Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Integration of Field Observations With Forward and Inverse Modeling for Tsunami Reconstructions Along the Fjord-Dominated Coastlines of Northern Cascadia","authors":"Stephen E. Bartlett,&nbsp;Jessica E. Pilarczyk,&nbsp;Catherine R. Jeffries,&nbsp;Michaela Spiske,&nbsp;David Huntley,&nbsp;Roger MacLeod,&nbsp;Robert Weiss,&nbsp;Davin J. Wallace,&nbsp;Anthony Giang,&nbsp;Diana M. Allen,&nbsp;Peter T. Bobrowsky,&nbsp;Tseshaht (c̓išaaʔatḥ) First Nation","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forward and inverse modeling techniques are often applied to paleotsunamis to reconstruct inundation parameters. The accuracy of both types of models can be influenced by geomorphology, particularly in areas such as northern Cascadia, where rocky headlands and fjords influence tsunami flow and the preservation of sedimentary deposits. Furthermore, the degree of agreement between these models remains unclear, particularly because inverse modeling is often one of the only viable approaches for reconstructing paleoflow characteristics of older tsunamis lacking instrumental records. We address this uncertainty by using the TSUFLIND inverse model and apply it to a series of cores that contain the 1964 Alaska tsunami deposit from Port Alberni, Canada, situated at the landward terminus of a 38 km fjord. A concurrent forward model, constrained by observational records, was developed using GeoClaw software, and estimated inundation depths were ∼1.40 m higher than those estimated by TSUFLIND at the same locations. This discrepancy suggests that regional conditions, such as the uniquely restricted geomorphology and post-depositional changes to the tsunami deposit, exert a strong influence on inverse modeling results in northern Cascadia. When applied to paleotsunami deposits lacking observational records, the potential for both models to overestimate flow depth becomes more significant. Accordingly, TSUFLIND-derived flow depths can provide important minimum constraints for forward inundation models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed Topography and Subglacial Conditions of Denman Glacier, East Antarctica: Insights From Magnetotelluric Data and Interdisciplinary Studies","authors":"Maria Constanza Manassero,&nbsp;Kate Selway,&nbsp;Tobias Stål,&nbsp;Matthias Scheiter,&nbsp;Mareen Loesing,&nbsp;Felicity McCormack,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Halpin,&nbsp;Bernd Kulessa,&nbsp;Anya M. Reading","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009277","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Understanding the basal conditions of East Antarctica's outlet glaciers is critical for accurately modeling future ice-sheet evolution. Denman Glacier, one of the continent's fastest-flowing glaciers, has been identified in bed-topography models as occupying the deepest continental trough on Earth, potentially acting as a major outlet of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here we present a land-based magnetotelluric transect across Denman Glacier, acquired approximately 50 km upstream from its grounding line. These measurements provide the first in situ, ground-based geophysical constraints on the glacier's subglacial structure, enabling evaluation of existing airborne-derived models and reducing uncertainty and non-uniqueness in inferred bed topography. The resistivity model images a laterally continuous, highly resistive unit (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} 1{0}^{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $1{0}^{5},{Omega }mathrm{m}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;), interpreted as glacial ice. This ice overlies lower-resistivity regions (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} 10$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;–&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $1{0}^{3},{Omega }mathrm{m}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) interpreted to be unconsolidated sediments and rock. Along the glacier flanks, the boundary between ice and underlying material aligns closely with radar-derived trough depths. In contrast, beneath the glacier center, the model indicates a trough depth of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1600&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;200&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $1600pm 200$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Through the Noise: Implications for Signal Preservation in Sediment Flux Time Series From Erosional Systems","authors":"L. O. Roberge,&nbsp;N. M. Gasparini,&nbsp;K. M. Straub,&nbsp;B. Campforts,&nbsp;F. J. Pazzaglia","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Allogenic forcing of sediment production generates sedimentary signals that we use to understand the past. These signals may be buffered or shredded by autogenic processes as they travel through sediment routing systems from source to sink. Studies on signal propagation tend to focus on either signal buffering by deterministic fluvial networks or signal shredding by stochastic processes. Stochastic processes generate noise that can obscure or degrade signals, especially below a threshold correlation timescale inherent to each process. It remains unclear whether this timescale exists when stochastically and deterministically