Journal of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Lidocaine as an Adjuvant to Clove Essential Oil on Anaesthetic Induction and Recovery in Nile Tilapia","authors":"J. A. Franco-Ortega,&nbsp;P. J. Albertos-Alpuche,&nbsp;P. Mora-Medina,&nbsp;R. Martínez-Yáñez","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immersion anaesthesia is widely used in fish handling and research, yet optimization of protocols requires not only effective immobilization but also consideration of internal physiological responses. This study evaluated the effects of immersion-administered lidocaine (60 and 80 mg/L) as an adjuvant to clove essential oil (CEO; 100 μL/L) on anaesthesia induction and recovery in juvenile <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> under tightly controlled temperature (27.5°C ± 0.3°C). Behavioural endpoints included loss of equilibrium (LOE), time to an operational anaesthetic plane and recovery time; opercular respiratory rate was assessed as an internal physiological indicator. In the main experiment, adding lidocaine to CEO did not significantly alter LOE, time to anaesthetic plane or recovery time relative to CEO alone. In contrast, respiratory-rate trajectories differed significantly among treatments during both induction and recovery, indicating protocol-dependent modulation of ventilatory dynamics despite similar time-based anaesthetic endpoints. A complementary preliminary experiment showed that lidocaine alone (60 or 80 mg/L) did not induce LOE or anaesthetic plane within a predefined 5-min exposure window, although it produced clear dose-dependent changes in respiratory rate relative to water and ethanol controls. Together with qualitative observations of reduced behavioural activation, these findings are compatible with a possible calming or sedation-like effect of lidocaine, although this was not formally measured and should be considered a hypothesis. Overall, lidocaine did not improve the operational speed of a CEO-based immersion anaesthetic protocol in Nile tilapia, but it did modulate physiological responses relevant to protocol refinement. These results highlight the importance of integrating both behavioural and internal physiological indicators, together with strict thermal control, when evaluating immersion anaesthesia protocols in fish.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piscirickettsiosis in Farmed Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus","authors":"Hanne K. Nilsen,&nbsp;Magne Kjerulf Hansen,&nbsp;Raoul Kuiper,&nbsp;Jan Inge Øvrebø,&nbsp;Kjersti Sturød,&nbsp;Maryam Saghafian,&nbsp;Snorre Gulla,&nbsp;Anne Berit Olsen,&nbsp;Duncan J. Colquhoun,&nbsp;Ole Bendik Dale","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> is a well-established intracellular pathogen of farmed Atlantic salmon around the world. The bacterium has also been detected from a number of other hosts including lumpfish (<i>Cyclopterus lumpus</i>), seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i>. In February 2025, increased mortality was observed in a population of turbot, <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>, farmed in Norway. Macroscopic signs of disease included stomach mucosa bleedings. Piscirickettsiosis was diagnosed based on histopathological findings including rickettsia-like inclusions immunostaining positive for <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> in internal organs and gills, qPCR and in situ hybridisation (ISH) using RNAscope. 16S-23S internal transcribed sequences (ITS) retrieved directly from infected tissues clustered together with previous Norwegian, Scottish and Canadian isolates from Atlantic salmon. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> infection reported from turbot.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Antiviral Mechanism of Kaempferol Against Grouper Iridovirus: Combined Evaluation of In Vitro Activity and In Vivo Efficacy","authors":"Nijia Xue,&nbsp;Lin Huang,&nbsp;Jieying Yu,&nbsp;Jia Cai,&nbsp;Zhengzhao Liu,&nbsp;Yibing Wang,&nbsp;Shu Cheng,&nbsp;Junxiang Lai,&nbsp;Ying Pan,&nbsp;Qing Yu,&nbsp;Wenhong Li,&nbsp;Pengfei Li","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major pathogens that pose significant threats to the aquaculture industry. Kaempferol is a flavonoid compound extracted from <i>Illicium verum</i> Hook.f. (star anise), a material that is both edible and used in traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects of kaempferol against SGIV in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the antiviral mechanism. Our study found that kaempferol could effectively resist SGIV infection in vitro and in vivo. Kaempferol might destroy the SGIV envelope and interfere with the attachment, invasion, and replication stages of SGIV infection. