Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Serum zinc level in liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy and its correlation with different stages of hepatic encephalopathy.","authors":"Divakar Kumar, Manoj Kumar Prasad, Sandeep Kumar, Tarique Aziz, Manohar Lal Prasad, Rashmi Sinha, Rishi T Guria, Abhay Kumar, Vidyapati, Sameer Kumar, Pramod Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_537_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_537_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) severe complication of liver cirrhosis with high mortality. Few studies have found zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis and HE patients and found it as a precipitating factor for the development of HE. This study was done to measure the serum zinc level in patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and a correlation was obtained between serum zinc level with grades of HE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was done on 150 patients with liver cirrhosis with HE at a tertiary care center in Jharkhand. All cases were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination, and a questionnaire and classified into different WHC grades of HE and CPC classes of cirrhosis. Routine blood investigations, imaging studies, and morning serum zinc levels were done for all patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of patients with liver cirrhosis with HE had zinc deficiency. There was a statistically highly significant (<i>P</i> < .00001) association between low serum zinc levels and WHC grades of HE. The serum zinc levels in different classes of cirrhosis showed highly significant differences (<i>P</i> < .00001). The mean serum zinc level was significantly low in patients who died (35.56 ± 11.65 vs 48.36 ± 10.91, <i>P</i> < .0001). The study revealed a strong positive correlation (r = .88, <i>P</i> = .048) between serum zinc and serum albumin levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum zinc is deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with higher severity of cirrhosis and higher grades of HE. All patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and hypoalbuminemia should be evaluated for zinc deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reference value of serum vitamin B12 among An-Najah National University.","authors":"Mohammad Alnees, Lubna Kharraz, Mahdi Awwad, Duha Najajra, Nizar Abu Hamdeh, Abdalaziz Darwish, Aseel Shabaro, Rola Hazzam, Asma Saleem, Shatha Qaffaf, Dalia Hmiedan, Sima Abuhayyat, Abdalla Kawasme, Reem Shekha, Majd Bawwab","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in cellular growth, DNA synthesis, and maintaining a healthy nervous system. Its deficiency can lead to various health issues, including cardiovascular problems. The reference range for vitamin B12 varies between populations due to cultural, genetic, and dietary differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 127 healthy An-Najah National University students aged between 18 and 25. Blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire assessed factors affecting vitamin B12 levels. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured using ACCUBIND ELIZA microwells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a reference range for serum vitamin B12 of 136-640 pg/mL (5^th to 95^th percentile) among the studied population, which differed from the manufacturer's claimed range of 200-835 pg/mL. Gender did not significantly affect the reference intervals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of establishing local reference values for laboratory tests like vitamin B12 due to variations in demographics. Further research in different Palestinian regions and age groups with larger sample sizes is recommended to refine these reference values.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) integration into India's NCD program - Obstacles and solutions for the implementation of guidelines at the national level.","authors":"Kanica Kaushal","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_458_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_458_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals who have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at high risk of metabolic comorbidities and can put a significant strain on healthcare systems. If not managed in a timely manner, NAFLD can lead to sustained healthcare costs, economic losses, and reduced health-related quality of life. In India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to prevent NAFLD and integrated public health measures into the existing National Program for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP NCD). However, 3 years after the integration, there is no clear measure of the extent of implementation of this program, and the exact facilitators and barriers to implementing the program are yet to be determined. The next step toward providing comprehensive and effective healthcare services to those affected by NAFLD is the implementation of NAFLD guidelines under the NP NCD. The article emphasizes the importance of replacing old reporting formats with updated ones that incorporate NAFLD. It also highlights the need for healthcare personnel and community health workers to receive multiple trainings. While measuring waist circumference (WC) and identifying patients who need referral poses challenges, we can overcome them by updating the Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) application to include NAFLD, recording WC in registers, and using up-to-date reporting formats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal perceptions and awareness regarding developmental dysplasia of the hip in children among mothers and pregnant women in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdulkaleq H Almatari, Nawaf F Alhazmi, Hasan M Jafar, Ali A Althagafi, Osama M Qasim, Faisal A Alghamdi, Nibras K Aljabri, Rayyan S Suqaty","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_72_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_72_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders that develop in utero, involving the femoral head and acetabular cup development, ranging from dysplasia to dislocation. The prevalence of DDH in Saudi Arabia is 10.46 per 1000 live births. However, the late presentation of DDH in Saudi Arabia is around 30%, believed to be significantly due to a lack of awareness of the disease among mothers and pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to measure maternal perceptions and awareness regarding DDH in children among mothers and pregnant women in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 406 women participated in an electronic survey. The survey questions were adapted from previously published research, and the questionnaire was available in Arabic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age distribution of the participants ranged from below 20 to over 50 years, with the largest group being 31-40 years old. Most of the participants had a university-level education (61.1%). The overall assessment showed a predominance of poor knowledge (41.1%), followed by good knowledge (34.7%), and then medium knowledge (24.