modeled processes interact with each other. We address this knowledge gap by coupling stochastic landsliding and deterministic fluvial processes in a 2D numerical landscape evolution model in which we vary landslide frequency, sediment erodibility, and fluvial transport length scale to generate various dynamic steady state scenarios. We explore how the interaction of the landslide and fluvial processes affects landscape morphology and sediment export from the catchment. Though landslides produce instantaneous mass fluxes from hillslopes to channels, the deposited material can only be slowly evacuated by the fluvial system. This creates an emergent correlation timescale set by the residence time of landslide deposits. Efficient fluvial systems erode deposits faster and have shorter correlation timescales; therefore, they should be more likely to transmit higher-frequency signals down-system. These results can be used to predict where paleo-tectonic and paleo-climatic signals are more likely to be preserved in strata.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Influence of Currents and Grain Size on Wave Orbital Motion Scaling Dependence of Sand Ripple Geometry","authors":"Seok-Bong Lee,&nbsp;Ryan E. Phillip,&nbsp;Meagan E. Wengrove,&nbsp;Allison M. Penko","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using field observations from the MEGAPEX and Coastal Genesis 2.0 (CG2-DVT2) campaigns along the Dutch coast, along with laboratory data from the DUNE3 experiment, we examine how ripple geometry responds to variations in orbital diameter, sediment grain size, and current forcing. Results show that ripple wavelength follows a weakly superlinear power-law dependence on the near-bed wave orbital diameter under shallow water conditions <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 <mi>π</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(khsim {uppi }/10)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, even when orbital diameter exceeds thresholds typically associated with subaqueous suborbital or anorbital ripple regimes in deeper-water settings. This scaling persists within the range of weak currents represented in the DUNE3 experiment when the median grain size is approximately <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≥</mo>\u0000 <mn>300</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${ge} 300hspace*{.5em}{upmu }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m. For finer sediments (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mn>50</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <mn>300</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${D}_{50}&lt; 300hspace*{.5em}{upmu }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m), both large orbital ripples and small suborbital ripples may coexist. In contrast, ripple orientation is significantly influenced by current direction and magnitude. Existing wave- or current-dominant orientation predictors do not capture the full orientation variance under combined flows. We propose a new predictor based on the weighted direction of wave- and current-driven bedload transport using both stress-based (MPM) and energy-based (energetics) formulations. The MPM-based predictor demonstrates a modest but consistent improvement across data sets in reproducing observed orientation trends, relative to existing predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Evolution of Coastal Cliffs From Weekly to Interannual Timescales","authors":"Raphael L. Krier-Mariani,&nbsp;Adam P. Young,&nbsp;William C. O'Reilly,&nbsp;Connor Mack,&nbsp;Matthew Maclay,&nbsp;Hironori Matsumoto","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 7-year coastal cliff erosion record, developed from 320 ∼weekly LiDAR surveys of a 2.3 km-long cliff in southern California, is used to examine the cliff geomorphological response to the variability of environmental forcing (water level, waves, rain, and groundwater) from weekly to interannual timescales at different cliff elevations. When the environmental factors were considered independently, the erosion of the lower-cliff within the wave exposure zone best correlated with wave forcing (<i>r</i>² = 0.38) at weekly scales, while the upper-cliff correlated best with rain (<i>r</i>² = 0.36) and groundwater (<i>r</i>² = 0.15). Higher correlations were found when considering combined environmental forcing, with the greatest lower/upper-cliff geomorphological response to combined environmental changes at semiannual/monthly timescales, respectively (<i>R</i>² = 0.66/<i>R</i>² = 0.58). A wave-forcing increase of 36% relative to the monthly climatology was observed during El Niño, coinciding with increased cliff-erosion activity. Multi-variable seasonal cliff erosion models accounting for the combined effects of environmental forcing captured the interannual variability in cliff erosion but presented limitations in capturing episodic cliff failure events. The results indicate that large-scale interannual climate patterns, such as ENSO influence on wave forcing on cliffs at the study site, should be considered in rock coast evolution modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismo-Acoustic Characterization and Array Processing of Dry- and Wet-Snow Avalanches","authors":"Christine Seupel,&nbsp;Cristina Pérez-Guillén,&nbsp;Andreas Fichtner,&nbsp;Alec van