-based biomaterial scaffold, facilitating cellular attachment. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may influence PRF properties through its stimulatory effects.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on PRF architectural changes and platelet concentrate values.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-four samples from seventeen subjects were included in the study, with 20 mL of blood collected from each participant. Blood was distributed into two 10 mL vacutainer tubes: one served as a control for baseline platelet and leukocyte counts, whereas the other was used for PRF preparation. The PRF samples were vertically cut into two equal parts and divided into two groups: Group I (without laser treatment) and Group II (treated with LLLT). Histological preparations were performed for all samples. The mean and standard deviation of platelet and leukocyte counts in Groups I and II were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and <i>post hoc</i> tests were employed for comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Platelet and leukocyte values showed statistically significant differences, with greater cellular entrapment in Group II compared to Group I. The residual serum cell count in both groups was lower than the whole blood cell count. Microscopically, Group I displayed dense, thick fibrils with increased spacing distally, whereas Group II exhibited thinner fibrils with gradual density changes toward the distal end.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRF obtained in both groups was similar in size. Laser irradiation altered the fibrin architecture and enhanced platelet and leukocyte entrapment in PRF.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"529-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in periodontal health and disease.","authors":"Priyanka Pampani, Santhosh Shenoy, Raghavendra Vamsi Anegundi, Magesh Kumar Shekar, Kalaiselvan Dharani, Lubna Fathima","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_198_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_198_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to estimate and compare salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels in periodontal health and disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 150 patients were selected based on selection criteria. The selected patients underwent complete periodontal examination and were categorized into three groups - Group A, Group B, and Group C. Group A (control group) consisted of 50 patients with healthy subjects. Group B (gingivitis group) consists of 50 patients with gingivitis. Group C (periodontitis group) consists of 50 patients with Stage II/III periodontitis. Gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were measured and recorded. The unstimulated whole saliva was collected and sent for biochemical analysis using colorimetric and modified Arsenazo III method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistical comparison of salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels was analyzed among the three groups by a one-way Analysis of Variance test. Tukey <i>Post hoc</i> test was used for pair-wise statistical comparison among the groups. Salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium levels between the groups showed a statistically significant difference with <i>P</i> < 0.001. <i>P</i> value was statistically higher when Group A (healthy group) compared with Group C (periodontitis) than Group A (healthy group) compared with Group B (gingivitis).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitation of the current study, there was an increase in Group C (periodontitis group) concentration levels of salivary sodium, potassium, and calcium ions, which showed a statistically significant difference. However, additional studies are necessary to investigate these findings, and future periodontal research should include larger sample sizes with prospective and experimental study designs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The assessment of these inorganic ions can be effectively utilized as a significant diagnostic marker of active disease in periodontal tissues. It would help the clinician identify the risk of developing periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"569-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of platelet-rich fibrin and titanium platelet-rich fibrin with and without incorporation of antibiotics on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"A Jhansi, Sandhya Pavankumar Yellarthi, Raja V Murthy","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_202_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_202_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection control is of paramount importance after any periodontal therapy to achieve proper wound healing and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Clinicians continuously strive to provide procedures and/or materials that allow for enhanced and rapid wound healing. The regenerative potential of platelet concentrates like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been explored for their anti-inflammatory action and liberation of growth factors; however, research is lacking on the antibacterial properties of platelet-rich gels. The present <i>in vitro</i> study was done to assess the antimicrobial activity of PRF and titanium PRF (T-PRF) alone or with antibiotics on periodontal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-three individuals who were willing to donate blood (12 ml) were included in the study. Amoxicillin (AMOX) + metronidazole (METRO) combination or clindamycin (CLINDA) was incorporated into the blood drawn, and this blood was subjected to centrifugation so as to obtain T-PRF and PRF with antibiotics. The antibacterial activity of all the groups was tested on both bacteria that were cultured in their respective media for up to a 4-day period. The data were subjected to independent <i>t</i>-test, Tukey <i>post hoc</i> test, repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA), and ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All individual parameters were compared for antimicrobial activity on both bacteria on all 4 days. A highly statistical difference (<i>P</i> = 0.0001) was observed in all the groups, with the highest inhibition zone produced by PRF-CLINDA, followed by T-PRF-CLINDA. Antimicrobial activity was evident for the observed 4-day period, which declined from day 1 to day 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T-PRF/PRF with and without antibiotics exhibited antimicrobial activity on <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> over the observed 4-day period.