Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in a rural village of India.","authors":"Ranveer S Jadon, Hiba Anis, Shivam Pandey, Piyush Ranjan, Naval K Vikram","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_196_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_196_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant health burden in India, particularly in rural areas where healthcare, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors present significant obstacles. Understanding of NCDs in these rural regions lags considerably behind that of urban areas.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the prevalence, demographic, educational, and clinical profiles of obese and diabetic individuals in a rural village of Rajasthan, India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of a health screening which was done in Aruda village of Rajasthan, India, in May-June, 2023. A total of 364 individuals were screened, and their clinical examination was done. WHO Asia pacific criteria were used to define generalized obesity (GO) (BMI ≥25 Kg/m²) and abdominal obesity (AO) (waist circumference ≥90 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females). Student <i>t</i>-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the analysis. A <i>P</i> value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The prevalence of GO was 20%, while AO was 39% among the screened population. The prevalence of diabetes (GO: 15% and AO: 12%) and hypertension (GO: 47% and AO: 44%) was significantly higher in individuals with GO and AO as compared to nonobese individuals' groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in gender and educational status of both GO and AO groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity is significantly high in this rural village population, and AO is comparatively more prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 8","pages":"3357-3362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating complexities: A pediatric case of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.","authors":"Mridula Goswami, Riya Marie Johnson, Rimshheanam","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_184_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_184_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities such as ectodermal dysplasia, post-axial polydactyly, chondrodysplasia, and congenital heart defects. The syndrome presents unique challenges in pediatric dentistry due to its diverse oral manifestations and the need for multidisciplinary care. This case report presents a 12-year-old male with EVC syndrome presented with bilateral polydactyly, a syndromic facial appearance, and congenital heart defects. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed several missing and malformed teeth. A comprehensive treatment plan was formulated which included prosthetic rehabilitation with removable partial dentures. Regular follow-ups were conducted to assess overall oral health. Multidisciplinary management, including dental, cardiac, and psychological care, is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving oral health, function, and quality of life, thereby enhancing the psychological well-being and self-esteem of affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 8","pages":"3578-3581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Pathways to care among antenatal women in South India - A sequential explanatory mixed-method study\".","authors":"Veneza Zareen Lyngdoh Jarain, Jayalakshmy Ramakrishnan, Vanessa Ravel, Punithakumary Purushothaman, T Susila, Zunatha Banu, Palanivel Chinnakali","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1641_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1641_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poor access to effective antenatal care (ANC) is identified as one of the key challenges in reducing maternal mortality. Antenatal women seek ANC through different pathways, including primary health centers (PHCs), private clinics/hospitals, and tertiary care facilities, influenced by factors such as perceived quality of care, financial constraints, proximity, and cultural preferences. The study aimed to determine the pathways antenatal women choose to seek ANC, reasons for preferring such point of care or facilities, and the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) incurred for an ANC visit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This tertiary hospital-based mixed-method study was conducted among 303 antenatal women in South India. The study was conducted in 2019. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, utilization of ANC services, reasons for choosing each facility, and the costs incurred during an ANC visit. Among some participants, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the facilitators and barriers to using ANC services at primary healthcare centers, private healthcare facilities, and tertiary care facilities. Collected quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp). In-depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Codes were grouped to form similar categories which in turn were grouped to themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 303, 279 pregnant women registered in their respective PHCs, the remaining 24 participants (7.9%) did not register or seek ANC from a PHC. Most of them mentioned the lack of facilities and unawareness about a PHC in their locality as the reasons for not using ANC services at PHC. The highest OOPE incurred was at a private facility, where the median cost per visit was INR 1400 (990-2115) compared with PHC, which was INR 100 (20-360).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate action has to be implemented at PHCs to improve the utilization rate and to reduce OOPE incurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 8","pages":"3279-3286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does null hypothesis or significance tests through frequentist statistics answer the requirements of the science in medicine and public health?","authors":"Sunil K Raina","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_22_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_22_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The amount of significance attached to statistics and more specifically to the role of the null hypothesis and significance testing in the proving or disproving of a relation in medicine and public health and as integral to conduct of research requires involvement of a deeper thinking. Does this research (statistics driven) serve the larger benefits of science we should be conducting and has not science survived, thrived, and helped human living adapt to the continued challenges of the nature over past many centuries on this planet without unduly worrying about the statistical significance defining the relationships our ancestors theorized on the basis of repeated observations over time or through plain trial and error.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 8","pages":"3101-3103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective use of saline-diluted subcutaneous glargine in very low birth weight babies with neonatal hyperglycemia.","authors":"Akhila Bhandarkar, Bobba Kiran Kumar, V P Praveen, Jayasree Chandramathi","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2029_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2029_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case series documents two very low birth weight neonates who presented with spontaneous hyperglycemia even after discontinuation of steroids in a critical care setting. Despite attempts to regulate their glucose levels using intravenous insulin infusion as per standard protocol, we faced challenges with dosage adjustment and observed significant fluctuations in their blood sugar levels requiring frequent glycemic monitoring (every 2 hours). As hyperglycemia continued, we decided to switch to the subcutaneous route of administration and reduce the frequency of glycemic monitoring. However, due to weight-based insulin dose calculation, a very low insulin dose had to be administered necessitating insulin dilution. Due to unavailability of commercial diluents, we explored saline as a diluent for glargine based on acidic pH similarity between glargine and saline. We observed that the saline-diluted glargine administered subcutaneously was effective in managing hyperglycemia, and their blood glucose levels stabilized within the desired range requiring less frequent monitoring (every 6 hours).