Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Call for Reforms in the NEET-UG Examination (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test - Undergraduate): Addressing Human Resources in Health for India, the World's Most Populous Country.","authors":"Piyush Ranjan, Sarthak Kain, Raman Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1830_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1830_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Undergraduate (NEET-UG) in India serves as a unified admission examination for undergraduate medical courses, aiming to standardize assessment across diverse educational backgrounds. Despite its goals, NEET-UG has faced criticism over fairness, excessive reliance on coaching, and its impact on students' holistic development. The article reviews the limitations of the current NEET-UG format and proposes reforms, emphasizing the need to align the syllabus more closely with medical requirements by reducing physics and chemistry content and prioritizing biology. It suggests restructuring NEET-UG into a two-step examination to improve differentiation among candidates and reduce malpractice. Introducing a computer-based format, expanding the question pool, and adding interdisciplinary topics relevant to healthcare, such as Psychology, Nutrition, Physical Education, Cell biology, Genetics, public health and sociology, are also recommended. Additionally, the paper compares NEET-UG with global medical entrance exams, noting that broader subject assessments and critical thinking skills could enhance candidate evaluation. The Indian medical education system is the largest in the world. Given its vast capacities, it is crucial to reform the selection process to ensure that human resources in health can effectively address the pressing public health needs of India, the world's most populated country. The proposed reforms aim to create a fairer, more comprehensive selection process that minimizes stress, encourages holistic education, and better meets medical education standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5453-5458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benign eyelid lesions and its histopathological picture: A case-series.","authors":"Shalini Kumari","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_760_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_760_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our prospective case series evaluates the clinical feature, histopathological picture, and treatment of benign eyelid lesions in a tertiary referral setting. Participants were first nine patients referred to the author with unilateral eyelid swelling. Main outcome measures were clinical features, histopathological picture, and response to surgical intervention. Benign eyelid lesions in our case series were epidermal inclusion cyst, giant conjunctival inclusion cyst, epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, intradermal nevus, dermal nevus, apocrine hidrocystoma, capillary hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma. The histopathological diagnosis of eight lesions were consistent with their respective clinical diagnosis, while one lesion was misdiagnosed. Surgical excision was done in all cases. One case underwent revision surgery for complication. This series highlights the importance of achieving higher diagnostic accuracy with thorough knowledge of clinical features and subsequent confirmation with histopathological analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5903-5907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pandemic on families, parenting stress, and emotional well-being of children in villages under Mugalur Subcentre, Sarjapur PHC, Bengaluru.","authors":"Soumya Surendran, Deepthi N Shanbhag, Loana Mariyam Sebastian, Ben Mathews, Joel Harry, V Rachel, G S Ranjitha","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_737_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_737_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected the health status of the population but has also had a serious impact on family dynamics, especially in the relationship between parents and children. Home confinement along with the closures of schools has had a strong negative impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of children. This study assesses the effects of the pandemic on families, parenting stress, and emotional well-being of children in villages under Mugalur Sub-centre, Sarjapur PHC, Bengaluru.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2022 to April 2022 among parents having children in the age group of 4 to 10 years residing in villages under Mugalur Sub-center, Sarjapur PHC, Bengaluru District. The proportional allocation sampling method was followed to collect data from 210 participants using the effects of questionnaire, parent stress scale, and strength and difficulties questionnaire- parent version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 210 study participants, 105 (50%) were found to have moderate to high stress due to the pandemic. Parenting stress was found to be high in 40 (20%) parents and moderate in 63 (30%) parents. Assessment of the emotional well-being of children showed that 24 (11.5%) children have clinically significant problems. Significant associations were found between the effect of, parental stress and high parental stress correlated with low emotional well-being of children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the urgent need for targeted mental health support for families, particularly during crises such as the pandemic. Interventions aimed at reducing parental stress and promoting children's emotional well-being are crucial for mitigating adverse effects and ensuring the long-term well-being of families and communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5697-5703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring safe and effective pharmacotherapy: The role of \"community pharmacology\" in attaining \"health for all\" from the Indian perspective.","authors":"Tirthankar Deb, Alapan Das, Bisweswar Ojha, Prasanjit Das","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1226_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1226_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel approach of \"Community