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"563-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical reconstruction of invasive external cervical root resorption with perforation and associated periodontal defect using novel bioceramic materials and cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic adjunct- A case report.","authors":"Vikrant Thakur, Shweta Verma, Munish Goel, Vijay Kumar, Baljeet Singh","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_207_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_207_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tooth resorption; both internal and external, occasionally occurs as an inflammatory response of the dentoalveolar apparatus to infection. Depending on the type of resorption, etiology, and the stage at which root resorption defect is detected, different treatment regimens have been proposed. This case report demonstrates the management of extensive inflammatory combined internal and external root resorption by nonsurgical endodontic therapy using a Bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS) and surgical reconstruction of resorptive defect using Biodentine. On follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, clinical and radiographic evidence revealed signs of periapical healing, arrested root resorption, and periodontal reattachment. The inclusion of cone beam computed tomography plays a crucial role in diagnosis, decision-making, and treatment planning and thus successful management of such cases having Endodontic-Periodontal involvement. As supported by clinical and radiographic findings at 12-month follow-up, treatment of cases with extensive root resorption and associated involvement of periodontium can be successfully done using bioceramic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"591-595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of palatal-nasal recess of maxillary sinus in dentulous and edentulous subjects.","authors":"Akriti Mishra, Avaneendra Talwar, Renita Castelino","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_496_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_496_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Implant placement in the posterior maxilla is challenging in the case of maxillary sinus pneumatization. Increasing the vertical dimension by grafting the sinus floor is a common surgical modality. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are used to assess the presurgical anatomic variations of the maxillary sinus and determine the difficulty that might be encountered while performing sinus elevation. The sinus membrane is elevated from both the lateral and mesial walls of the sinus. The location and angulation of the palatal-nasal recess (PNR) on the medial wall of the sinus could complicate the elevation of the sinus membrane in this region. This study aimed to assess the angulation of the PNR and its position with respect to the alveolar crest in dentulous and edentulous subjects in the 1^st molar region on CBCT scans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and fifty-two scans were selected from the department database. Sagittal sections including the 1^st molar region were selected and measurements made. The PNR height was measured from the alveolar crest in millimeters and angulation in degrees and compared between the dentulous and edentulous groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dentulous group showed a statistically significant greater distance (10.4 ± 2.8 mm) between the alveolar crest and PNR as compared to the edentulous group (8.08 ± 3.1 mm). The edentulous group showed a statistically significant greater PNR angle (139.6^o ± 13.6^o) as compared to the dentulous group (133.4^o ± 16.4^o).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maxillary sinuses with acute-angled PNR and lesser distance from the alveolar crest should be carefully evaluated to avoid complications such as membrane perforation during their elevation from the bony wall of the sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"533-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of novel magnesium oxide nanoparticle-impregnated chitosan-based guided tissue regeneration membrane - An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Johnisha Harris, Kaarthikeyan Gurumoorthy","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_554_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_554_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although a lot of commercially available guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are used, none of them could actually ensure complete bone regeneration so far and they also have certain limitations. This study aims to explore further and develop a membrane that might overcome these limitations and aid in bone regeneration for the treatment of bony defects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) were prepared from magnesium nitrate prepared by calcination at different temperatures and dried using filter paper under specific temperature. Later, 0.3 ml of 0.2 M 1% acetic acid was added to water and placed in the stirrer for at least 1 h. Chitosan (CS) (2%) of two different concentrations containing 0.588 g and 0.576 g of CS, respectively, was prepared and added to the previous mixture. To these concentrations, the prepared MgONPs were added and stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Later, it was cast in the mold and dried. The prepared membrane was immersed in 1 M sodium hydroxide to neutralize acetic acid. After preparation, they were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In SEM analysis, spherical in size, uniformly dense, and porous agglomeration was noticed. EDAX and FTIR revealed the formation of MgONPs (magnesium oxide) in the membrane. The average contact angles of the CS with MgONPs and control membranes were 85.48° and 80.80°, respectively. Degradation analysis showed that test membrane showed a slower degradation rate than control collagen membrane at the end of the 28^th day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On comparing membranes with pure CS, membranes with nanoparticles, and control collagen membranes, the membrane incorporated with nanoparticles showed more favorable positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"522-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian Society of Periodontology Scientific Events.