Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions and practices regarding pesticide exposure among pregnant women in a south Indian teaching institution.","authors":"M Rajalakshmi, D S Karthika Devi, Reenaa Mohan, A Bupathy","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1534_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1534_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India's population. In recent years, there have been pressing public health and food safety concerns related to pesticide residues. Pesticides are a class of man-made environmental chemicals that can affect the body's development, growth, and hormone balance. Pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable group when it comes to pesticide exposure. Focusing on this population provides crucial data for designing protective interventions. Hence for formulating effective intervention strategy to combat this problem, proper quantification of the root cause was needed, hence the study was being conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 pregnant mothers. The questionnaire was administered by the principal investigator in a simple local language. Chi-square test was done to find the association between socio-demographic variables and knowledge of pregnant mothers about fetal complications due to pesticide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall knowledge about pesticide was through newspaper (44.3%) and social media (24.5%) whereas 84.1% believed pesticide has adverse effects on the fetus. It is shown that age <35 years, third trimester participants, educated participants, higher socio-economic status participants showed adequate knowledge about fetal complications due to pesticides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that knowledge is adequate about pesticide exposure, but the practice is not. Safe pesticide practices during pregnancy are necessary to protect the developing fetus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"706-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the role of serum cholinesterase among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at RIMS, Ranchi - A hospital-based study.","authors":"Avijit Saha, Abha Kumari, Santosh Kumar, Abhay Kumar, Chandrakanta Munni","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1375_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1375_24","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a group of conditions which is defined by persistent hyperglycemia along with various metabolic disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This condition is characterized by variable levels of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and elevated glucose production. There are various complications like cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy which are associated with type 2 DM (T2DM). Serum cholinesterase (ChE) is an alpha glycoprotein enzyme which is formed in the liver and associated with various chronic inflammatory conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. So, we want to evaluate the correlation between serum cholinesterase concentrations in T2DM and also to evaluate the utility of serum cholinesterase as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in T2DM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 176 participants, divided into two groups: 88 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 88 nondiabetic individuals matched for age and sex who attended at OPD and IPD of Medicine department of RIMS, Ranchi. The height and weight are taken, BMIs are calculated, and blood pressures are recorded. Blood samples are collected from all participants to measure serum cholinesterase levels; FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, serum urea, creatinine, lipid profile, thyroid profile, liver function tests (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase), and urine protein creatinine ratio are assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The activity of serum cholinesterase raised in T2DM compared to the nondiabetic group. The cholinesterase levels in the diabetic group revealed 9272.18 ± 3062.92, median 9661.65, and in nondiabetics, it was 3504.93 ± 1520.74, median 3267.50, with a &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value of &lt; 0.001, which is statistically significant. Our study showed a positive correlation between serum cholinesterase and HbA1c with a correlation coefficient of 0.357 and a &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value of 0.001, which is statistically significant. There is also a statistically significant correlation found between serum cholinesterase and serum triglyceride and also between serum cholinesterase and very low-density lipoprotein. But in our study, we have found that there is no statistical significant correlation between serum cholinesterase and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0). The ROC plot analysis in this study demonstrates the higher diagnostic accuracy, 89.77, of serum cholinesterase with a sensitivity of 96.59 and a specificity of 82.95.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;So, serum cholinesterase concentrations are significantly increased in patients with T2DM and are also associated with poor glycemic control with increased insulin resistance. These study findings demonstrate the potential of serum cholinesterase as a biomarker to monitor the disease progression and its therapeutic effectiveness for ","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"769-778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 as a biomarker for early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shishir Kumar, Tarique Aziz, Rajendra Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Amit Kumar, Avijit Saha, Divakar Kumar, Mukesh Kumar Niraj","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1366_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1366_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas with varying severity. The mortality rate varies from 20% to 40% among severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine that involves various infections, inflammations, and systemic disorders. Injury to acinar cells leads to necrosis, releasing proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, which peaks earlier. The lack of extensive data regarding the association of IL-6 with AP influences us to do this meta-analysis for early detection and treatment of AP to prevent multiorgan failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published from inception to June 2024. We examined the positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios, and pooled sensitivity and specificity. We used the QUADAS-2 tool to evaluate the risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 1386 patients with AP, of which 343 had SAP and 1043 had mild and moderately severe AP. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.5 (95% CI 2.6 to 4.5) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.40). The diagnostic odds ratio of IL-6 to diagnose SAP is 14 (95% CI: 7 to 27), and the summary receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of this meta-analysis, serum IL-6 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing SAP in the early stage. However, a larger-scale study involving a more extensive population is necessary due to the considerable variation between the studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"667-674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different concentration techniques for microscopic diagnosis of protozoa and helminths in stool samples of children.","authors":"Krati Agarwal, Shailja Mishra, Parul Singh, Rahul Sharma, Atul R Rukadikar, Vivek Hada, Aroop Mohanty","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1510_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1510_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are prevalent among children in developing countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. These infections significantly impact physical and intellectual development and exacerbate nutritional deficiencies in early childhood.