Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Clinical courses of elderly patients with community-treated pneumonia: A retrospective cohort in Northern Israel.","authors":"Miryam Davidson Gilron, Michael Hauzer, Sara Stone Harfuf, Nur Abbas, Gali Pariente, Mordechai Alperin, Dikla Agur-Cohen","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1836_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1836_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This retrospective cohort study investigates the clinical course of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) aged 75 and above. The study focuses specifically on the outcomes of outpatient treatment as an alternative to hospitalization, which poses inherent risks for this vulnerable population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study, conducted between 2016 and 2018, scrutinized data from 165 CAP cases of patients aged 75 and above, drawn from seven primary care clinics in northwestern Israel. The dataset encompassed various variables, including demographic details, functional status, comorbidities, clinical presentations, and treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As opposed to previous reports, the study revealed encouragingly low 30-day mortality and hospitalization rates of 3% and 13%, respectively, among the cohort receiving managed outpatient care. Further analysis revealed that chest X-rays were conducted in approximately 57% of cases, with pathological findings identified in 68% of those who underwent imaging. Additionally, certain factors emerged as potential predictors of poorer outcomes, including advanced age, functional impairment, and diagnosis during a home visit rather than in a clinic setting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings shed light on the nuanced challenges and considerations in managing pneumonia among elderly patients in outpatient settings. Notably, the study underscores the need for continued research and evaluation in this area to optimize care delivery and mitigate risks associated with hospitalization, ultimately enhancing the overall management of CAP in the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"1911-1918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and concurrent validity of the short 10-item Arabic clance impostor phenomenon scale: A follow-up validation against the original 20-item tool.","authors":"Saad M Alsaad, Nasser M AbuDujain","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_57_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_57_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The impostor phenomenon (IP) has been linked to anxiety, depression, and burnout. The widely used 20-item Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS-20) may be burdensome in research and applied contexts. While a 10-item short form (CIPS-10) has demonstrated strong psychometric performance internationally, the Arabic version has not been psychometrically tested. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the structural and construct validity of the Arabic CIPS-10.</p><p><strong>Settings design methods and materials: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional validation study ted using a secondary analysis of Arabic CIPS-20 and new data from 679 undergraduates (mean age 21.0 years, SD = 1.92) from three Saudi universities who completed an electronic survey that included the CIPS-20 and IPSS-3.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω assessed internal consistency. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlations to examine structural validity and convergent validity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Arabic CIPS-10 demonstrated excellent reliability (α =0.888; ω =0.889), with satisfactory item-rest correlations (0.505-0.742). Sampling adequacy was high (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] =0.913), and Bartlett's test was significant (χ²(45) =2855, <i>P</i> < .001). The PCA supported a unidimensional structure, with the first component (eigenvalue = 5.02) explaining 50.2% of the variance and factor loadings ranging from 0.590 to 0.811. The CIPS-10 correlated strongly with the CIPS-20 (r = 0.963, 95% CI 0.957-0.968, <i>P</i> < .001) and moderately with the IPSS-3 (r = 0.532, 95% CI 0.425-0.624, <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Arabic CIPS-10 is psychometrically sound and efficient, offering a practical alternative to the full CIPS-20 for assessing the impostor phenomenon in Arabic-speaking populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"2107-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices from the field: Staff perspectives on Manasadhara day-care and its role in strengthening community mental health and family caregiving.","authors":"S K Divya, Hareesh Angothu, Shanivaram Reddy, Krishna Prasad Muliyala, Rajani Parthasarathy, Jagadisha Thirthalli","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2196_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2196_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Day-care centres provide meaningful engagement to persons with severe mental illness (SMI) and are a key component of community-based psychiatric rehabilitation. 'Manasadhara', a state-funded public-private partnership in Karnataka, offers such day-care services across district centres.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore staff perspectives on the benefits and challenges of the Manasadhara programme for service users and their caregivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 staff members using a semi-structured interview guide developed through pilot testing and expert review following one focused group meeting. Those with at least 6 months of work experience were included purposively after obtaining informed consent. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a combined inductive-deductive content analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staff reported multidimensional improvements in persons with SMI: (1) Functional independence-better hygiene, routine adherence. (2) Clinical and behavioural changes-reduced aggression, improved cooperation. (3) Pre-vocational skills-development of work habits, punctuality, and attempts to return to employment or support family businesses. (4) Financial and personal recovery gains. Staff further report that caregivers have reduced supervision burden, improved ability to work and strengthened family relationships. Mechanisms of change included behavioural activation, peer modelling and graded skill exposure. Reported challenges are related to financial, logistics and systemic issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Manasadhara programme provides structured engagement to persons with SMI. Staff reported a range of benefits to both persons with SMI and their caregivers, and a few challenges demonstrating its potential as a scalable, public-funded model for community-based psychiatric rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"2100-2106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney health for all: Caring for people, protecting the planet.","authors":"Raymond Vanholder, Dina Abdellatif, Augusto Cesar Soares Dos Santos, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Natarajan Gopalakrishnan, Bill Wang, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Alessandro Balducci, Ágnes Haris, Manjusha Yadla, Li-Li Hsiao","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_697_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_697_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current kidney care model - focused on late-stage disease and in-center hemodialysis - is unsustainable because of costs, environmental burden, poor outcomes, and reduced quality of life. The 78^th World Health Assembly's recognition of kidney disease as a serious health threat presents a critical opportunity to reshape kidney care. Aligned with this, the 2026 World Kidney Day theme, \"Kidney Health for All: Caring for People, Protecting the Planet,\" calls for a systematic change. A sustainable model must prioritize early detection and prevention, reducing the need for kidney replacement therapy. Transplantation and home dialysis benefit people with kidney failure, environment, and society. Dialysis itself must become more eco-friendly without compromising care quality, recognizing that planetary perturbations in turn affect kidney health. Conservative care should also be considered, particularly for elderly and frail patients, if the quality-of-life benefits outweigh the perspectives offered by dialysis. Achieving this shift requires coordinated action across all stakeholders; education and engagement of the public, policy makers, and health professionals to raise awareness about the threat of kidney disease; and an urgent move toward patient-centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"1863-1872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and outcomes of primary open-angle glaucoma.","authors":"Salem Ahmed S Alshehri, Yara Ahmed S Alshehri, Yara Abdullah M Alziyad, Danah Mansour Al Mutib, Remas Dhafer A Al Mohammed, Mohammed Safar Alshahrani, Mshari Mohammad M Al-Asmari, Yasser Saad AlFawaz, Amjad Mobark Al Thamr, Abdulrahman Mohammed Abdulhadi Alamri","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_23_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_23_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by progressive optic nerve damage often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Treatment for POAG currently includes medical treatment, surgical intervention, or their combination. The goal of this study is to evaluate and contrast the efficacy of these several treatment methods through a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on IOP reduction, visual field maintenance, and treatment related adverse effects. Studies published on POAG management were reviewed and meta analysis was done using a systematic method. Eighty RCTs in all involving patients who had either medical treatment (e.g., prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers), surgical intervention (e.g., trabeculectomy, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery), or their combination. While secondary outcomes included disease progression, quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and side effects, the primary outcomes were IOP reduction (≥20%) and visual field progression. Regarding IOP reduction and the mean IOP reduction, the meta analysis evaluated the variations between the treatment arms. The research comprised diverse patient groups, therapy methods, and follow up periods. Although a substantial proportion of patients across medical, surgical, and combination achieved ≥ 20% IOP reduction, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups considering IOP lowering efficacy (P = 0.5301). Surgical procedures displayed the greatest mean IOP decrease, followed by medical and combination approaches, but the difference between treatment groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.8493). Adverse effects were common across all treatments, most frequently ocular pain, hyperemia, and blurred vision. In managing POAG, this study demonstrates that medical, surgical, and combination therapies are all effective in lowering IOP and preserving visual fields. Among the therapeutic approaches, no clear superiority was identified among treatment modalities regarding mean IOP reduction. Since side effects are present among all treatments, therapy should be individualized based on patient characteristics, disease severity, and risk factors to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"1888-1903"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes mellitus type 2-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.","authors":"Shu Juan Wang, Shun Yi Feng, Xing Zhu Zhang","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_218_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_218_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prevalence, death, and corresponding age-standardized rates were assessed on the basis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, and future trends up to 2040 were determined using the autoregressive integrated moving average model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, T2DM-CKD caused 107,559,955 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 99,170,797 to 115,994,732) prevalence cases and 477,273 (95% UI: 401,541 to 565,951) deaths globally. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) were 1259.6 (95% UI: 1162 to 1359.9) and 5.7 (95% UI: 4.8 to 6.8), respectively. The highest ASPRs and ASDRs were observed in Southeast Asia (1739.3, 95% UI: 1595.7 to 1883.9) and Andean Latin America (14.9, 95% UI: 11.5 to 19.2), respectively. Mauritius (1884.2, 95% UI: 1644.5 to 2141.8) and American Samoa (51.9, 95% UI: 40 to 64.7) had the highest ASPR and ASDR, respectively. Overall, the ASPRs (1.11-fold) and ASDRs (1.37-fold) were higher in men than in women in 2021, particularly in the 65-69 age bracket. By 2040, 122,873,316 prevalences and 699,043 deaths are projected to increase by 14.24% and 46.47%, respectively, relative to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Globally, T2DM-CKD poses a considerable disease burden but is preventable and treatable. Thus, it should be considered in global health policies, particularly for older populations and in low- and middle-sociodemographic index regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"2016-2024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing innovative medical devices with public health policies.","authors":"Ramya Nair, Kajal Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2035_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2035_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"2161-2162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of seven plus one initiative on prevention and control of dengue infection at tertiary care