Pharmacology\" integrates pharmacological principles with community health to achieve the \"Health for all\" goal through safe and efficient health care. Pharmacovigilance, medication errors (ME), irrational prescriptions, and antimicrobial resistance in the community could be the key areas. Though life expectancy and other health indicators have improved in India, the disparity between rural and urban quality healthcare access should be addressed. Despite India's enormous progress in vaccine manufacture, supply, and mass immunization through the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) and Mission Indradhanush, issues remain in incomplete coverage and vaccine hesitancy. Other key challenges include high health expenditures, shortage of trained healthcare professionals, and lack of patient safety and irrational pharmacotherapy in remote areas. Community Pharmacology offers a multifaceted solution in community healthcare delivery through a well-designed integrated network equipped with skills in practical implications of pharmacology aimed at better medication supply, storage and dispensing, adherence to formularies according to the community needs, preparing Essential Medicine List and implementation of rational prescribing. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring, and evidence-based usage of different drug formulations or drug delivery systems must be implemented beyond the tertiary level, involving both public and private stakeholders. Integrating Community Pharmacology into public health is crucial for fulfilling the global health initiatives to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as attaining India's ambitious overall development targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5465-5471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the urgent need for tobacco control among adolescents.","authors":"Shubham Jagannath Shivale, Divya Madamanchi","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_941_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_941_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5935-5936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of co-amoxiclav, cefpodoxime proxetil, and levofloxacin in patients with acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis: A prospective, open-label, parallel group study.","authors":"Suja Xaviar, K Girish, B Jagannath, Saibal Das, Probin Joseph","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_693_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_693_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No clinical trials have compared the efficacy and safety of beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones in acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), cefpodoxime proxetil, and levofloxacin monotherapy in patients with acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, open-label, parallel-group study where 90 patients with acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis were equally divided into three groups to receive either tablet co-amoxiclav 625 mg thrice daily, tablet cefpodoxime proxetil 200 mg twice daily, or tablet levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for five days. The efficacy was assessed by subjective clinical improvement and objective bacteriological cure at the end of treatment. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-amoxiclav, cefpodoxime proxetil, and levofloxacin showed comparable clinical responses on days three and seven; however, on day five, levofloxacin showed a significantly reduced cure rate, but a higher improvement rate, than co-amoxiclav and cefpodoxime proxetil. Bacteriologically, the responses were similar in all three groups at week 1. All drugs were well tolerated with a few self-limiting adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-amoxiclav, cefpodoxime proxetil, and levofloxacin showed a comparable clinical and bacteriological cure in acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis and showed a good safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5570-5574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the mask-wearing habit as a contributing factor for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.","authors":"Bhawna Saini, Ambika Gupta, Suman Bisla, Komal Kumia, Shubhangi Shukla, Kime Yama","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_887_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_887_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Association of mask-wearing habit and mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Context: </strong>During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an absurd surge in cases of mucormycosis. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was found to be associated with the presence of diabetes, use of systemic steroids, prolonged use of masks, and others. The improper use of masks was proposed to be treacherous.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>A case-control study was planned in which the patients coming to the dental OPD over a period of 6 months were asked to fill out a questionnaire validated by experts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 participants were included in the study. Out of 100 patients, 43 opted for surgical/N95 masks, whereas others were seen using different fabric mass. Mask-wearing habits are not a contributing factor for CAM. (<i>P</i> value > 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Such studies give us an idea of the impact of hygiene habits on infectious diseases, further studies are required on a larger sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5766-5774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of uncontrolled blood pressure among hypertensive patients in a rural population of Salem, Tamil Nadu.","authors":"Shankar Radhakrishnan, B Sanjana Arunthathi, S Arulprakash, S Sangeetha","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_709_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_709_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is a prevalent public health concern globally. It imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low and middle-income countries like India. Despite the availability of effective treatments, hypertension remains poorly controlled leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Rural areas often face unique challenges in managing hypertension due to limited healthcare access and awareness.