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed significant knowledge gaps and barriers to the early detection and intervention of DDH among Makkah City mothers and pregnant women. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns, increased access to screening programs, and heightened healthcare provider knowledge to improve DDH's perception and awareness. Future interventions should focus on addressing these gaps and promoting early detection and intervention strategies to minimize the long-term consequences of DDH.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing diagnostic complexity: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) mimicking asthma exacerbation and infections in pediatric cases.","authors":"Murchana Khound, Bipul K Das, Sreejana Sharma, Jaya S Kaushik","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_33_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_33_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) presents diagnostic hurdles in pediatrics due to its resemblance to asthma or infections. An 11-year-old girl, known for recurrent asthma-related hospitalizations, presented with ongoing cough and breathing issues. Initial asthma treatment provided temporary relief, but her reliance on oxygen spurred further investigation. Radiological assessments initially suggested infection, confirmed as Klebsiella pneumonia, but antibiotic treatment proved insufficient. Elevated eosinophils, IgE levels, and specific IgE for Aspergillus fumigatus hinted at ABPA. Confirmation led to a successful three-month oral steroid course, combining therapies for effective management. Distinguishing ABPA from asthma and infections demands a thorough approach for timely identification and treatment in pediatric cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs assessment of military medicine education curriculum in medical students and upcoming challenges.","authors":"Abolfazl Khoshi, Mohammad Raeeszadeh, Jamal Akhavan Moghaddam, Hassan Goodarzi","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_374_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_374_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The curriculum of military medicine for medical students of universities of military medical sciences is a priority and a practical goal. Paying attention to the educational needs of students creates vitality and motivation among students for better learning and improving the learning environment. Frequent monitoring and updating of the content of military courses and modern teaching improve the quality and quantity of the military medicine curriculum.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This applied, inductive, and exploratory descriptive was conducted in a single cross-sectional and qualitative method. The data were collected using the brainstorming method and individual and collective Delphi techniques. The population included the medical students of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, who completed the course in military medicine. The data were collected by purposive sampling and classified until the saturation limit was reached. EXCEL 2019 and MAXQDA2020 software were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>This research was carried out in collaboration with the military medicine department of the university to identify the needs of students in the military medicine curriculum. First, the findings were collected in 22 axes. In the next step, the needs were prioritized in the four main components of the combat medicine curriculum (1 goal, 2 content, 3 teaching strategy, 4 evaluation), and the results were extracted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying the needs of students; improving the current military medicine curriculum; paying attention to individual differences, interests, and talents of students; and enhancing the motivation and level of satisfaction of students are the study results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical study of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Maharashtra.","authors":"Varsha Vivek Manade, Megha R Kotecha","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and study the risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcome of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) in terms of mortality, exenteration, eye salvage, and vision salvage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study was carried out over a period of two months. A detailed history was noted, and an ophthalmological examination was done. The diagnosis was done by Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and fungal culture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit, brain, and paranasal sinuses were performed. Medical (intravenous amphotericin B, posaconazole), surgical (retrobulbar amphotericin B injection, exenteration, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)), or combined management was evaluated, and clinical outcomes was noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 54.2 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.77/1. The most common underlying risk factor for ROCM was uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (70%), followed by the use of corticosteroids for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in 68% of patients. The most common clinical presentation was diminution of vision followed by eschar, ptosis, and proptosis. Medical and FESS were done in all patients; exenteration was done in 12% of patients. Sixty-six percent of patients were alive with regression of ROCM, 20% of patients were alive with residual, 8% of patients were alive with the progression of ROCM, and 6% of patients had expired. Among the ones who are alive, the ocular outcome was orbital exenteration in 12.76%, the eye was salvaged in 25.53 and vision salvage was achieved in 