Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the self-care activities among hypertensive patients working in an industrial setting: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Manisha Gogurla, Darivemula Surendra Babu, Sudha Bala, Devidas P Tondare, Susheela Islavath, Vinolya Ganduri","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_418_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_418_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the fifth National Family Health Survey, an estimated 21.3% of women and 24% of men aged 15 years and older in India were found to have hypertension. The Joint National Committee recommends that people with hypertension engage in six self-care activities. They are adhering to antihypertensive medication, maintaining or losing weight, following a low-salt diet, limiting alcohol, engaging in regular physical activity, and eliminating tobacco use. The objectives of the study are to assess the self-care activities in hypertensive patients among industrial workers and to determine the factors affecting the self-care activities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Hyderabad, and included 170 insured persons who worked in an industrial setting and had known hypertension. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire (H-SCALE AND PHQ-4). A binary logistics regression was done to determine the factors associated with self-care practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medication adherence was 63.5%, adherence to a low-salt diet and physical activity was 23.5% and 32.4%, respectively. About 78.2% were nonsmokers and 57.1% abstained from alcohol. Good weight management practices were seen only in 10% of participants. The overall prevalence of poor self-care practices was found to be 51.8%. Factors like age, illiteracy, semi-skilled and skilled workers, participants perceived health status, and unsatisfactory working environment were significantly associated with poor self-care practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Target health education for older adults and low-literacy groups on low-salt diets, exercise, and weight control. Enhance workplace health for industrial workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2980-2986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural risk factors of cancer among the general population in Manipur: Findings from the monitoring survey of cancer risk factors and health system response in North East Region.","authors":"Sushma Khuraijam, Shantibala Konjengbam, Soubam Christina, Loukrakpam Victoria Devi, Phurailatpam Madhubala Devi","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_178_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_178_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Manipur and shares common modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to provide an estimate of the prevalence of behavioural risk factors of cancer among the general population in Manipur.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A cross-sectional survey conducted in Manipur, India.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>This study is prepared from the findings of the Monitoring survey of Cancer Risk Factors and Health System Response in North East Region conducted between November 2019 and December 2020 in Manipur wherein 2771 adults from a target of 2880 households participated. The prevalence of behavioural risk factors for cancer was estimated.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of current tobacco use was 52.1% (63% among men and 41.4% among women), while for alcohol use, 32% of men were current alcohol users as compared to only 1% among women. The average number of servings of fruits or vegetables per day was 1.9, and red meat was consumed on an average of 1.8 days in a week. 8.5% of the participants performed insufficient physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of current use of tobacco and alcohol was high among men. Current tobacco use was also high among women, while vegetable and fruit consumption was low.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2782-2787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging tradition and science: Safeguarding India's newborns.","authors":"Gayatri R Nair, Suzan S Ravella","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1514_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1514_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"3047-3048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden and predictors of peripheral neuropathy among cultivators and laborers using biothesiometer at primary healthcare setting: A cross-sectional study from Nutakkhi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.","authors":"Shanmukh Krishna Kopuru, Arti Gupta, K Mohammed Shoyaib, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Nalukurthi Midhun Teja","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1871_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1871_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral neuropathy has a wide range of causes and subtle symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among cultivators and laborers in a Center for Rural Health AIIMS (CRHA) primary healthcare center in Nutakki, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. The study-associated risk factors, early detection, and prevention strategies can be implemented to improve their health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult cultivators and manual laborers in the outpatient department (OPD) of the primary healthcare center in Guntur, South India. Data on demographics, lifestyle, dietary habits, and foot care practices were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The vibration perception threshold (VPT) was measured using a biothesiometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 164 participants were enrolled in the study, with a prevalence of peripheral neuropathy of 35.98%. Cultivators had a higher prevalence (43.75%) compared to manual laborers (28.57%). Males were more likely to develop peripheral neuropathy than females (OR 1.29, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Lower education levels and age over 50 were associated with increased risk, particularly among cultivators. Cultivators with an age of more than 50 years had a significantly higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy with an odd ratio (95%CI) 3.34 (1.43 to 7.75) <i>P</i> value < 0.005.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the high prevalence rates of undiagnosed peripheral neuropathy among these occupational groups, such screening initiatives at primary health centers could help in the early detection, management, and prevention of peripheral neuropathy-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2709-2715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Decoding morbidity patterns in ASHA workers of Vadodara, Gujarat: A cross-sectional study\".","authors":"Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_15_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_15_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"3097-3098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of uterine flora in pregnant women undergoing elective and non-elective caesarean section of central Uttar Pradesh, India.","authors":"Swapnil Golus, Shyam Pyari Jaiswar, Seema Mehrotra, Deepak Anand","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The incidence rate of puerperal infection caused by uncommon pathogenic bacteria has risen. Thus, we sought to analyse uterine flora in patients of elective and non-elective caesarean section.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>(1) To compare uterine flora in elective and non-elective caesarean section. (2) To find the association of puerperal infection and neonatal sepsis with selected variables.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 150 elective and 150 non-elective caesarean cases were selected. Intraoperatively, soon after birth, a uterine swab and a placental tissue sample were collected and sent for bacterial culture testing. In addition to the uterine and placental findings, sociodemographic parameters were recorded and compared.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive uterine cultures were detected in 8.67% of elective and 21.33% of non-elective caesarean sections. Positive placental culture was found in 5.33% of elective and 12.00% of non-elective cases. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most commonly found bacteria in positive uterine swab and placental tissue cultures. In the non-elective group, women with positive cultures had substantially more puerperal infections and neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collecting routine intrauterine cultures during elective and non-elective caesarean sections will be effective for detecting the type of bacteria and treatment. It will be better to counsel the patient for opting elective caesarean section prior to the onset of labour.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2897-2901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination-infection status and immunological profile from India: A case study for prioritizing at risk population for targeted immunization.","authors":"Deepika Gujjarlapudi, Ankit Mittal, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Rupa Banerjee, Sadhana Yelamanchili, Nitin Jagtap, Vidyavathi Devi Gajapathi Raju, Veeraiah Namburu, Nageshwar Reddy Duvvur","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1977_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1977_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic's global impact was mitigated through rapid vaccine development, leading to a mix of natural and vaccination-derived immunity. The immunological profile in hybrid immunity remains less studied, especially in regions where non-mRNA vaccines were used. This study focuses on the immunological profiles and predictors of immune response in one such population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study assessed their humoral and cellular immune responses, breakthrough Omicron infections, and hospitalization rates based on vaccination and infection history. Immunological assays to measure anti-spike protein and neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ release assay were performed. Regression models were used to estimate predictors of immune response and hospitalization in patients with breakthrough infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed significant differences in immune response among participants based on their hybrid immunity status, vaccination, and infection history. Higher antibody titers and cellular responses were observed in individuals with hybrid immunity, especially those with dual pre-Omicron and Omicron infections (3326 BAU/ml, IQR: 770.25-5678.25 and 4.92 IU of IFN-γ/mL, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Age, hypertension, baseline antibody levels, and vaccination status were found to predict humoral response. Baseline antibody levels were found to be predictive of hospitalization, and no participants with an antibody titer >250 BAU/mL required hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hybrid immunity is linked to a stronger humoral and cellular immune response, and elevated antibody titers can serve as a surrogate marker for protection against hospitalization. These findings highlight the need to prioritize high-risk groups, such as older adults and individuals with comorbidities, for booster vaccinations to strengthen community-level defenses against COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2885-2891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimate of TB incidence and a critical analysis of programmatic data of TB score from Sub national Certification survey of district Niwari, M.P., India.","authors":"Ghanshyam Ahirwar, Manohar Bhatia, Vikas Pandey, Bikramjeet Mitra, Yogesh Sharma, Varsha Rai","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_129_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_129_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India accounted for 26% of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden in 2023, with 27 lakh cases reported and 89% treatment coverage. Madhya Pradesh, a high-burden state, reported 28,299 cases in 2023. The Government of India aims to eliminate TB by 2025 through the Strategic National Campaign (SNC), emphasizing surveillance, early diagnosis, and comprehensive care. This study evaluates TB management trends in the Niwari district, Madhya Pradesh, a tribal region, from 2018 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate TB incidence, validate claims for TB-free status during SNC surveys, and analyze TB score trends in the Niwari district.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), including records from the District Tuberculosis Officer (DTO), treatment cards, laboratory registers, and the Ni-kshay portal. Seven TB score parameters were analyzed: notification, HIV screening, UDST, and treatment success. TB incidence was calculated per 100,000 population over five years (2018-2022). Ethical clearance was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TB notification improved from 59.6% to 83.3%, with 97% HIV screening by 2022. UDST peaked at 112.5% in 2020. Treatment success rates ranged from 80.6% to 87.6%. However, Nikshay Poshan Yojana beneficiary payments declined from 87.5% in 2021 to 49.4% in 2022. TB incidence fluctuated, from 129 per lakh (2018) to 143 per lakh (2022), reflecting improved detection post-COVID-19. Verified data closely matched reported data by 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Niwari district has made significant progress in TB management, particularly in notification and HIV screening, but challenges persist in sustaining financial support and addressing operational inefficiencies. Continued community engagement, advocacy, and SNC rounds are crucial for achieving TB elimination by 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2997-3002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic control of tobacco and effective implementation of existing policies.","authors":"Shivashankar Kengadaran, Divvi Anusha","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1910_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1910_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"3053-3054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of anxiety and depression among elderly attending urban family care centres in Vellore India: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Eleanor M Joseph, Dimple Jamkhandi, Ruby A Priscilla","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1939_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1939_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid changes seen in India's family systems result in intense psychological problems among the elderly. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health disorders, and there is an urgent need to promote mental health in the elderly. Urbanisation and modernisation are considered to influence the mental health of the elderly. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and assess selected associated risk factors in the elderly population attending urban family care centres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in two urban family care centres. A sample of 253 consecutive patients aged above 60 years were screened for anxiety and depression using standardised scales, namely GAD-7 and GDS-15. Selected socio-demographic and clinical risk factors were assessed using researcher-prepared tools. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reported a prevalence of 63.6% for anxiety and 52.6% for depression. Anxiety was significantly higher among females and those living in a not elderly friendly environment. Geriatric depression was significantly higher among females and those who were dependent, living in rented houses, having no emotional support, living in a not elderly friendly environment, having no recreation, and with low/mild IADL functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher prevalence of geriatric anxiety and depression was reported in the study. Gender, education, environment, and support are some of the important associated risk factors identified. Periodic screening and management of mental health problems among urban elderly are a great need and challenge in primary and family care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"14 7","pages":"2797-2804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12349839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}