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes regulated by kaempferol were enriched in ribosome, NF-κB, and phospholipase D signalling pathways. Further screening of immunity-related genes and pathway analysis revealed that antiviral immune responses were mainly governed by the JAK–STAT, PI3K-Akt, and TNF signalling pathways. This study demonstrated that kaempferol exhibited significant antiviral effects against SGIV through multiple mechanisms and had the potential to become an anti-SGIV fishery drug. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of SGIV.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Efficacy of Vaccines Against Grass Carp Hemorrhagic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Junhui Liu,&nbsp;Anfeng Liu,&nbsp;Yingying Wang,&nbsp;Jiyuan Yin,&nbsp;Yingying Li,&nbsp;Xubing Mo,&nbsp;Qing Wang,&nbsp;Shucheng Zheng","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grass carp hemorrhagic disease, mainly caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), is a major threat to grass carp aquaculture, and vaccination is considered a sustainable strategy for disease prevention and control. However, the protective efficacy of GCRV vaccines and the factors influencing it have not been systematically synthesised. In this study, literature on GCRV vaccines was retrieved from CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement, covering database inception to March 10, 2026, followed by meta-analysis. After screening, 44 studies were included, of which 24 entered the main meta-analysis. Compared with controls, GCRV vaccines significantly reduced post-challenge mortality in grass carp (RR = 0.473, 95% CI: 0.418–0.536), with substantial between-study heterogeneity (<i>Q</i> = 204.61, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 88.8%). Subgroup analyses showed that protective efficacy varied by publication period, immunisation route, vaccine platform, and GCRV genotype background. Sensitivity analyses and leave-one-out analyses indicated overall stable results, while publication bias tests suggested possible small-study effects. Descriptive evidence mapping showed a marked increase in GCRV vaccine studies in recent years, mainly focusing on DNA vaccines and subunit/peptide vaccines, with evidence concentrated on GCRV-II. Overall, GCRV vaccines can reduce post-challenge mortality in grass carp to a certain extent, but their protective efficacy is influenced by multiple factors. Future studies should improve antigen matching, standardise evaluation systems, and develop vaccines with both efficacy and field applicability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Potential of a Formalin-Killed Cells (FKC) Vaccine Against Edwardsiella anguillarum in Milkfish (Chanos chanos)","authors":"Atiek Rahmawaty,&nbsp;Li-Wu Cheng,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Edwardsiella anguillarum</i> causes Edwardsiellosis in fish, resulting in severe internal organ lesions and substantial economic losses in aquaculture. The limited efficacy of antibiotics in treating this disease, coupled with concerns regarding resistance and side effects, has driven interest in exploring fish vaccines. Various vaccine candidates derived from <i>E. anguillarum,</i> including inactivated cells and protein subunits, have shown potential. Here, we developed a vaccine against <i>E. anguillarum</i> in milkfish, and its efficacy was evaluated through vaccination challenge trials using milkfish as the target species. The formalin-killed vaccine (FKC) in combination with an adjuvant exhibited superior efficacy, achieving a relative percent survival (RPS) of 83.4%. Furthermore, the agglutination titers indicated a robust immune response in the FKC + Adjuvant group, suggesting a potent and sustained antibody response. Additionally, serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher in vaccinated fish than in controls. Immune-related gene expression analysis in spleen and head kidney revealed that IL-1β peaked at 14 days post-vaccination, indicating early pro-inflammatory response, while MHC-II showed progressive elevation, suggesting sustained antigen presentation and humoral immunity. Overall, this study underscores the effectiveness of the FKC + Adjuvant combination in enhancing immune response and protecting against bacterial pathogens in aquaculture, presenting a promising strategy for disease control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Formalin-Inactivated Vaccine Enhances Survival and Mitigates Horizontal Transmission of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Insights From Viability Quantitative PCR","authors":"Sung-Bin Moon,&nbsp;Gyoungsik Kang,&nbsp;HyeongJin Roh,&nbsp;Yoonhang Lee,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Min-Young Sohn,&nbsp;Ha-Jeong Son,&nbsp;Chan-Il Park,&nbsp;Kyung-Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Formalin-inactivated vaccines are widely employed as a primary preventive strategy against red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD), which poses a substantial economic threat to the aquaculture of rock bream (<i>Oplegnathus fasciatus</i>). However, conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR) cannot differentiate infectious virions from noninfectious vaccine residues or viral debris, limiting accurate assessment of vaccine efficacy. