Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Slow Strike-Slip Faulting in a Hyper-Arid Landscape: Assessing the Geomorphic Response to the Salar Grande Fault, Atacama Desert, Chile","authors":"T. F. Aránguiz-Rago,&nbsp;A. R. Duvall,&nbsp;B. W. Crowell,&nbsp;S. T. Henderson,&nbsp;D. A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geomorphic features near strike-slip faults, including offset channels, have long been used in paleoseismology. Recent numerical models suggest that slip rate information can also be expressed far upstream of faults as catchments respond to stream lengthening and shortening due to stream captures along the fault. Slow-moving faults show dynamic catchment-wide responses with migrating ridges and changing basins, whereas fast faults have more stable basins and distinct topography near and far from faults. Such patterns hold promise for revealing slip rate and geomorphic process information but have yet to be tested in end-member slip rate and climate environments. In this study, we examine the Salar Grande Fault (SGF) in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert. We use InSAR to provide a first quantitative estimate of slip rate for the SGF of 0.2–0.6 mm/yr. We then analyze topographic profiles parallel to the fault, located near and far from it (Profile Relief Ratio (PRR)) and cross-divide metrics on fault-perpendicular ridgelines as proxies for ridge mobility and relative slip rate. Our results show that the hillslopes and channels respond to slow strike-slip faulting, even in a hyper-arid environment. However, the low erosion conditions do diminish the magnitude of the landscape response, yielding a PRR value indicative of a relatively faster-moving fault. These findings improve our understanding of the geomorphic response to strike-slip faulting and emphasize the importance of considering climatic and erosive conditions when assessing relative slip rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Longitudinal and Transverse Advection and Dispersion of Bed Load Pulses Induced by a Local Sediment Surplus","authors":"Kevin Reiterer,&nbsp;Thomas Gold,&nbsp;Christoph Hauer,&nbsp;Helmut Habersack,&nbsp;Christine Sindelar","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007986","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local sediment surplus can originate from various endogenous and exogenous sources and generally forms sediment pulses that propagate downstream and spread in transverse and longitudinal direction. Despite the enormous relevance in natural and anthropogenically influenced river systems, only a few studies deal with the advection and dispersion of local surplus. By the use of physical scale model tests and an image-based, non-invasive measurement technique, the two-dimensional advection and dispersion characteristics of installed sediment deposits on pulse-scale were investigated. In addition to the qualitative analysis of the erosion process, quantitative transport and spreading parameters are determined. These parameters are further used to assess the experimental results and to model the dispersion based on the two-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (2D-ADE). The present results show that the advection and dispersion properties of a local sediment surplus are strongly influenced by the local stream constriction and the associated 3D flow phenomena. Therefore, unlike transport at dynamic equilibrium, advective pulse slowdown is most likely associated with a continuous decrease of the blocking ratio rather than with the burial and trapping of bed load particles. The presented 2D-ADE based model is capable to reproduce shape, magnitude and extent of the propagating sediment pulses. In closing, the insights gained from this laboratory study help to better understand the underlying processes and the introduced modeling approach provides a suitable tool for assessing the transport and spreading of a local sediment surplus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Surface Mass Balance of Debris-Covered Glacier Tongues","authors":"P. D. A. Kraaijenbrink,&nbsp;W. W. Immerzeel","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007935","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Himalayan glaciers often have a supraglacial debris layer that causes spatial heterogeneity in surface changes and mostly reduces melt. Despite this, debris-covered glaciers lose mass at similar rates to debris-free glaciers. Understanding related processes is crucial for assessing impacts on water resources and hazards. This study assesses the spatiotemporal variability of surface changes in debris-covered glaciers by analyzing (parts of) two distinctly different Himalayan glaciers, Lirung Glacier and Langtang Glacier, over 2013–2018 using high-resolution uncrewed aerial system data. Derived multi-annual surface mass balances across the debris-covered tongues had reduced spatial variability compared to (sub) annual surface changes, likely due to topographic feedbacks in surface processes, while at supraglacial ice cliffs both melt amplification and dampening was observed, with an overall net negative effect on mass balance. Increased melting due to higher cliff abundance