Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"The association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about oral cancer in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mazin Merdad, Abdulsalam Alqutub, Abdullah F Alharbi, Mohammed A Nujoom, Hala M Ali Kanawi, Mohammed Awadh, Zuhair H Aljehani, Sarah M AlSharif, Taher Alqutub","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_309_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_309_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral cancer (OC) is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, following leukemia and lymphoma. Early detection of this disease is impacted by knowledge of OC. This study aimed to evaluate public awareness of OC in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia and investigate how demographic background characteristics influence this knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a web-based questionnaire was distributed in a random multistage pattern between September 2023 and December 2023. The questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge levels of OC. A logistic regression model was used with demographic background variables as independent variables and knowledge of OC as the dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 389 participants, only half were aware of OC (52.4%). Most participants (56%) had poor knowledge of OC, 37.3% had a moderate level of knowledge, and only 6.7% had good knowledge about OC. On multivariate analysis, higher level of education [(odds ratio (OR = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-1.79; <i>P</i> < 0.0001)], higher salary (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08-1.49; <i>P</i> < 0.0001), and being a female (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09-1.46; <i>P</i> = 0.011), were positively associate with the general knowledge of OC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly one in every two residents in the western region of Saudi Arabia has never heard of OC. Most of the participants had poor knowledge of OC. Socioeconomic factors, including income and educational level, were the most prominent factors affecting the general understanding of OC. Community-level educational programs focusing on high-risk groups could increase awareness about OC and improve public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"526-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative study to explore reasons for 'no-show' after diagnosis of breast cancer in a private teaching hospital in Kerala.","authors":"Rehna Chaneparambil Mohamed, Leyanna Susan George, Chitra Tomy","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_142_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_142_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Breast Cancer is the commonest cancer among women both in developed and developing world. Exploring the reasons involved in 'no-show' at the health facility, which is also a teaching hospital, after being diagnosed with breast cancer can aid as a problem identifier, act as an add-on for continuous quality improvement in healthcare and open avenue of understanding about participation that women have in decision-making. This study aims to explore the reasons for 'no-show' after diagnosis of breast cancer in a teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A hospital-based cancer registry was used to extract the number of patients from the medical records department (MRD) who were diagnosed with breast cancer but did not show up for the treatment offered. Qualitative study method of in-depth interview was employed to understand the reasons for not following up after diagnosis. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed verbatim, analyzed for thematic contents using the standard content analysis framework.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Personal, familial, social, and hospital-related factors were involved in not following up in the health facility. The major themes were financial difficulties, general inconvenience, others' decisions, alternative therapy, acclaimed oncologists, and awful occurrences, which were categorized under three heads as perceived barriers to continuing treatment in the health facility of study, perceived benefits of treatment in other facilities, and influence of family, friends, and society on decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study throws light on the multitude of reasons behind 'no-show' behavior among patients with breast cancer from the facility where the diagnosis was made, highlighting the requirement for a more patient-centred approach that considers financial, social, and psychological factors in healthcare delivery. Addressing these barriers could significantly improve treatment adherence and outcomes in breast cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"609-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An audit of 12 cases of long COVID following the lightning process intervention examining benefits and harms.","authors":"Bruce Arroll, Fiona Moir, Eloise Jenkins, David Benjamin Menkes","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1049_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1049_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To audit the outcomes of patients with long COVID after the lightning process intervention. Retrospective cross-sectional audit. Patients with long COVID were interviewed through telephone regarding their experience and response to the lightning process. Physical, emotional, and overall quality of life; perceived harms of the intervention. None of the 12 participants reported harm from the intervention. 11/12 participants reported being 85% back to normal or more; 8/12 described achieving 85% or greater satisfaction with their emotional, physical, and overall quality of life. 10/12 of the participants reported having heard negative comments about the lightning process but had nonetheless gone ahead with the treatment. This study suggests that the lightning process is a promising and safe intervention for symptoms of long COVID. Primary care clinicians can refer patients for treatment with a high chance of benefit without fear of harm. Randomized, controlled trials are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"796-799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical overview and characteristics of neonates from mothers confirmed with COVID-19 at Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital.","authors":"Agustina Nurmala Tobing, Siti Maemun, Aninda Dinar Widiantari, Kunti Wijiarti, Rosa Marlina, Nina Mariana","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1232_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1232_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant women need special attention during emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks. Pregnancy is a standalone risk factor for the severity of COVID-19, heightening the vulnerability of both the mother and foetus. Neonatal admission, foetal distress, and low birth weight were correlated to the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to provide a clinical overview and characteristics of neonates from mothers who were confirmed with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital (SSIDH) from March 2020 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria included pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who either gave birth in a hospital according to the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. All newborns were tested using RT-PCR SARS-COV-2 swab tests within 24 hours after birth. We used electronic medical records as a secondary source.