Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

{"title":"Non surgical periodontal therapy reduces gingival crevicular fluid adipocytokines and improves the clinical outcomes in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dax Abraham, Aakansha Puri, Mrinalini Mrinalini, Ruchi Pandey, Alpa Gupta, Rajeev Kumar Malhotra","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_230_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_230_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are linked through shared inflammatory pathways. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) adipocytokines and periodontal clinical outcomes in patients with CP and controlled type 2 DM (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched from 1980 to 2023 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020, with <i>a priori</i> registration in PROSPERO (CRD42023450510). Eligible randomized, controlled, and observational studies evaluated GCF adipocytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after NSPT. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using RoB 2 and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions, and certainty of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Seven studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and pooled effects were estimated using random-effects models (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) with standardized mean change and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NSPT significantly reduced GCF adipocytokine levels in CP patients with T2DM and significantly improved periodontal clinical parameters. No significant change in adipocytokines was observed in patients with CP without diabetes, for whom comparator data were available. Although the direction of effect was consistently favorable, the evidence base was limited by small sample sizes and methodological weaknesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NSPT may improve both inflammatory biomarker profiles and periodontal status in patients with CP and controlled T2DM. Adipocytokines may serve as useful biomarkers of periodontal treatment response, but the current evidence is of low certainty and should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Reduction of GCF adipocytokines after NSPT, together with improved periodontal indices, may provide a quantitative biomarker-based approach for monitoring treatment response. The observed adipocytokine shifts also suggest a potential pathway through which periodontal care may contribute to improved glycemic control, underscoring systemic benefits of periodontal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"179-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision periodontology through periodontal endophenotyping: A narrative review.","authors":"Tushar Khanna, Rajinder Kumar Bansal, Saurabh Gupta, Saru Dhir Gupta, Poonam Bogra, Anoop Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_22_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_22_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is influenced by microbial, immunological, genetic, and systemic factors. The 2017 World Workshop staging and grading framework has improved clinical categorization. However, it does not consider underlying biological diversity among patients with similar clinical presentations. In psychiatry, endocrinology, and pulmonology, the concept of endophenotypes connects genotype, environmental factors, and clinical outcome. Evidence from periodontology suggests that genetic and epigenetic variation, local microbiology, immunoinflammatory responses, chronic systemic conditions, and behavioral factors form biologically distinct subgroups. This review aims to provide current evidence that supports the concept of periodontal endophenotypes and discusses their role in diagnostics, risk assessment, and precision therapy. Standardized markers are yet to be established. This paper seeks to identify current gaps in understanding and outline future directions for research in precision periodontology. The findings could pave the way for more personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles. By addressing these gaps, researchers may enhance the effectiveness of interventions and improve overall patient outcomes in periodontal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and comparison of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 and S100A8 levels in reverse smokers, smokers, and non-smokers with periodontitis.","authors":"Shama Konidala, Sandhya Pavankumar, Rama Rao Malla, Durga Bhavani Kundrapu, Trinath Kishore Damera, Shiva Shankar Gummaluri","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_177_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_177_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing periodontitis using traditional methods can reflect past tissue destruction and not indicate the active disease. This highlights the need for accurate and specific diagnostic methods that assess the current disease activity more accurately. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and association of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and S100A8 levels with periodontitis among reverse smokers, smokers, and nonsmokers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirteen milliliters of saliva sample were collected from 100 participants, 25 each of reverse smokers with periodontitis (RS + P), smokers with periodontitis (S + P), nonsmokers with periodontitis (NS + P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HI). Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were measured and correlated with the levels of MMP-9 and S100A8, which were tested by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of both biomarkers were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in reverse smokers with periodontitis than in other groups. Both MMP-9 and S100A8 had a sensitivity of 91.7% for detecting periodontitis, demonstrating equal sensitivity. The specificity was slightly higher for MMP-9 (41.7%) when compared to S100A8 (38.9%). These markers increased with the severity of periodontal disease; however, a significant (<i>P</i> = 0.001) increase was observed only with salivary S100A8.