contributed to the equal surface mass balances between the tongues, despite differences in elevation and air temperatures. Additionally, cliff abundance increased sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, leading to greater surface mass balance variability. In response to the Gorkha Earthquake of April 2015, Langtang Glacier exhibited higher sensitivity of the ice influx, suggesting it has potential sensitivity to climate change. In contrast to Langtang Glacier, which showed no retreat, Lirung Glacier experienced an anomalously fast retreat of a terminal ice cliff, substantially impacting its mass balance. The spatiotemporal response revealed by this study reiterates the significant role of ice cliffs in debris-covered glacier surface mass balance, emphasizing the need for their accurate representation in impact studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Channel Bank-Height Adjustments and Flood Frequency Trends in a Dynamic Channel-Levee Evolution Model","authors":"J. Han,&nbsp;W. Kim,&nbsp;D. A. Edmonds","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural levees form through sediment delivery from channels, dispersal onto floodplains, and storage at channel margins. When levees breach, they release water and sediment onto the floodplain, occasionally causing river avulsions. Despite their significance, levee growth remains poorly understood, and no existing models capture the dynamic channel-levee evolution systems. A common assumption is that levee and channel bed aggradation rates are coupled or equal; however, this cannot be true because levees do not accumulate everywhere along aggrading channel belts. Using a one-dimensional numerical model, we investigate levee growth decoupled from channel bed aggradation under flood scenarios wherein the flooded level: (a) exceeds the levee crest height (i.e., front loading); or (b) is lower than the levee crest partially inundating distal levee deposits (i.e., back loading). Front loading events initially aggrade the levee crest, which confines the channel, increases bankfull depth, and reduces flooding. During confinement, levee growth restricts flooding, and minor back loading events are more common. Over this period, the channel bed aggrades until bankfull depth decreases sufficiently to trigger larger floods. This channel-releasing process increases flood likelihood and enhances overbank accumulation, promoting front loading and re-confining the channel. Our findings suggest aggradational channels may experience confined-release phases characterized by episodic levee growth and fluctuating bankfull depth. Rapid in-channel aggradation increases flood frequency and variability with more confined-release cycles. These results imply that river avulsions and associated floods might preferentially occur when the channel bed aggrades faster than adjacent levees, whereby the channel becomes shallower and destabilized.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF008137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limits of Fluvial Relief in the Northern Andes","authors":"N. Pérez-Consuegra,&nbsp;R. F. Ott,&nbsp;G. D. Hoke,&nbsp;H. Garcia-Delgado,&nbsp;J. R. Sandoval","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007763","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The eastern flank of the tropical Northern Andes (0.5–3.5°N) is characterized by variations in tectonic style due to strain partitioning, and thus an ideal setting to explore how along-strike differences in rock uplift rate scale with relief and elevation. Here we quantify erosion and topography and their relationship along the Eastern Cordillera using new cosmogenic nuclide data, previously published thermochronology data, and topographic metrics. We found higher median cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rates along the southern and northern sections of the study area (∼600 m/Myr) compared to the central part (∼140 m/Myr). The same trend is observed in erosion rates derived from thermochronology data, with values of 360 m/Myr in the south and north, and 160 m/Myr in the central zone, indicating that erosion patterns have remained constant since at least Pliocene times. Spatial variations in erosion rate correspond to changes in structural style due to strain partitioning; high erosion rates in the north and south are associated with dominant reverse faulting, while lower erosion rates in the central region coincide with dominant strike-slip deformation. Cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates and channel steepness follow a power law relationship with a slope exponent <i>n</i> = 2.2—corresponding to a high sensitivity of erosion to channel steepness. This nonlinear-scaling between erosion and topography derived from local erosion data is consistent with along-orogen differences in channel steepness index, fluvial relief, and maximum elevation. Erosion rates in the northern and southern zones are ∼4.3 times higher than those in the central zone, but topographic metrics such as channel steepness, maximum elevation and fluvial relief are only ∼1.2–1.8x greater. This suggests that high sensitivity of erosion to channel steepness, likely caused by incision