</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 8","pages":"3542-3545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Coping self-efficacy scale\" evaluation of the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale.","authors":"Ozden Gokdemir, Ogulcan Come, Cetin Akın, Merthan Tunay","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1612_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1612_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of the study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) for family physicians.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study is a correlational cross-sectional type of methodological study conducted with 255 family physicians. In the research, data were collected using descriptive data record form and the CSES. The collected data were analyzed using the following statistical methods: \"Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA),\" \"Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA),\" \"Cronbach's Alpha.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved family physicians (mean age: 38.5 ± 10.1, 59.2% women), with 72.2% married and 59.6% having children. Work settings varied, with 39.2% in family health centers, 38.0% in university hospitals, and 16.5% in state hospitals. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the CSES, revealing a three-factor model with strong validity (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) =0.956). The model exhibited good fit indices (χ² =61.432, df = 132, <i>P</i> = 1.000; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =0.000; goodness of fit (GFI) =0.998; comparative fit index (CFI) =1.00; incremental fit index (IFI) =1.003; relative fit index (RFI) =0.997; normed fit index (NFI) =0.997). Reliability was high (Cronbach's α =0.978), indicating robust internal consistency across factors. This instrument appears reliable and valid for assessing family physicians' self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings affirm the reliability and validity of the CSES instrument in assessing self-efficacy among family physicians, providing a valuable tool for understanding and enhancing their professional capabilities in diverse healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2746-2751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adolescent with newly diagnosed Wilson disease having underlying type 1 diabetes: A previously unreported combination.","authors":"Neeraj Kumar, Sunisha Jakhar, Dinkar Yadav, Neha Yadav, Kapil Bhalla","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1820_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1820_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wilson's disease is a copper deposition disease; involving the brain, liver, and eyes with onset commonly in adolescent age group. The onset of symptoms typically occurs around 12-15 years of age. The usual manifestations are hepatic (40% of the cases), neurological (35%) or psychiatric (10%). It has been seen associated with various endocrinopathies like hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism but its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus very rare. To the best of our knowledge, no case has been reported about association of type 1 diabetes mellitus with Wilson disease. Here we report a case of 14-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus one year back, now presented with neurological symptoms. On further investigations patient was found to have Wilson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"3019-3021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P300 event-related potential in children with hypothyroidism.","authors":"Naveen Ravi, Rajay N Bharshankar, Sandip M Hulke, Avinash Eknath Thakre, Santosh Laxman Wakode, N Subba Krishna, Nitin Ashok John, Madhuri Taranikanti, M Kalpana, K Prafull, Vandana S Daulatabad, Anish Singhal, Vidya Ganji, Madhusudhan Umesh, Archana Gaur","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, which adversely affects the developing central nervous system in the pediatric population. Despite treatment, patients may continue to experience neurological impairments such as cognitive dysfunction. P300 is an event-related potential (ERP) which is often considered as a marker for cognition. In this study, P300 was recorded in hypothyroid children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study involved 52 children between the ages of 8 and 15 years who were newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Auditory P300 latencies and amplitudes were recorded in the study population at the time of diagnosis, 1-month and 6-months follow-up. A <i>P</i> value of < 0.05 was assigned for statistical significance, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the same.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the amplitudes and latencies of P300 appeared to increase and decrease respectively, during successive follow-ups compared to the values recorded at the time of diagnosis. However, these changes were not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study did not show any significant changes in P300 latencies and amplitudes. A shorter follow-up timeframe and a smaller sample size are possible limitations of this study. There is a possibility that P300 may show considerable changes over a longer course of disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2892-2896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing health conditions and economic influence on healthcare infrastructure: A comparative analysis of India, China, Japan, and South Korea.","authors":"Saurabh Kumar, Umme Afifa, Shilpa Reddy, Amit Kumar, Sitaram Choudhary, Ashok Kumar, Sadhna Singh","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1697_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1697_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asian nations are striving for rapid economic growth, but factors like climate change, pollution, and unhealthy lifestyles are rising alongside, posing serious health risks. Asia, home to diverse cultures and economies, includes top global GDP contributors like China, Japan, India, and South Korea. Despite economic progress, Asia faces high mortality from illness, especially non-communicable diseases (NCDs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyse health conditions and the impact of economic growth on healthcare systems in these four countries while conducting a comparative analysis of their healthcare outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Key indicators like hospital bed availability, active physicians, and healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP are examined. The study focuses on NCDs, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Economic growth has led to better healthcare access, but NCDs now dominate as the leading causes of death. Healthcare infrastructure improves with GDP growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite economic gains, managing the growing burden of NCDs is essential for improving health outcomes in these Asian nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2729-2738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric (measurement) proficiency among <i>AanganWadi</i> workers (AWW).","authors":"Harish Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_117_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_117_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"3088-3089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}