Journal of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Type III Secretion System Genes (escE, esaE and eseJ) of Edwardsiella piscicida for Virulence in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).","authors":"Yasuhiko Kawato, Takamitsu Sakai, Yukihiro Nakagawa, Chigusa Suezawa, Jun Okuda","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edwardsiella piscicida, an etiological agent of edwardsiellosis in finfish, causes severe damage to the aquaculture industry in the world. The virulence of E. piscicida is known to be associated with the type III secretion system (T3SS) which is a protein transport nanomachine that injects effector proteins directly into host cells to be resistant to phagocyte killing. The functions and importance of the T3SS genes for the virulence of E. piscicida have been identified using murine macrophages or model fish. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of the T3SS genes consisting of orf13 (escE), orf19 (esaE) and orf29/30 (eseJ) for the virulence in a natural host using Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Intracellular replication ability in macrophage-like cells isolated from Japanese flounder was significantly decreased in all knockout mutants compared to the wild-type strain. In the challenge test using Japanese flounder, the virulence of Δorf13 and Δorf19 mutants was significantly decreased, but not for Δorf29 and Δorf30 mutants. Thus, escE and esaE genes are considered to highly affect the virulence in Japanese flounder. However, the eseJ gene may not significantly contribute to the virulence, although it could regulate intracellular survival in phagocytes of Japanese flounder.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Cutaneous Leiomyoma in Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) From the Coastal Waters of Parangipettai, India.","authors":"Yosuva Mariasingarayan, Jeyapragash Danaraj, Singaravel Vijayapoopathi, Nguyen Dinh-Hung","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tumour-bearing Plotosus canius was collected from the Parangipettai fish landing centre on the southeast coast of India. The neoplastic growth measured 3.5 × 2.8 × 1.5 cm and exhibited a dark red coloration interspersed with greyish-white regions. The lesion showed overlying epidermal ulceration and hyperchromatic, hyperaemic features, contrasting with the surrounding tissue that retained the species normal pigmentation. The excised tumour was vascularised and originated from the underlying musculature. Histopathological examination of the ulcerated peripheral region revealed spindle-shaped cells arranged in interlacing fascicles, possessing elongated nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and lacking significant pleomorphism or mitotic activity. The central region contained spindle-shaped cells arranged in intersecting fascicles and whorled patterns, with uniform elongated nuclei and moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour architecture appeared well-organised, exhibiting variable cellular densities and a collagenous stroma with moderate-grade infiltration, but no signs of necrosis. This study presents the first documented case of cutaneous leiomyoma in Plotosus canius from the coastal waters of Parangipettai, India, and provides a detailed histopathological characterisation of the tumour in this species. Therefore, the potential role of environmental pollutants is speculative and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spleen as an Alternative Tissue for Estimating Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae Load, Prevalence and Its Relationship With Proliferative Kidney Disease in Brown Trout.","authors":"Magnus Lauringson, Lilian Pukk, Siim Kahar, Oksana Burimski, Riho Gross, Veljo Kisand, Anti Vasemägi","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate pathogen detection is essential in fish health management and disease prevention. Pathogens often target different host tissues, and monitoring alternative target organs can provide important insights into disease progression. We evaluated the spleen as an alternative to the kidney for estimating the load and prevalence of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Tb) and its relationships with proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in juvenile brown trout. We sampled 238 brown trout across nine rivers and quantified parasite load in both tissues using qPCR. Parasite load showed a strong positive correlation between the two tissues for both raw and log10-transformed data (Pearson's r = 0.60-0.71, Spearman's ρ = 0.78), with the spleen exhibiting, on average, 4.1-fold lower parasite load compared to the kidney. Tb was found in 191 specimens, consisting of 167 spleen and 190 kidney detections. The relationships between parasite load and PKD symptoms (renal hyperplasia and anaemia) were comparable for both tissues, and segmented regression line analysis indicated that health parameters deteriorate faster after exceeding a certain parasite load threshold. In conclusion, these results suggest that the spleen may serve as a viable alternative to the kidney for Tb monitoring, providing useful insights into Tb presence, load, and PKD progression in salmonids.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Characterisation of Skin Cell Line of Schizothorax prenanti and Its Application Into Pathogen Infection","authors":"Yuhong Shi,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Hua Tian","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Schizothorax prenanti</i> is an important economic Cyprinidae fish endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The wild population of <i>S. prenanti</i> continues to decline and has been listed as an endangered fish because of environmental pollution and overfishing. Herein, the skin cell line (SPSK) of <i>S. prenanti</i> was established using the tissue block method to aid in protecting <i>S. prenanti</i> at the cellular level and provide a skin cell line that can be applied in functional genomics and disease aetiology of the spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), which is highly infectious in Cyprinidae fish. The SPSK cell line was sub-cultured to more than 30 generations at 24°C in L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Karyotype