61.70%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROCM affects older males. Immunosuppression due to COVID-19 infection, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroid use in the management of COVID-19 are the main risk factors for the development of ROCM. Antifungal therapy along with surgical debridement decreases mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Greater Noida, U.P., India.","authors":"Nikita Maan, Abhinit Kumar, Nikhil Nayar, Kunal Kumar, Chaitanya Sheoran","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_674_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_674_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that causes major functional impairments, raises the risk of disability, and reduces life expectancy. It affects around 7 in 1000 people b/w the age of 15 and 35 years. Schizophrenia poses a great challenge not only for the patient but also for the people and the society around the patient. Family members who serve as informal primary carers may suffer personal expenses as a result of providing care for those who have major mental illnesses. One outcome that is regularly studied is the caregiver burden or the challenges encountered in providing care.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Greater Noida, U.P, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out at the School of medical sciences and Research, Sharda University. We enrolled 100 caregivers and it is assessed through the burden assessment scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers ranged in age from 20 to 85, with a mean age of 47 (SD=14.1). The male-to-female ratio was 1.7, with 63 men and 37 women present. The majority of the caregivers were parents (n=54), siblings (n=9), spouses (n=10), or their children (n=5). On the burden assessment scale, the severity of the burden was found on the basis of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is important to understand the mental health of caregivers in order to develop an appropriate intervention to deal with their mental health problems. Therefore, this study highlighted the need for psychological interventions not only for the patients but also for caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Protocol for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) task force study to strengthen the implementation of National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) in tribal population.","authors":"Sunil Kumar Raina, Bontha V Babu, Yogish C Basappa, Chaya R Hazarika, Felix K Jebasingh, Shariq R Masoodi, Nihal Thomas, Anna S Kerketta, Nand Kumar Menon","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_495_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_495_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the health culture of tribal community is important as health problems among tribal communities and their care is influenced by sociocultural factors, which will help in the implementation of health services. The conventional way of improving the access for the general populations may not suit the tribal populations owing to their distinct culture and owing to health systems factors as well. A stepwise process was followed for the development of a protocol to study to strengthen the implementation of National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases. The study was planned to be carried out across six tribal districts of India. A detailed protocol was built around Implementation Research Logic Model, primarily as a method for planning, executing, reporting, and synthesizing the implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary care physicians' knowledge and attitudes about obesity, adherence to treatment guidelines and its' association with confidence to treat obesity at the Saudi Ministry of Interior primary health care centers.","authors":"Lama Mohammed Al Saud, Saad Ebrahem Altowairqi, Anwar Ali Showail, Bader Saad Alzahrani, Maha M Arnous, Raya Mohammed Alsuhaibani","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_7_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_7_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Many primary care physicians (PCPs) believed that managing overweight and obesity is essential to their jobs, however, many believe that they were doing it ineffectively, unsatisfying, and had negative attitudes. We conducted this study to explore the knowledge, attitudes and adherence to obesity management guidelines, identify potential barriers that may prevent adherence of PCPs to obesity treatment guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this cross-sectional study and conducted a questionnaire sent via email to all PCPs in the Ministry of Interior centers in Riyadh, Al-Kharj, AlQassim, Wadi Ad Dawasir, Hail and Tabuk in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 119 PCPs participated in the survey, 61 (51.3%) males and 58 (48.7%) females. All respondents (<i>n</i> = 119, 100%) answered correctly that obesity is a disease. Of PCPs surveyed, genetics accounted for 75.6% of the responses as the cause of obesity. 79.8% believed that the best way for patients with obesity to lose weight was to engage in regular physical activity. The majority of PCPs (87.4%) thought that treating obesity should be a top priority, and 88.2% would typically recommend obesity therapy to their patients. Around 68.9% of PCPs thought that it's their patients' responsibility to lose weight. The majority will recommend obesity treatment and 75.6% would talk to their patients about weight concerns, while 60.5% would refer their patients to obesity surgery. There was a positive significant association between higher knowledge and better attitude and better adherence to treatment guidelines. More experienced PCPs were more confident. The most common perceived barrier was the patients' lack of desire to follow obesity treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary care clinics and PCPs play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating patients with obesity, according to Ministry of Health guidelines on the prevention and management of obesity. PCPs must not only acknowledge obesity as a chronic illness and the possible long-term consequences it may cause, but also provide comprehensive, multi-component interventions that include lifestyle changes, medication, and appropriate referrals for bariatric surgery when needed. Healthcare professionals must form a cooperative relationship with obese patients to ensure that the patients follow treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}