Herwijnen","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008947","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snow avalanches generate complex seismic and infrasound signals influenced by terrain, snow properties, flow regime, and avalanche size. In this controlled field study, we analyzed the seismo-acoustic characteristics of three avalanches that released along the same path in the Dischma valley above Davos, Switzerland. The avalanches were recorded using co-located seismic and infrasound arrays, minimizing confounding effects related to topography, wave propagation, and source–receiver geometry, enabling a direct comparison of signal characteristics and source parameters. We compared a dry-snow and a wet-snow avalanche of similar size, as well as a larger wet-snow avalanche. A Doppler radar provided independent constraints on release times and flow location. By analyzing signal amplitudes, frequency content, and beamforming-derived source parameters, we assessed how avalanche type and size influence seismo-acoustic signals. Our results showed that avalanche size primarily controls seismic amplitudes, whereas the presence of a suspension layer governed infrasound strength. Notably, the large wet-snow avalanche developed a suspension layer and generated strong infrasound amplitudes. Beamforming retrieved robust source parameters for all events. The infrasound data yielded stable backazimuths and slowness values even at low signal amplitudes, while the seismic data exhibited more complex wavefield patterns influenced by seismo-acoustic coupling. Comparison with radar observations confirmed the accuracy of array-based localization. Beamforming-derived source parameters also provided earlier and clearer indications of avalanche motion than single-sensor time series or spectrograms. Overall, our findings demonstrate that combined seismic and infrasound arrays provide complementary insights into avalanche processes and may support future developments in operational avalanche monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flash Floods During Tropical Cyclones Drove Episodic Sediment Delivery to Caonillas Reservoir in Central Puerto Rico","authors":"Pedro I. Matos-Llavona,&nbsp;Desireé Bayouth-García,&nbsp;Brian C. Yellen,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Woodruff,&nbsp;K. Stephen Hughes,&nbsp;Carlos E. Ramos-Scharrón","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008736","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stratigraphic evidence in lake or reservoir sediments can reveal mechanisms of sediment export and deposition during Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly in high-relief tropical islands. Yet, empirical documentation of TC-driven sediment dynamics in humid mountainous terrains remains limited. Here we used the geomorphic impact of TC María (2017) in Caonillas Reservoir Watershed in Puerto Rico to characterize the sedimentary imprints of TCs. Stratigraphy from surface cores revealed three sandy units up to 19-cm thick within the top 60 cm. Accretion measured from bathymetric surveys 2012 and 2020 was 1.36 ± 0.14 m, with only María flooding occurring during this period. Repeated cores after TC Fiona (2022) revealed an additional 4-cm sandy unit, which is attributed to Fiona, while the three units below to flash floods observed during María, potentially generated by intense precipitation from TC rainbands and orographic effect. Despite Fiona expending significantly higher energy than María's secondary flash floods, its thinner deposits suggest supply limited conditions. Flash flood's energy expenditure accounts for 79% of the variance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in event deposit thickness when sediment supply is abundant. Our findings suggest that major TCs effectively mobilize, transport, and export sediment, particularly after widespread landsliding occurs. TC's structure (e.g., size and concentric eyewall) and track can produce multiple flash floods and sediment transport pulses if sediment supply is abundant, rendering geomorphically effective floods. Consequently, sediment core reconstructions should consider that a single TC may produce multiple event deposits, particularly in basins prone to flash floods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Drivers of Alongshore Variation in Historical Coastal Dune Evolution: A Field and Model-Based Approach","authors":"Selwyn S. Heminway,&nbsp;Nicholas Cohn,&nbsp;Christa van IJzendoorn,&nbsp;Peter Ruggiero,&nbsp;Meagan Wengrove,&nbsp;Heather Weiner,&nbsp;George M. Kaminsky","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008717","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The protective services provided by coastal foredunes vary spatially due to alongshore differences in dune morphology and hydrodynamic forcing. This study aims to quantify the drivers of alongshore variability of dune evolution across spatial (40-km) and temporal (multi-decadal) scales. The alongshore variability in dune evolution is extracted from long-term beach and dune monitoring surveys on Long Beach Peninsula, Washington, USA, and analyzed to explore the drivers of dune volume change. To quantify the relative influence of geomorphic, geologic, and environmental forcings on dune growth, field analyses are complemented by numerical model