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 181 pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2, 103 (56.9%) gave birth, with 101 (98.1%) undergoing caesarean section. Of the 103 who gave birth, a small proportion of mothers with COVID-19 were aged <20 years or >35 years (29.13%) and had preterm deliveries (15.53%). All newborns born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were alive. The severity of illness was associated with the first-minute and fifth-minute APGAR scores of newborns (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severity of maternal COVID-19 impacts newborns' 1-minute and 5-minute APGAR scores. Implementing a strict COVID-19 protocol effectively prevents neonatal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"648-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors among elderly patients in a primary care setting: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Khaled Alabduljabbar, Kossay Elabd, Abdulaziz Alsaif, Loay Basudan","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1569_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1569_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a major health concern worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with stroke in a primary care setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh. Data were collected from patients aged 50 years and older who visited the clinic between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Stroke diagnoses were determined using ICD-10 codes, and data on demographic variables and stroke risk factors were extracted from medical records. Statistical analyses included Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2034 patients, 36 (1.8%) were diagnosed with stroke, predominantly ischemic (91.7%). Significant correlations with stroke occurrence included advanced age, male gender, family history of stroke, and comorbidities such as hypertension, transient ischemic attack, ischemic heart disease, brain aneurysm, and carotid artery disease. Multivariable analysis identified older age (≥80 years, OR = 8.949, <i>P</i> = 0.013), male gender (OR = 5.980, <i>P</i> = 0.010), underweight status (OR = 50.873, <i>P</i> = 0.005), family history of stroke (OR = 12.603, <i>P</i> = 0.040), and hypertension (OR = 7.984, <i>P</i> = 0.009) as significant risk factors for stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stroke prevalence in the sampled population was 18 per 100,000 individuals, with advanced age, male gender, and hypertension identified as significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and further prospective research to establish causal relationships and improve stroke management in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"749-756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of Kegel exercise among pregnant women in Abha, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Lujain Mohammed Bin Othman, Hayfa A AlHefdhi, Syed Esam Mahmood, Shorouq Amer A Alamer, Fajr Abdulhadi Alnaami, Njoud Moghram Jaber Alkedaisi, Maram Abdullah Alqahtani, Tahani Khalaf Abdullah Al Omari","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1103_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1103_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kegel exercise or pelvic floor muscle exercise helps in improving the strength of the pelvic floor muscles and building up their function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Kegel exercise among pregnant women in primary health care (PHC) setting in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 pregnant women. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and <i>P</i> values were used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pregnant women with a higher level of education and an income of 5000 to 10000 SAR demonstrated a higher proportion of good practice. The presence of specific chronic diseases, such as psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus, was significantly associated with poor practice. Physicians were identified as the primary source of information about Kegel exercises, followed by social media and family/friends.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that education, income level, chronic diseases and the source of information play significant roles in the practice of Kegel exercises among pregnant women. Healthcare providers should provide comprehensive education and ensure equal access to resources for all pregnant women. Tailored support should be provided to women with chronic diseases, and healthcare professionals should actively discuss Kegel exercises during antenatal visits. The study emphasizes the importance of multidimensional approaches to promote the practice of Kegel exercises during pregnancy and enhance pelvic floor health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"574-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurturing networks: Connecting the dots between social capital and antenatal care in south Karnataka, India.","authors":"Avita R Johnson, Sakthi Arasu, S Rathnakumari, William T Story","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_721_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_721_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antenatal care (ANC) is one of the pillars of primary healthcare in India. Timely and appropriate ANC can reduce complications from pregnancy and childbirth. Social capital-the collective benefit for an individual when part of a larger society-has the potential to improve the uptake of ANC services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess social capital and its association with ANC utilization in a peri-urban area in south India.