thresholds combined with steady river discharge, limits along-orogen differences in relief along the Northern Andes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-Scale Dynamics of Alluvial Cover in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial River","authors":"Mel Oliveira Guirro,&nbsp;Rebecca Hodge,&nbsp;Fiona Clubb,&nbsp;Laura Turnbull","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited understanding of how sediment cover varies spatially in mixed bedrock-alluvial river networks inhibits our comprehension of erosion processes in these systems. This study investigates the complex interactions between channel and sediment properties that control the extent, spatial distribution, and connectivity of alluvial cover in mixed bedrock-alluvial river networks. Employing a combination of field data, sediment transport modeling, and connectivity analysis, this study aims to understand the key drivers influencing sediment cover patterns at the network scale. Sediment transport simulations using the NetworkSedimentTransporter model explored how varying initial fluvial and channel parameters affect the steady-state alluvial cover across the River Carron network in the Scottish Highlands. The results demonstrate that increased initial sediment cover, increased sediment supply, and larger grains increased the extent and connectivity of alluvial sections, whereas deeper flow reduced them. In supply-limited conditions, the spatial distribution of alluvial cover is most sensitive to slope, while in transport-limited conditions, sediment supply and grain size become more critical. Even at high sediment supply rates, not all reaches achieved full alluviation, suggesting inherent limitations in sediment distribution. Additionally, channel slope was the most significant factor controlling the directional growth of alluvial sections. These findings contribute to the limited research on the controls of alluvial cover at the network scale, thereby improving our understanding of landscape evolution, river management, and habitat conservation of mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Coral Records of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in Seawater Driven by Submarine Groundwater Discharge in a Basalt Island: A Case Study in the Northern South China Sea","authors":"Tingwu Gu,&nbsp;Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Yansong Han,&nbsp;Chunmei Feng,&nbsp;Ning Guo,&nbsp;Caifeng Liu,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Kefu Yu","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are widely employed as tracers for oceanic geochemical processes, which require a thorough understanding of their sources, sinks, and drivers of variability in the marine environment. However, significant uncertainties exist in the marine REY cycle, the so-called “missing Nd flux,” particularly regarding the contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and basalt weathering in volcanic islands. Here, we present a 10-year record of monthly <i>Porites</i> coral REY parameters from Weizhou Island, a volcanic island built up underwater from basalt eruptions during the Quaternary, to investigate the sources and seasonal characteristics of surface seawater REY. Results demonstrate a robust seasonal cycle in the coral Y/Ho ratios, exhibiting a strong correlation with the rainfall-controlled SGD on monthly timescales and East Asian Summer Monsoon on interannual timescales, both of which are associated with basalt weathering. Combined with multiple climatic and environmental data, we find that coral Nd_N/Yb_N ratios may be mainly controlled by precipitation associated with SGD and the adsorption-desorption processes of marine biogenic particles, whereas coral REY/Ca ratios are influenced by the remobilization of sediment driven by winter monsoon. Our research suggests that the high coral Y/Ho ratios may be primarily influenced by basalt weathering during the wet season, when SGD from the island is the chief source of REY to the coastal waters. This study provides new insights into the sources and characteristics of marine REY in volcanic islands, highlighting the potential for SGD-driven REY fluxes from basaltic islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Wildfire Soil Properties Changes: Insights Into Hillslope Erosion After the March 2024 Yajiang Fire","authors":"Yonghao Zhou,&nbsp;Kun He,&nbsp;Xiewen Hu,&nbsp;Xueqiang Gong,&nbsp;Tao Jin,&nbsp;Zhanglei Wu,&nbsp;Yutian Zhong","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil property changes influence material transport from hillslopes to channels after the wildfire and may indirectly trigger debris flow initiation. This study investigates post-fire soil property evolution and its role in hillslope erosion following the 15 March 2024 Yajiang Fire, integrating field measurements with laboratory simulations to quantify temperature- and duration-dependent soil changes and their controls. Results demonstrate that wildfire-driven soil organic matter alteration is governed predominantly by peak heating temperature and not exposure duration. Post-fire soil profiles are stratified into three thermal impact zones: (a) a high-temperature zone (&gt;600°C), characterized