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy and viral shedding dynamics of a formalin-inactivated vaccine using propidium monoazide (PMAxx)-based viability qPCR (vqPCR). Vaccination demonstrated robust protection, achieving a relative percent survival of approximately 80% in immersion challenges and significantly reducing viral shedding into seawater. Notably, comparative analysis revealed that conventional qPCR significantly overestimated viral risk in vaccinated fish by detecting noninfectious DNA artifacts. Although vaccination did not confer sterilizing immunity, it suppressed infectious viral replication to sublethal levels, effectively preventing horizontal transmission to naïve cohabitants. Furthermore, disease progression and shedding kinetics were temperature-dependent, occurring more rapidly at 25°C than at 20°C. Overall, these findings highlight that vaccination induces functional sterilization of shedding and underscore the need to adopt vqPCR for accurate epidemiological risk assessment in aquaculture populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Nocardiosis Caused by Nocardia seriolae in Farmed Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus)","authors":"Anh Tuan Nguyen,&nbsp;Dang Thi Hoa,&nbsp;Nguyen Vu Son,&nbsp;Doan Thi Nhinh,&nbsp;Le Viet Dung,&nbsp;Truong Dinh Hoai","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nocardiosis is a chronic bacterial disease causing significant losses in marine aquaculture worldwide. This study reports the first confirmed outbreak of nocardiosis caused by <i>Nocardia seriolae</i> in farmed spotted scat (<i>Scatophagus argus</i>) in Vietnam, with cumulative mortalities reaching up to 70%. Diseased fish exhibited skin ulceration and disseminated white nodules in internal organs and musculature. Histopathological examination revealed typical granulomatous lesions containing abundant Gram-positive, branching filamentous bacteria. A bacterium with consistent morphological characteristics was isolated from affected organs, and molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and species-specific PCR confirmed the pathogen as <i>N. seriolae</i>. The experimental challenge reproduced the clinical signs and pathological features of natural infection, with an estimated LD50 of 5.3 × 10³ CFU/fish, confirming high pathogenicity in this host. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin and universal reduced susceptibility to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, while all isolates remained wild type or susceptible to florfenicol, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline based on previously reported cut-off values. This study extends the known host range of <i>N. seriolae</i> and highlights nocardiosis as an emerging disease threat to spotted scat aquaculture, emphasising the need for early diagnosis and targeted health management strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lauric Acid and Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibit the Activity of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 and Enhance Host Immune Reaction","authors":"Jiahua Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Qin,&nbsp;Mingyang Ma,&nbsp;Tonghui Xu,&nbsp;Ye Zhang,&nbsp;Lang Gui,&nbsp;Liqun Lu,&nbsp;Dan Xu","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a major pathogen causing high mortality in farmed goldfish and crucian carp, for which effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatments are currently limited. Lauric acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML), representative of a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and its corresponding monoglyceride, respectively, have been reported to possess antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. This study systematically evaluated the anti-CyHV-2 effects of LA and GML through in vitro assays, transcriptomic profiling, and in vivo experiments. In vitro, both LA and GML significantly reduced viral copy numbers in gibel carp caudal fin (GiCF) cells, attenuated virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPE), and suppressed intracellular viral replication. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LA and GML induced widespread alterations in host signalling pathways, with significant enrichment of pathways related to steroid biosynthesis, ECM–receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and cell survival–associated signalling. Quantitative PCR analysis further demonstrated that the expression levels of <i>insr</i>, <i>akt2</i>, <i>pdk1</i>, <i>lamtor3</i>, and <i>hsp90b</i> were significantly upregulated, whereas <i>inpp4b</i> expression was downregulated. These results further validate that host cell metabolic processes, stress responses, and signal transduction pathways are substantially modulated following LA and GML treatment. The in vivo protective efficacy of GML was further assessed. In goldfish infected with CyHV-2, GML administration significantly increased survival rate and mitigated histopathological damage in the gills, liver, spleen, and kidney. At 3 days post-infection (dpi), expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines <i>il-1β</i>, <i>il-6</i>, and <i>tnf-α</i> were significantly lower in the GML-treated group compared to the virus-infected control group, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine <i>il-10</i> was significantly upregulated. By 7 dpi, differences in inflammatory cytokine expression between groups had diminished, suggesting that GML not only exerts direct antiviral activity but may also modulate host immune responses during the early stage of infection. Collectively, these findings provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of LA and GML and propose a novel strategy for developing safe, effective, and environmentally friendly anti-CyHV-2 agents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and Functional Characterisation of EhSWP26 in Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei: Insights From RNA Interference and Subcellular Localisation Analyses","authors":"Huiwen Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Cao,&nbsp;Yi Qiao,&nbsp;Tingyue Liu,&nbsp;Jie Cheng,&nbsp;Ge Jiang,&nbsp;Xianping Fan,&nbsp;Haibo Wang,&nbsp;Kuipeng Fu,&nbsp;Hui Shen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei</i> (EHP) is an obligate intracellular microsporidian that causes severe growth retardation in <i>Penaeus vannamei (P.</i> <i>vannamei</i>), yet its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clear. As the spore wall is essential for resisting environmental stress and mediating host invasion, characterising its protein components is critical for elucidating EHP biology. In this study, we identified and cloned a novel spore wall protein, EhSWP26. Sequence analysis revealed that <i>EhSWP26</i> contains a 687 bp open reading frame encoding a 228-amino-acid polypeptide, lacking a signal peptide and transmembrane domain but harbouring a conserved MICSWaP (Microsporidia Spore Wall and Associated Proteins) domain characteristic of the microsporidian MICSWaPs family. Immunoelectron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that EhSWP26 localises to the mature spore wall, where it is distributed in both the exospore and endospore layers. RNA interference further confirmed that silencing <i>EhSWP26</i> significantly reduced its transcript level and led to a marked decrease in EHP spore load in shrimp hepatopancreas. Collectively, these findings indicate that EhSWP26 is a key structural and functional component associated with spore wall formation and host infection, likely playing an essential role in the EHP life cycle. This study enhances our understanding of EHP spore wall composition and function, provides a foundation for investigating its proliferation and infection mechanisms, and highlights EhSWP26 as a promising target for diagnostic development and therapeutic intervention in EHP disease of <i>P. vannamei</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White Spot Syndrome Virus Envelope Protein VP53B Functions as a Trypsin Inhibitor and Interacts With Hemocyanin","authors":"Wenxu Xia,&nbsp;Lingqi Zhuang,&nbsp;Yuchen Liu,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Bing Qin,&nbsp;Shuling Yan,&nbsp;Yongxin Yu,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) remains a persistent and significant threat to the global shrimp aquaculture industry. However, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and no effective intervention strategies are currently available. In this study, we investigated the functional role of VP53B, an envelope structural protein of WSSV, using a combination of infection bioassays, protein structure prediction, protease inhibition assays and protein binding analyses. Our results demonstrate that VP53B is a critical determinant of per os (oral) infection in shrimp, including <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> (crayfish) and <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (whiteleg shrimp). Functionally, VP53B acts as a trypsin inhibitor and interacts with host hemocyanin. We propose that through modulation of shrimp trypsin and hemocyanin, VP53B disrupts the prophenoloxidase-activating system, a key innate immune pathway, thereby facilitating successful WSSV infection. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying WSSV oral infectivity and highlights VP53B as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}