sensitivity tests. The sensitivity tests are executed using a locally calibrated, reduced-complexity dune evolution model on three dune profiles representative of accretional, stable, and erosive conditions. Shoreline change rate best explains the observed variability in dune volume change at multi-decadal scales because it influences sediment availability to the dunes. Beach slope is identified as a secondary driver on dune volume change because it influences wave runup and therefore dune erosion during periods when dunes are in the collision regime, as well as affecting the fetch length of wind driven sediment transport. Grain size influences dunes where accretive processes dominate over erosive processes. Model sensitivity tests suggest dunes may become taller, steeper, and eventually undergo significant erosion under increased water levels and associated collision hours. Modeled dune evolution hindcasts indicate the importance of including shoreline change rate and the appropriate grain size into long-term dune evolution modeling, which can inform risk assessments and management planning for coastal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Post-Fire Aeolian Sediment Flux Dynamics Following the 2024 Smokehouse Creek Fire: The Role of Wind Seasonality, Thermal Clay Mineral Degradation, and Surface Armoring","authors":"Abinash Bhattachan,&nbsp;Branimir Šegvić,&nbsp;Ashten Fenton,&nbsp;Riley Young,&nbsp;Bethany Morgan,&nbsp;Rocco Bowen,&nbsp;Emily Doyle,&nbsp;John E. Stout,&nbsp;R. Scott Van Pelt","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fire in drylands is commonly associated with enhanced aeolian erosion due to the abrupt loss of vegetation cover. However, the relative contributions of fire-induced mineralogical degradation of soils, seasonal wind forcing and surface armoring to post-fire wind erosion remain poorly constrained. This study examines these controls following the largest wildfire on record in Texas' history. Time-resolved measurements of horizontal sediment flux were collected over 8 months at five burned sites spanning contrasting grazing histories. These data are combined with mineralogical and physicochemical analyses of surface (burned) and subsurface (unburned) soils, as well as X-ray diffraction characterization of wind-eroded sediment collected during the peak post-fire erosion interval. Wind erosion rates were highest immediately after the fire and declined over time, with the seasonal reduction in erosive wind frequency. Two burned sites with relatively low pre-fire clay mineral content showed erosion fluxes comparable to the control site, suggesting post-fire surface armoring following deflation of fine particles. Surface soils at high-flux sites exhibited extensive thermal modification and depletion of illite-smectite relative to underlying horizons, with losses of the smectite component up to 96% at severely affected sites, with peak surface temperature in 450–700°C range. XRD modal mineralogy of eroded sediments shows dominance of quartz and feldspar and a near absence of clay minerals, contrasting with smectite bearing assemblages at the control site. These results demonstrate that post-fire aeolian erosion is governed by the pre-fire clay content available for pyrogenic degradation with wind seasonality and surface armoring controlling the temporal trajectory of aeolian fluxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Dating of Fluvial Terrace Risers Across Spatial and Temporal Scales","authors":"L. Grimm,&nbsp;F. McNab,&nbsp;V. M. Fernandes,&nbsp;T. F. Schildgen","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluvial terraces are valuable terrestrial records of past climatic and tectonic changes. Morphological dating, which quantifies the degradation of the riser between two terraces, offers a relatively simple and cost-effective alternative to other dating methods. However, there is no standardized way of applying this approach, and associated errors and uncertainties have not been fully quantified. Furthermore, previous applications of morphological dating have been limited to small spatiotemporal scales, and the feasibility of extending it to broader spatial and temporal contexts remains unclear. Here, we present a complete methodology for deriving morphological ages from fluvial terraces based on a nonlinear diffusion equation. We systematically evaluate errors in synthetic, noisy riser profiles, and apply morphological dating to two sites with existing age chronologies but contrasting spatiotemporal scales. Saxton River, New Zealand, hosts a spatially constrained (10⁰ km²) Holocene terrace sequence. We show that our morphological dating approach can reproduce and extend existing geochronological data. We then apply morphological dating to two Patagonian rivers that host spatially extensive (10² km²) Pleistocene terraces by utilizing low-resolution satellite-based elevation data. Our results indicate that such data could be used for morphological dating, but variability in diffusivity and/or sediment-transport processes limits its accuracy on such broad scales. These findings underscore the need for better constraints on how climate and sediment properties influence diffusivity and highlight the importance of exploring alternative models of sediment transport on hillslopes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}