institute - A pre- and post-education intervention.","authors":"Santosh Kumar, S Teja Rama Krishna, Abhishek Sadasivan, Pathak E D S Dutt, Poojashree Rajaram","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1101_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1101_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue continues to pose a major public health challenge in India, particularly during monsoon seasons. Frontline workers play a crucial role in surveillance and prevention, yet gaps in their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) often limit effective control. The Seven-Plus-One (7 + 1) initiative emphasises weekly source reduction and early fever management through community engagement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the impact of a 7 + 1-based educational intervention on dengue-related KAP among frontline workers in a tertiary care teaching institute in Rishikesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pre-post interventional study was conducted among 131 frontline workers, including security personnel, sanitation staff, engineering staff, and students. A structured, pre-tested KAP questionnaire was administered before and after a 7 + 1-focused training session. Data were analysed using SPSS v25, and pre-post differences were assessed using McNemar's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvement was observed across KAP domains. Recognition of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> as the dengue vector increased from 14.5% to 85.5% (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and awareness of clean stagnant water as a breeding site increased from 61.8% to 90.8% (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Positive care-seeking attitudes (consulting a doctor immediately upon fever) increased from 94.7% to 99.2%. Preventive practices improved markedly, with daily cleaning increasing from 14.5% to 45% and weekly cleaning from 32.1% to 74% (<i>P</i> = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Seven-Plus-One educational intervention effectively enhanced dengue-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices among frontline workers. Routine incorporation of weekly source-reduction activities and structured awareness modules may improve institutional dengue preparedness and community resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 5","pages":"1938-1944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explanatory mixed-method study to unearth the cascade of events of implementation and coverage challenges of tuberculosis preventive treatment in two tribal-dominant districts of central India.","authors":"Manjula Singh, Akash R Singh, Vikrant Kabirpanthi, Somi Soni, Amber Kumar, Sanjeev Bakshi, Digvesh K Patel, Manjeet S Chalga","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1930_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1930_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) has the potential to achieve the greatest reduction in new TB cases as a single intervention in the high-burden countries like India.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study assessed the coverage and adherence of TPT among household child contacts (HHCC) aged <5 years in two resource-constrained districts and explored related health system and beneficiary-level barriers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An explanatory mixed-method design was adopted.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>The quantitative phase estimated TPT coverage and adherence through initiation and completion rates, followed by a qualitative phase to explore implementation challenges. Data were collected from 320 HHCC and eight programme stakeholders between November 2022 and March 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 594 notified TB patients, 320 HHCC were identified and all were eligible for TPT. The initiation rate was 17.5% and completion rate 9.7%. Among non-initiators, 91% were uninformed and 8% considered TPT unnecessary. Around 7% discontinued treatment due to interrupted drug supply. Poor initiation was associated with specific TB Units, limited staff experience, and absence of home visits. Qualitative findings revealed key health system barriers such as ineffective training on TPT rationale, communication, lack of home visits, and <i>Nikshay</i> portal issues. Beneficiary related barriers included hesitancy, migration, misconceptions about TPT, and supply disruptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TPT coverage and adherence among HHCC were suboptimal, with health system challenges outweighing beneficiary barriers. Strengthening staff training on TPT rationale effective communication, supervision along with ensuring consistent drug supply may prove essential to improve TPT implementation in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 4","pages":"1680-1689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Riyadh region.","authors":"Nujud M Alsultan, Norah Alsadun, Mahiah Bin Hlayl, Waleed Alayafi, Yahya H Alayafi, Nouf Khunkar","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_491_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_491_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the world's most significant challenges is antimicrobial resistance. The WHO agreed to tackle the threat of antibiotic resistance globally. The CDC announced in 2013 that the human race is now in the \"post-antibiotic period.\" In 2014, the WHO warned that the problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more severe.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the population's knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Riyadh region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Primary health care centers (PHC) in four regions of Riyadh (North, East, South, and West). A random sample of 639 patients/visitors was selected in each region by stratified random sampling. Data were collected through Self-administered, closed-type questionnaires, which were analyzed by Chi-square and relative risk calculation. Results: Sixty-five percent of participants had insufficient knowledge about antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Twenty-four percent of participants had negative attitudes toward antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research results conclude that the Riyadh Community possibly has a high percentage of insufficient antibiotic awareness. The results may benefit the Health Education Specialists in preparing a suitable intervention to enhance the use of antibiotics in the future among patients or help Specialists in Health Promotion to establish educational programs aimed at HCWs to help them prompt their method of delivering information to the public, as they are the source of information for the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"15 4","pages":"1556-1561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148447560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}