analysis further revealed that the chromosome number of SPSK ranged between 140 and 149, with 146 accounting for the highest proportion. Significant fluorescent signals were observed after transfection of SPSK with pEGFP-N1 and Cy3-siRNA, with a 30% and 90% transfection efficiency, respectively. Severe cytopathic effects (CPE) were also observed when SPSK was infected with SVCV, and the SVCV glycoprotein gene was detected by RT-PCR, indicating that SPSK was susceptible to SVCV. To further explore the mechanism of bacterial infection, transcriptome analysis was conducted for LPS treated SPSK cells and 9099 differentially expressed genes were identified. These genes significantly enriched into pathways including the Haematopoietic Cell Lineage and Primary immunodeficiency. Furthermore, seven predominantly expressed epidermal maker genes were identified by transcriptomic data, suggesting that SPSK cells were mainly derived from skin epidermis, composed of epidermal stem cell, Merkel cell, and immune cell. The establishment and characterisation of SPSK revealed its application in functional genomics and aetiology studies, making it a favourable tool for exploring disease control in <i>S. prenanti</i> and recovering fish resources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of Myxobolus toyamai Morphology in Koi Carp Using an Enhanced Giemsa Warming Technique: A First Report From Vietnam","authors":"Truong Dinh Hoai,&nbsp;Dang Thi Hoa,&nbsp;Doan Thi Nhinh,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Huong Giang,&nbsp;Andrew P. Shinn","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14152","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Myxobolus toyamai</i>, a well-established gill parasite of common carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, has been implicated in infections across multiple continents. Despite numerous attempts to classify this parasite based on the structural features of its polar capsules, existing staining techniques have proven inadequate, resulting in unclear structural definitions. This study represents the first report of <i>M. toyamai</i> infection in koi fish in Vietnam, along with the optimisation of a staining technique using Giemsa warming to accurately define its morphological characteristics. In addition, the study includes the analysis of the 18S rRNA gene and histopathological evaluations. The results show that the Giemsa warming staining method effectively clarifies the structure of the polar capsules, revealing distinct measurements that differ from those reported in previous studies. Furthermore, sequence analysis of the 18S rDNA gene demonstrates a high degree of similarity to <i>M. toyamai</i>, confirming its identification in the examined specimens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity of Aquatic Pseudomonas spp. With Inhibitory Activity Against Saprolegnia Water Mould (Oomycota)","authors":"Edit Eszterbauer,&nbsp;Noémi Erdei,&nbsp;Patrícia Kóczán,&nbsp;Réka Vámosi,&nbsp;Milán Farkas,&nbsp;Győző L. Kaján,&nbsp;Dóra Sipos,&nbsp;Domonkos Sváb,&nbsp;Edit Kaszab","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several <i>Pseudomonas</i> bacterial species demonstrate potential for biological control. We examined 24 aquatic <i>Pseudomonas</i> isolates mainly from fish farms and natural waters in Hungary, with siderophore production and inhibitory effects on <i>Saprolegnia</i> water moulds. We identified six <i>Pseudomonas</i> species (<i>P. paracarnis</i>, <i>P. shahriarae</i>, <i>P. salmasensis</i>, <i>P. canadensis</i>, <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> and <i>P. danubii</i>) distributed across five distinct phylogenetic clusters based on 16S ribosomal RNA and RNA polymerase sigma factor, <i>rpoD</i> gene sequences. The MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles showed species distribution patterns and clustering of the most inhibitory strains. In vitro experiments revealed that three strains of <i>P. danubii</i>, one <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> and one unidentified <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. B379-HU demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity in both bacterial culture and supernatants. Partial inhibition caused hyphae branching and nodule formation, whereas complete inhibition led to fragmentation and death of hyphae. This study is the first to document inhibitory activity in these <i>Pseudomonas</i> species, suggesting potential for water mould control. For fish health safety and to mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance, utilising the extracellular inhibitory substances offers the most promising approach for future application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Morganella morganii","authors":"Kek Heng Chua,&nbsp;Tien-Tien Vicky Lau,&nbsp;Suat Moi Puah","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Morganella morganii</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with foodborne diseases and histamine toxicity in fish, posing significant public health concerns. Traditional detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), often require costly equipment, restricting their applicability in resource-limited environments. In this study, we present the development of a cost-effective and user-friendly colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. We designed six primers targeting the urease gene and optimized the assay to produce visual results using a pH-sensitive phenol red dye. The LAMP assay delivers results in 25 min and can detect <i>M. morganii</i> at concentrations as low as 5 pg (1.16 × 10⁶ copies/reaction) and 2.6 × 10⁵ CFU/mL (2.5 × 10⁶ copies/reaction) in pure cultures, demonstrating high specificity, with no cross-reactivity against 10 other bacterial strains. A comparison with PCR methods using 30 samples revealed a 100% concordance rate, indicating robust diagnostic agreement. Additionally, the assay successfully identified <i>M. morganii</i> in spiked aquaculture water samples at concentrations up to 10⁷ CFU/mL. In summary, this LAMP assay operates at a constant temperature and provides clear visual results, serving as a potential rapid detection method for applications in aquaculture settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterisation and Virulence of Aeromonas spp. From Peruvian Rainbow Trout: First Description of A. popoffii-Associated Mortality","authors":"Christopher James Engert,&nbsp;Marco Medina-Morillo,&nbsp;Giovanna Sotil,&nbsp;Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaculture is one of the most important food sectors, providing nutrition and employment throughout the world. However, production is under threat due to the occurrence of pathogens. <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. are bacterial agents that affect the aquaculture industry, including rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) farms, causing severe economic losses. The objective of this study was to characterise several isolates of <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. obtained from rainbow trout in Junín, Peru. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of four species: <i>A. sobria</i> (<i>n</i> = 12), <i>A. salmonicida</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), <i>A. popoffii</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), and <i>A. media</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Biochemical characterisation revealed that several isolates tolerated 3% NaCl, with only <i>A. salmonicida</i> surviving in 4% NaCl. Virulence factor analysis demonstrated increased virulence at higher temperatures for <i>A. sobria</i>, while <i>A. popoffii</i> exhibited virulence in colder conditions. <i>A. media</i> displayed limited virulence properties, while <i>A. salmonicida</i> was consistently virulent across all temperatures. <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> isolates exhibited intense and prolonged motility—a behaviour rarely associated with this species—that persisted across a broad temperature range from 14°C to 37°C. The virulence genes <i>aer</i>, <i>fla</i>, <i>ahy</i>B, <i>lip</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>ser</i>, <i>hly</i> and <i>altA</i> were present in all <i>A. salmonicida</i> isolates, with both <i>A. popoffii</i> isolates lacking only the <i>fla</i> gene. Experimental infection resulted in mortality of up to 100% for <i>A. salmonicida</i> (7.2 × 10⁶ and 7.2 × 10⁷ CFU/fish), 40% for <i>A. sobria</i> (4 × 10⁷ CFU/fish), and 20% for <i>A. popoffii</i> (4 × 10⁷ CFU/fish). No direct relation was found between specific gene presence or combinations thereof and mortality. Our findings highlight the need to develop effective management strategies, including the development of a multivalent vaccine to enhance Peruvian trout aquaculture sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Genome Sequencing Methods to Reconstruct the Spread of Piscine Myocarditis Virus in Ireland","authors":"Andrew J. Tighe,&nbsp;Jens Carlsson,&nbsp;Neil M. Ruane","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14150","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), a double-stranded RNA virus, is the causative agent of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon <i>Salmo salar</i>, which was first reported in Ireland in 2012. PMCV continues to be a disease threat to Atlantic salmon aquaculture in Ireland, and as such, it is of growing importance to understand how the virus spreads. Genetic sequences allow for transmission pathways to be examined, with whole genomes providing the most accurate information. In this study, whole genome sequencing has been applied to Irish strains of PMCV, in doing so revealing how &gt; 80% of the genetic diversity of the virus lies outside the commonly sequenced open reading frames (ORFs). Second, this paper examines the effectiveness of incorporating a MinION sequencing approach into routine diagnostics by comparing a MinION generated genome to the corresponding sequence generated via Illumina MiSeq. The results showed the MinION genome shared 99.59% identity with the Illumina genome, and while this accuracy may be sufficient for studies such as pathogen identification and deeper evolutionary questions, it was shown to be insufficient for accurately tracking viral transmission pathways. Finally, comparing Irish and Faroese sequences reveals that some strains of PMCV in Ireland may originate from wild fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.14150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant C5a Peptidase and Formalin-Killed Cell: A Synergistic Vaccine Against Streptococcus iniae in Four-Finger Threadfin Fish (Eleutheronema tetradactylum)","authors":"Andre Giovanni,&nbsp;Yin-Ze Shi,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Ming-An Tsai,&nbsp;Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Streptococcus iniae</i> is a pathogenic bacterium that causes severe infections and high mortality rates in threadfin fish farms. Recurrent streptococcosis outbreaks underscore the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies. This study investigates an innovative recombinant protein vaccine incorporating a recombinant C5a peptidase encoding 1780 bp from <i>S. iniae</i> to enhance the immune response of the four-finger threadfin fish (<i>Eleutheronema tetradactylum</i>). Vaccine efficacy was assessed by evaluating specific antibody titres, lysozyme activity and the immune-related gene expression in a challenge test. The results demonstrated that fish immunised with C5a, FKC and C5a + FKC showed significantly higher specific antibody titres and lysozyme activity than the control group. Notably, <i>r</i>C5a + FKC displayed the highest IgM levels against the C5a antigen at 28 dpv expression. The <i>r</i>C5a-based vaccine significantly increased TNFα, IL-10 and IL-12 one day after immunisation, correlating with elevated serum antibody levels and the upregulated immune-related genes (C2, CD8). Fish immunised with the <i>r</i>C5a + FKC vaccine exhibited a stronger immune response and greater protective efficacy against the highly virulent <i>S. iniae</i> strain, with a relative survival rate of 97.5%. The combination <i>r</i>C5a + FKC RPS results are higher than those of the single antigens FKC (87.5%) and <i>r</i>C5a (30%), highlighting the potential of the <i>r</i>C5a and FKC vaccine combination as a promising method for preventing and treating <i>S. iniae</i> infections in threadfin fish, supporting healthier fish stocks and sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}