by complete organic matter combustion; (b) a water-repellent (WR) zone (100–600°C), subdivided into a highly WR layer, an aggregate stability (AS)-enhancement layer, and a low WR layer; and (c) an unaffected zone (&lt;100°C). The high-temperature zone and highly WR layer, mobilized by wind and gravity, accumulate in channels as dry ravel deposits, forming the primary source of immediate post-fire debris flows. The AS-enhancement layer, exhibiting improved aggregate stability, temporarily mitigates raindrop splash and interrill erosion of underlying soils prior to the first post-fire rainfall event. However, this layer delays but does not prevent deeper soil mobilization during subsequent intense runoff. These findings clarify temperature thresholds controlling post-fire soil zonation, highlight mechanisms linking soil property changes to debris flow initiation, and provide valuable data on post-fire hillslope erosion processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining Erosion Rates and Landscape Evolution With In Situ 10Be and 26Al Cosmogenic Nuclides at Table Mountain, Antarctica","authors":"Jacob T. H. Anderson,&nbsp;David Fink,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Fujioka,&nbsp;Alan J. Hidy,&nbsp;Gary S. Wilson,&nbsp;Andrey Abramov,&nbsp;Nikita Demidov,&nbsp;Klaus Wilcken","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates surface weathering and sediment preservation at Table Mountain, a high-elevation, hyperarid, polar landscape in the Transantarctic Mountains. We report cosmogenic nuclide concentrations (¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al) in quartz from bedrock surfaces, erratic boulder lag, and cobbles embedded within Sirius Group sediments to quantify erosion rates. In situ ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al depth profiles from a 2.95 m permafrost core in the Sirius Group further constrain surface erosion rates and elucidate landscape stability. Measured ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al concentrations from two sandstone bedrock surfaces adjacent to Sirius Group sediments give erosion rates of 0.18–0.28 m/Myr. An erratic sandstone boulder within the lag above the Sirius Group yields erosion rates of ∼0.42 ± 0.03 m/Myr, whereas two cobbles embedded within the Sirius Group yield higher rates of 0.81–1.12 m/Myr. Depth profiles of in situ ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al indicate no vertical mixing of Sirius Group permafrost since deposition. Depth profile models are best explained by erosion rates of 0.53^+0.13/_−0.12 m/Myr, and an exposure age of 0.78^+0.06/_−0.08 Ma. We view the model “age” to represent the ∼0.8-million-year time-scale for surface lowering equivalent to one attenuation length of cosmic ray production to achieve steady-state conditions. Continual exhumation of embedded clasts from within the Sirius Group results in an accumulation of clasts forming the observed erosional lag deposit covering the landscape. Our erosion rates of the Sirius Group surface based on in situ ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al depth profiles are an order-of-magnitude larger than those based on meteoric ¹⁰Be infiltration and further clarification is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Porous In-Stream Structures to Assess Their Implications on Flow Dynamics and Sediment Transport","authors":"Hojung You,&nbsp;Rafael O. Tinoco","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In aquatic environments, the presence of porous obstacles induces intricate flow dynamics as the flow passes through and around them. These flows exhibit large local vertical and lateral gradients, influencing the evolution of downstream flow structures across various scales. In this study, we investigated flow around five idealized porous obstacles with varying porosity and pore arrangements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). By introducing a two-layer model and computing turbulent kinetic energy budgets, we quantified jet velocity and length to predict the development of downstream flow structures. Recirculation zones were observed downstream of obstacles with small pore sizes, while forward flow motions prevailed downstream with larger pore sizes due to increased jet velocity and length. To study the effect of multiple porous obstacles, we installed a second obstacle at various downstream distances, which showed minimal influence on jet length and velocity once the distance between obstacles exceeded the jet length determined from single obstacle analysis, particularly with obstacles featuring large pore sizes. Our study identifies the need to properly characterize in-stream obstacles based on both their porosity and their representative pore sizes, as the jets created through the obstacles significantly alter the expected flow structures from solid-obstacle predictions. Based on the insights from the hydrodynamic study and using the balance between resistance and driving force of sediment motions, we discuss ecological and geomorphic applications in the vicinity of porous obstacles, highlighting the potential locations for sediment erosion and deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}