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in two sub-center areas of Anekal Taluk in Bangalore Urban District, south India. A total of 350 women were interviewed on socio-demography, obstetric history, ANC utilization, and social capital. A composite index for quality ANC was constructed from various ANC services and social capital was measured using a validated 13-item instrument. Bivariate associations with socio-demographic variables, obstetric factors, and social capital were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between quality ANC and social capital after controlling for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 24.19 ± 3.56 years and mean education was 9.03 ± 4.98 years. Of all the women, 85% were homemakers and 70% belonged to the lower and middle classes. Quality ANC was achieved by 42.8% of the women. Being from Handenahalli subcentre (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.36-3.60), completing secondary (OR: 4.56; 95% CI: 1.86-11.17) or higher education (OR: 5.95; 95% CI: 2.28-15.51), being gainfully employed (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.06-4.48), belonging to middle class (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.24-4.53), and feeling like one belongs to the village (OR: 8.33; 95% CI: 1.73-40.11.53) were significant predictors of achieving quality ANC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even though individual services of the ANC were achieved by more than 80% of women, quality ANC was accomplished by less than half. Apart from factors like education, occupation, and geographic area; social capital factors, like social cohesion, proved to be a strong predictor of quality ANC. Social capital should be leveraged to empower society to further strengthen access to quality ANC services.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"565-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and breakthrough infections during 1-year follow-up after COVISHIELD™ vaccination among healthcare workers in a teaching institute in North India: A prospective longitudinal study.","authors":"Madhu Gupta, Indrakshi Sharma, Mini P Singh, Arnab Ghosh, Ritin Mohindra, Vikas Suri, Ashish Bhalla, Mahesh Devnani, Sanjay Verma","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_935_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_935_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A prospective longitudinal study was planned to assess immunogenicity, safety, and breakthrough infection rates among health care workers (HCWs) after COVISHIELD™ vaccination in a teaching institute in North India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 518 HCWs were enrolled at baseline for receiving first dose of COVISHIELD™, 429 continued participation for second dose, 415 followed up at 28 days after second dose, 405 at 6 months, and 403 at 1 year from February 2021 to November 2022. At each visit prior, 2 ml of blood sample was collected and plasma separated. Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies against spike protein were detected by Chemiluminescent Immuno-Assay on the VITROS 3600 platform (Ortho-clinical Diagnostics, NJ, USA). Data were analysed for 403 HCWs (completed all follow-ups), using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 35.3 years (SD ± 11.11), and males were 50.2%. At baseline (N = 518), proportion of reactive HCWs was 25% (95% CI, 21-29%), which increased significantly to 92% (95% CI, 89-95%) after receiving first dose (N = 403), 95% (95% CI, 92-96%) after second dose (N = 403), and declined to 85% (95% CI, 83-93%) at six months (N = 403). At 1 year, reactivity increased to 89.3% (95% CI, 86-90%; <i>P</i> value < 0.0001). Fever was reported by 31.2% of HCWs, followed by pain at injection site (27.6%), malaise (16.4%), headache (3.7%), and dizziness (3.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunogenicity post-COVISHIELD™ vaccination increased after first and second doses but declined after 6 months and inclined after 1 year of the first dose. The safety profile was within acceptable limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nerve conduction studies in insulin-dependent diabetes in children and adolescents at the tertiary care center in eastern Nepal.","authors":"Shital Gupta, Rita Khadka, Priza Subedi, Nirmala Limbu, Jyoti Agrawal, Dilip Thakur","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_884_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_884_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young adults suffering from Type 1 Diabetes mellitus may have diabetic peripheral neuropathy without any signs and symptoms, as one of the complications. Nerve conduction study is routinely used for evaluation of neuromuscular function. This study aimed to conduct a nerve conduction study in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 16 diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus in children aged between 5-15 years and 16 healthy controls. Children were selected based on inclusion criteria from Pediatric and adolescent diabetic clinics who came for follow-up. A motor nerve conduction study of the median, tibial, and common peroneal nerves was recorded, and a sensory nerve conduction study of the median and sural nerves was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of females was 46.4% and males were 53.6%. The age of diabetic children was (mean ± SD) 9.75 ± 3.53 and healthy control was 10.75 ± 3.14. A comparison of sensory nerve conduction parameters between type one diabetes in children and healthy control; onset latency of the sural nerve was prolonged on the bilateral side in diabetes children. Similarly, the SNAP amplitude of the median and sural nerves was decreased in diabetes children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In type 1 diabetes in children, peripheral nerves get affected even in asymptomatic patients in children. More disease duration and uncontrolled glucose levels will lead to the involvement of nerves getting affected. Proper follow-up is needed for better management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"633-636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens.","authors":"Shyamala Ravikoti, Vikas Bhatia, Saykkulandai Kuppuswamy Mohanasundari","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1237_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1237_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with an estimated 10.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Recent years have seen a 3.9% increase in TB incidence, reversing prior declines. Drug-resistant TB poses significant hurdles, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB affecting 410,000 individuals, yet only 175,650 were diagnosed and treated. Advances in TB treatment include the World Health Organization's recommended 6-month BPaLM regimen (Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin), demonstrating 89% treatment success for MDR/RR-TB cases. Innovative diagnostics like molecular tests, IGRA, CAD for chest radiography, and new skin tests enhance detection accuracy. Vaccine development is promising, with 16 candidates in clinical trials. Emerging drugs and regimens aim to shorten treatment duration and improve outcomes. This article reviews recent advancements in TB treatment regimens, diagnostics, and vaccines, emphasizing the importance of these innovations in addressing drug-resistant TB and improving global TB control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 2","pages":"521-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}