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and to identify associated factors among hypertensive patients in rural Salem.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Rural Health Training Centre over six months. A total of 382 hypertensive adults aged 18 years and above were included. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and clinical profiles were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Clinical measurements included blood pressure, BMI, and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression to determine factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (62%) among rural hypertensive patients. Factors significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension included older age (>60 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, <i>P</i> = 0.027), obesity (OR = 2.7, <i>P</i> = 0.001), employment (OR = 1.5, <i>P</i> = 0.048), diabetes (OR = 2.6, <i>P</i> = 0.036), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.8, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and lack of physical activity (OR = 3.2, <i>P</i> = 0.034). Compliance to treatment was associated with better blood pressure control (<i>P</i> = 0.002) with noncompliant patients having 1.23 times higher odds of uncontrolled hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study emphasizes the urgent need for tailored interventions addressing lifestyle modifications, patient education, adherence to treatment regimens, and improved healthcare access to enhance hypertension management. These efforts are crucial for reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases and improving public health outcomes in rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5818-5824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among adults attending primary healthcare in Bahrain.","authors":"Dhuha F Alqassab, Maryam J Hasan, Ayman M AlSaadoon, Aysha J AlMuqahwi, Farah A AlAwadhi, Samya A Bahram, Adel S Alsayyad","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_968_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_968_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most diagnosed digestive disorders, with much-conducted research assessing its prevalence and risk factors associated with it worldwide. However, there are no published previous studies to determine such disease and its burden in Bahrain. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the risk factors associated with GERD among adults attending primary care in Bahrain.</p><p><strong>Material and methodology: </strong>A total of 385 adults aged 18 years and above participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study in the period from 1^st to 27^th of April 2023. The sample was collected randomly through an interview-based validated questionnaire from 10 health centers selected randomly. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: Demographic characteristics, risk factors that are associated with GERD and (GERD-Q) questionnaire with a scoring rate for the diagnosis of GERD, in which a score of 8 or more gives us the diagnosis of GERD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A response rate of 93.6% was accomplished. Most of the participants were female (53.2%), Bahraini (88.6%), university-educated (50.9%) and married (71.2%). The mean age of the participants was 41.5 (SD = ±14.4 years). The prevalence of GERD was 41.5% which was statistically significant associated with family history of GERD, history of hypertension, sleeping within less than 1 hour after dinner, bariatric surgery and use of NSAIDs or Aspirin regularly (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of GERD was 41.5%, which is higher than in the Middle East, East Asia and Western countries. Many modifiable risk factors where associate with it which deserves the conduction of national prevention programs and educational campaigns to prevent this disease and its complications. Further studies are needed to assess other risk factors and the effect of GERD on the overall health status and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5758-5765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal pattern and effect of COVID-19 on the trend of TB, DRTB, paediatrics TB and TB with HIV Coinfection: A decadal trend analysis.","authors":"Pushpendra Bairwa, Mahesh C Verma, Asha Kumari, Ajay Gupta, Yamini Singh","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_466_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_466_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India shares 2/3 of global TB burden. MDR and HIV coinfections are the main obstacle in achieving the successful TB control because it decrease the therapy effect.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the long-term trends of incidence of tuberculosis cases and identify any differences between actual and projected cases after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrolective study was conducted in SMS medical college, Jaipur, and data were extracted from state TB cell and annual report published by central TB division. A multiplicative model was used for conducting time series analysis. The projected yearly number of cases were estimated using the line of best fit based on the least square method.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>An increasing trend in the incidence of TB was observed, rising from 1,517,363 in 2008 to 2,404,815 in 2019. Similarly, DRTB also showed an increasing trend from 10,267 (0.67% of total new cases) in 2011 to 66,255 (2.75%) in 2019. The new cases of DRTB in 2020 were significantly lower than the projected number. The trend of HIV coinfection in TB cases fluctuated over the past decade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal a concerning upward trajectory in TB incidence and DRTB cases over the decade. The fluctuating trend in HIV coinfection in TB cases emphasizes the complexity of addressing these interconnected health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"13 12","pages":"5555-5561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11709054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}