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted at AIIMS, Gorakhpur, from July to December 2023, involved 110 children aged six months to five years with diarrhea. The study compared the diagnostic performance of routine wet mount examination and stool concentration techniques (Formol-Ether Acetate Concentration [FAC] and Formal-Ether Concentration [FEC]) for identifying intestinal parasites.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>FAC detected parasites in 75% of cases, FEC in 62%, and wet mount in 41%. Protozoan infections were predominant, with Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia being the most common. Dual infections were better detected by concentration methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted the higher sensitivity of FAC over FEC and wet mount techniques. Environmental, socioeconomic, and geographical factors influenced the prevalence and distribution of IPIs. The study emphasizes the need for improved public health measures, including health education, safe water, and sanitation facilities. The formol-ether acetate concentration technique is recommended for its higher recovery rate, safety, and feasibility in rural settings, requiring minimal infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"693-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining correlation between changes in blood pressure and vitamin D levels: Analyzing influencing factors in hypertensive adults at Family Medicine Clinics.","authors":"Aayesha Butt, Swaleha Tariq, Fatima Kanwal","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_905_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_905_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary sodium and renin-angiotensin system activity are pivotal in causing primary hypertension. Vitamin D levels inversely relate to the renin-angiotensin system. Our study investigates the association between vitamin D fluctuations and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients undergoing general health checkups.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study enrolled participants with essential hypertension from family medicine clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, coming for a general health checkup. Data including demographics, Vitamin D levels, blood pressure, factors associated with hypertension, and vitamin D deficiency were noted and analyzed using SPSS 20. Post-stratification chi-square test was applied to check for the association between different categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a study of 203 hypertensive subjects (mean age: 58.07 ± 11 years, 56.2% male, 63.5% Urdu speaking), 41.4% were smokers, and 63.1% had other comorbidities along with hypertension. Significant vitamin D deficiency was observed in 81.8%, with 55.7% exhibiting uncontrolled blood pressure. Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with blood pressure changes, sun exposure, gender, physical activity, and salt restriction. Smoking and obesity are also correlated with blood pressure changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pakistan faces significant hypertension and vitamin D deficiency burdens. Our study found a potential link between varying vitamin D levels and blood pressure fluctuations in hypertensive patients, warranting further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"549-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study on the burden of visual and hearing impairment using WHO eyes and hear WHOpro applications among professional degree college students, Bengaluru Urban.","authors":"Neguhally Raju Ramesh Masthi, R Pranav Srivatsav, Rishi Aryan, Pratham Nagesh, Shrushti A Chikgouda, B N Vyshak, Rishabh R Thammaiah, N Shashank, R Lavanya","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1088_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1088_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WHOEyes and hearWHO application free, population-based mobile software application that checks visual acuity and hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to find out the burden of visual and hearing impairment among professional degree college students using the WHOeyes and hearWHOpro in Bengaluru.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among selected Professional degree college students of Bengaluru urban in the first quarter of 2024. The sample size calculated was 172.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>However, 156 (88.6%) in the left eye and 161 (91.5%) in the right eye had no visual impairment. 13 (7.5%), 9 (5.1%) and 7 (3.9%), 6 (3.4%) had mild and moderate distant visual impairment in the left and right eye, respectively according to WHOeyes scores. 96% had a normal near vision, 3.4% had mild and 0.6% had moderate near vision impairment. 63 (35.8%) subjects had some degree of hearing loss, 110 (62.5%) subjects checked their hearing regularly (once a year), and only 3 (1.7%) subjects had good hearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of the subjects had normal visual acuity and a majority of subjects had some degree of hearing loss using the WHOeyes and hearWHOpro scores. The visual acuity and hearing loss were higher in those exposed to increased screen time and loud noise while using personalized digital devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"785-789"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the safety and adverse effects of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and their combination in paediatric pain and fever management: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Vivek Charde, Mukesh Sanklecha, Priyank Rajan, Babar Naeem, Mayur Wanjari, Gaurav Mittal, Tanjmi Djabo Eric Adrien","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_348_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_348_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pain and fever are common paediatric complaints that demand meticulous symptom alleviation to ensure the child's holistic well-being. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and their synergistic coadministration occupy a crucial position, rendering the management of these symptoms efficacious. This study aims to evaluate the safety and adverse effects of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and their combination comprehensively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India. 