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_32_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_32_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"596-598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The menace of overusage of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance - Are we heading towards the disaster??","authors":"Baljeet Singh","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_19_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_19_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"505-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the donor site healing following free gingival graft procedure with and without topically applied ozonated oil as wound dressing.","authors":"Kalaiselvan Dharani, P T Priyangha","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_144_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_144_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to compare and assess the wound healing efficacy of topically applied ozonated oil in palatal wounds following a free gingival graft (FGG) procedure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 10 patients were selected and randomly assigned to control or test groups. FGG surgery was carried out on all the patients. In the test group, the patients received ozonated oil of 14 μg/mL concentration at the donor site. In the control group, the patients were not treated with ozonated oil and received only stent at the donor site. The primary outcomes calculated were postoperative pain (Visual Analog Scale) and wound healing index (Landry <i>et al</i>.), and the secondary outcome calculated was wound size for up to 28 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 individuals completed the study. A statistically significant reduction was observed in both primary and secondary outcomes. Statistically significant differences were noted in intergroup comparison at 5^th, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, and 28^th day with a mean difference of -3.200 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), -2.200 (<i>P</i> = 0.018), -1.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.027), -1.800 (<i>P</i> = 0.037), and 2.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), respectively. In intragroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the index scores in the groups on the 5^th and 7^th day, and a significant improvement in healing was observed in both the groups by time from the 14^th to 28^th day. In intergroup comparison, statistically significant differences were noted on the 5^th, 7^th, 21^st, and 28^th days with a mean difference of 1.400 (<i>P</i> = 0.005), 1.400 (<i>P</i> = 0.005), 1.000 (<i>P</i> = 0.020), and 1.400 (<i>P</i> = 0.002), respectively. Statistically significant reduction in coronal-apical dimension of wound size was noted at the 5^th, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, and 28^th day from baseline with a mean difference of -1.400 (<i>P</i> = 0.002), -1.200 (<i>P</i> = 0.040), -1.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), -2.200 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001), and -1.800 (<i>P</i> = 0.007), respectively. There was no statistically significant reduction in the mesiodistal dimension of wound size on the 5^th and 7^th day with a mean difference of - 0.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.174) and - 0.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.208). Significant differences were noted on the 14^th, 21^st, and 28^th days from day 0 with a mean of - 1.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.019), -2.600 (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and -2.200 (<i>P</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that topical ozonated oil application on palatal wounds following FGG harvesting enhances tissue healing in terms of epithelialization and wound size reduction and also reduces postoperative discomfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"575-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galectin-3 as a biomarker for periodontal disease severity in postcoronavirus disease 2019 patients: A clinical and biochemical investigation.","authors":"Nimisha Mithradas, Uma Sudhakar, Vijayalakshmi Rajaram, Shankar Ram, Navina Ravindran","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and periodontitis has been interesting. Understanding this connection is crucial for comprehensive patient care and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing oral health issues in an individual's post-COVID-19 recovery. This study compared and evaluated the serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels and clinical parameters in healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis with no history of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients with periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Group I consists of 25 post-COVID-19 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis, 25 patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis without any history of COVID-19 (Group II), and 25 healthy controls (Group III) were recruited for the study. Gal-3 levels in serum were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical periodontal variables were measured and recorded, including clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Data analyses were done using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey's honest significant difference <i>post hoc</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group I patients had a higher serum Gal-3 concentrations of 14.757 ng/ml compared to 11.127 ng/ml and 8.673 ng/ml in Group II and Group III, respectively, and the mean difference in Gal-3 levels was statistically significant with <i>P</i> = 0.000. The mean PPD, CAL, and PI were significantly high in Groups I and II compared to Groups II and III with <i>P</i> = 0.000.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study's findings demonstrated that periodontitis patients and individuals with post-COVID-19 and periodontitis had increased Gal-3 levels in the serum compared to healthy participants. This study highlights the relevance of treating periodontitis during the post-COVID-19/long-COVID era and the need to maintain oral hygiene by identifying possible biomarkers and understanding specific underlying processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"28 5","pages":"551-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}