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within limitations, salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 may be possible biomarkers for smokers (especially reverse smokers) with periodontitis and have a good screening potential for periodontitis. However, more studies are essential to understand the prognostic value of salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 for periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"290-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs: A case-control study.","authors":"Yasamin Barakian, Elham Keykha, Hamed Rahimi, Mohammad Aghaali, Zahra-Sadat Mortazavi","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_283_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_283_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>According to the World Health Organization, periodontitis is the sixth most common disease in humans. Some evidence has pointed out that a relationship exists between periodontal disease and some systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. Given that cardiovascular events are predicted to be one of the leading causes of death by 2030, we decided to investigate the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and carotid artery calcification (CAC) on panoramic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 132 individuals (66 CAC + and 66 CAC-) were included in this case-control study. Panoramic radiographs of the patients were evaluated. Patients aged 30 years or older, who were dentate, who were suffering from periodontitis, and who did not have any systemic diseases or potential risk factors affecting CAC were included in the study. Clinical and radiographic assessments were used to determine the severity and activity of periodontitis (bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, tooth loss, and alveolar bone loss).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among CAC + individuals, 20 people had unilateral lesions and 46 had bilateral lesions; comparison of the severity of periodontitis showed no significance between them. The severity of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the CAC + individuals compared to the CAC - individuals (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the body mass index values were considerably higher in CAC - individuals (<i>P</i> = 0.032). There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, smoking, alveolar bone loss, and number of lost teeth between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study showed a significant correlation between the severity of periodontitis and CAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 biomarker in the diagnosis of gingival lymphangioma: A case report of a geriatric patient.","authors":"Anchal Varshney, Manish Bhargava, Kapila Chakarvarty, Kumar Rakshak Anand, Pratijya Raj","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_3_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_3_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphangiomas are hamartomatous tumors of lymphatic vessels that are benign in nature. This developmental deformity results from sequestration of lymphatic tissue, which is separated from the rest of the lymphatic system. Lymphangiomas most commonly occur in the head and neck region, representing nearly 75% of all cases, with about half of the lesions being present at birth. Lymphangioma of the gingiva presents as asymptomatic gingival growth. Histopathologically, it consists of numerous dilated lymphatics, lined by thin endothelial cells, and the spaces contain proteinaceous fluid, i.e. lymph. Surgical excision is considered the preferred treatment modality. In addition to highlighting the usefulness of immunohistochemical labeling of D2-40, a lymphatic endothelium marker, to distinguish the endothelial lining of lymphatic vessels from that of blood vessels, the authors describe a rare case of gingival lymphangioma in a 74-year-old male patient. Even though lymphangiomas in the oral cavity are uncommon, doctors should take them into consideration in order to start treatment as soon as possible and prevent consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"320-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISP mid-year: Moments, milestones and momentum.","authors":"Ashish Jain","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_282_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_282_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"177-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian Society of Periodontology Scientific Events.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_307_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_307_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"342-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of stress distribution around conventional and basal dental implants in the posterior mandible: A finite element study.","authors":"Gayathri N Meikandan, D Jayachandran, G Jayaprakash, R Saranyan, Priya Kesavan, V M Deepa","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_131_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_131_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental implants have become a widely accepted solution for the replacement of missing teeth, offering functional and esthetic benefits. The long-term success of dental implants largely depends on the distribution of stresses in the surrounding bone, as excessive stress can lead to bone resorption and implant failure. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful tool that allows for the simulation of mechanical behavior under functional loading, providing insights into stress patterns and implant performance in various anatomical and prosthetic configurations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to analyze stress distribution around conventional and basal dental implants placed in the posterior region of the mandible using FEA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The finite element model simulated a partially edentulous posterior mandibular segment where the mandibular second premolar and first molar were missing. Two dental implants were placed in the posterior mandible to simulate clinical rehabilitation of this region. Three-dimensional models were developed using cone beam computed tomography scans, and FEA was performed with ANSYS Workbench 18.1. Two models were analyzed: Model 1: conventional implant (4.1 mm × 8 mm) in 10-mm residual bone height and Model 2: basal implant (3.5 mm × 16 mm) in 8-mm residual bone height. Stress distribution was assessed under masticatory loading conditions to evaluate implant stability and stress accumulation in surrounding bone structures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study was designed as a comparative FEA evaluating stress distribution between conventional and basal implant systems placed in the posterior mandible under identical loading conditions. Model 2 (basal implant) exhibited greater deflection (13 μm), which may compromise implant stability. Model 1 (conventional implant) demonstrated higher stress accumulation in the cortical bone (34.71 MPa).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present FEA demonstrates that although basal implants showed slightly lower crestal bone stress, the increased deformation observed may influence long-term biomechanical stability under functional loading conditions. Hence, Model 1 (conventional implant) is the preferred choice for clinical applications, offering better stability and longevity compared to Model 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"309-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free gingival groove as a landmark for anatomical crown length in altered passive eruption.","authors":"Chayapha Namkeeree, Nicha Samniangdung, Puntha Panchasarp, Phattaranant Mahasantipiya, Teerat Sawangpanyangkura","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_93_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_93_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in patients with altered passive eruption (APE) can be challenging during esthetic crown lengthening. The free gingival groove (FGG) may serve as a useful landmark for estimating CEJ position. This study evaluated the agreement between FGG and surgically identified CEJ, and explored additional photographic variables for CEJ prediction when FGG was not clearly identifiable.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed presurgical and flap-reflected intraoral photographs of teeth 13-23 from 48 patients with APE who underwent esthetic crown lengthening at a university periodontal clinic. Proportion-based measurements were obtained in ImageJ by a calibrated examiner. The percentage of crown width to the distance from the incisal edge to the FGG (%WIFR) was measured on presurgical photographs, and the percentage of crown width to anatomical crown length (%WALR) was measured on flap-reflected photographs as the reference for CEJ position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>%WIFR showed strong agreement with %WALR across all teeth (<i>R</i> ² = 0.941, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The association was weakest in lateral incisors compared with central incisors and canines. Type I subgroup B showed evidence of effect modification of the %WIFR-%WALR relationship. When FGG was not clearly identifiable, a stepwise regression model incorporating other photographic variables provided a prediction of %WALR (<i>R</i> ² = 0.824, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standardized intraoral photographs can support clinically applicable CEJ estimation in APE, using the FGG as the primary landmark and a proportion-based prediction model as an alternative approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Rubia cordifolia</i> as an antimicrobial agent against periodontal pathogens - An <i>in vitro</i> microbiological study.","authors":"Swapna Shivasharan Gore, Pranjali Girish Mandurkar","doi":"10.4103/jisp.jisp_164_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_164_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensive research on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants for periodontal therapy has been conducted over the past decades. The gradual increase in antibiotic resistance necessitates research for new antimicrobial compounds. <i>Rubia cordifolia</i> has exhibited reassuring antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, no study has yet evaluated its therapeutic potential in periodontal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to design, formulate, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of <i>R. cordifolia</i> root extract against periodontal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Extract of the roots of <i>R. cordifolia</i> was prepared using cold maceration and methanol extraction. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curve (TKC) analysis of <i>R. cordifolia</i> extract were assessed against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (Pg), <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (Fn), and <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, where chlorhexidine was utilized as a control drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC value for Fn was 0.8 μg/mL, representing the lowest value observed, whereas Pg exhibited the highest MIC value at 6.25 μg/mL. The MBC values ranged from 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL. The TKC revealed a kill time of 2 h for all tested organisms except Pg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methanolic extract derived from the roots of <i>R. cordifolia</i> demonstrated bactericidal effects against keystone pathogens associated with periodontitis. Consequently, there is a critical requirement of additional clinical studies to assess its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology","volume":"30 2","pages":"302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}