108 paediatric patients aged 6 months to 18 years experiencing fever, pain, or both. Patients were assigned to receive one of the three medications and were randomized into one of the three groups: paracetamol, ibuprofen, or a combination. Baseline and 48-hour assessments included vital signs, adverse effects, and biochemical markers including SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, platelet count, and occult blood in stool samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and their combination were found to be equally effective in relieving symptoms associated with fever and pain. The most common adverse effect observed was vomiting, with minimal occurrences of rash, cough, and diarrhoea. Biochemical markers, including SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, platelet count, and occult blood in stool samples, remained within normal ranges after 48 h of drug administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study affirms the safety of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and their combination for paediatric pain and fever management. Minimal adverse effects and the absence of significant biochemical derangements support their favourable risk-benefit profiles, emphasizing their importance in paediatric clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"680-686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of emerging COVID-19 variants on psychosocial health: A systematic review.","authors":"Pratyush Kumar, Manali Sarkar, Morales Femenias Yurkina, Ramya Gnanaraj, Daniel Jesús García Martínez, Yhojar A Pisfil-Farroñay, Laxmi Chaudhary, Poonam Agrawal, G P Kaushal, Mathew Mbwogge, Kumar Abhishek, Muhannad Alnaasan, Maximiliano Ezequiel Arlettaz, Reem Kozum, Miguel F Júarez M, Suhrud Panchawagh, Asmitha P Reddy, Vishnu B Unnithan, Rushikesh Shukla","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_606_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_606_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects on individuals and communities around the world. Studies have found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms increased significantly during the pandemic. The goal of the study is to understand how the emerging new virus variants keep the world in a state of fear and how mental health measures can be implemented and adopted to alleviate anxiety. A broad search for observational studies was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and World Medical Library. Studies that reported and/or related the existence of anxiety generated by suffering or not from diseases caused by the new emerging COVID-19 viruses and that for which the full text of the article was accessible were included in the study, while systematic review and meta-analysis and studies in groups were excluded. However, 22 studies were included in the review. The deleterious psychosocial effects were the restructuring of life, establishment of unhealthy habits, emergence of \"<i>corona phobia</i>\", fear and stigma of being afflicted with the disease and spreading it to loved ones, and lack of contact with others. Increased rates of depression and anxiety were also seen. The circulating variants responsible for these main psychosocial repercussions were <i>Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Iota, Kappa, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta</i>. Social support was found to be protective. There is a critical need for a comprehensive approach addressing not only the physiological well-being of an individual but also their mental well-being to pave the way for a society that is resilient in the face of current as well as future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"514-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in rural and urban areas of Punjab: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jasvinder Singh, Syed A Iqbal, Tareq I Mohammed, Prithvi Radhavan, Shreya Rajpal, Sahini Gajula, Shree Rath","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1419_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1419_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Hypertension is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In India, it significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Various states have reported an increasing incidence of hypertension, underscoring the need to assess its prevalence and associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in Punjab, compare urban and rural areas, and identify the associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted across Ludhiana, Punjab, involving three urban areas and three villages.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Residents aged 20 years and older were selected, and their blood pressure was measured according to JNC-7 guidelines. Other demographic details and personal histories, including alcohol consumption and hypercholesterolemia, were documented for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hypertension in Ludhiana was 62%, with an equal distribution between rural and urban areas. However, fewer individuals in rural areas were aware of their hypertensive status, and the number of new cases was higher in these areas. Hypertension was notably more prevalent among males and those with lower educational backgrounds. Identified risk factors included obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, high socioeconomic status (SES), salt intake, stress levels, alcohol consumption, hypercholesterolemia, and low literacy rates, which were more prevalent in rural areas compared to urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights the increasing incidence of hypertension in Punjab, emphasizing that rural populations are more likely to be unaware of their condition. This finding suggests a limited reach of adequate healthcare services in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"757-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of eVIN (Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network) in utility and constraints of various stakeholders in Nainital District: A mixed method study.","authors":"Kunal Chaudhary, Sadhana Awasthi, Thakkar H Kanubhai, Mohd Maroof, Preeti","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1015_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1015_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are important tools in the fight against many diseases for which eVIN was created. eVIN is working exceptionally, but the remaining gaps (electronic or non-electronic generated) are still present and cannot be assessed solely by the quantitative method. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the eVIN (Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network) in utility and constraints of various stakeholders in Nainital District: A mixed method study. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 8 available stakeholders in district Nainital, Uttarakhand. Open-ended KII was conducted individually. Results: Key informants comprised eight Stakeholders (7 medical officers in charge and one senior medical officer). The informants had a mean age of 40 ± 8 years with a mean experience of 10 ± 5 years. Big changes and benefits to the immunization program from eVIN were stated by all the stakeholders. The lacunas that remained and need further lookout, were the funds (for minor maintenance and purchase), the capacity building, more technical training, and the regular practices of vaccination. While in low-lying areas there were no major issues stated but for high altitude blocks, all stated persisting facing issues of road accessibility, mobile network, and CCE wear and tear, which makes them tough to carry for outreach sessions on foot. Thus, the findings suggest positive changes in the regions of vaccine usage, stock management distribution, and documentation. However, an Unreliable power supply at public health centers appears to be a continuous major challenge in maintaining the recommended temperature range. Adherence to good storage and handling practices, Supportive supervision, regular training, and budgetary provisions require the attention of higher-level management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"626-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}