Journal of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"Fish Poxviruses on the Rise: Prospects for Aquatic Health.","authors":"Mikolaj Adamek, Marek Matras, Oluwaseun Christianah Ojelade, Motohiko Sano, Mona C Gjessing, Tomas Korytar, Alberto Falco, Krzysztof Rakus, Verena Jung-Schroers, Andor Doszpoly","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish poxviruses are increasingly recognised as emerging pathogens of fish and should be considered in cases of unexplained gill or skin pathology. Carp edema virus (CEV), the causative agent of koi sleepy disease in common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio), represents the first known example. Since then, additional members of the poxviridae have been described, including Plecoglossus altivelis poxvirus (PaPV) in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), seahorse poxvirus (SHPV) in Cape seahorse (Hippocampus capensis), salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cod gill poxvirus (CGPV) in cod (Gadus morhua), black bullhead poxvirus in black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) and Japanese seabream poxvirus (JSPV) in red seabream (Pagrus major). Most poxviruses share a tropism for epithelial tissues, causing gill hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and in the case of SHPV, dermatopathy. Clinical presentation is often complicated by secondary infections due to the immunomodulatory effects of poxviruses. Diagnostic progress is hampered by their failure to replicate in cell culture, inconsistent electron microscopy results and the lack of broad molecular screening tools. Fish health professionals should remain vigilant and include poxviruses in differential diagnoses for gill and skin disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Food-Producing Animals With a Focus on Potential Applications for Farmed Finfish.","authors":"Chloe J English, Christine Huynh, William Roy, James W Wynne, Hamish Rodger","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In finfish aquaculture, there are several inflammatory diseases impacting productivity and animal welfare, however there are limited options available to veterinarians to treat inflammation and pain in fish. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in terrestrial animals raised for human consumption to treat a range of diseases and to manage pre- and postoperative pain as they offer anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. This review examines the use of NSAIDs in terrestrial food animals with the pharmacological and safety learnings to the possible use in aquaculture, specifically for oral administration of farmed salmonids. Across Norway, United Kingdom and Australia, which are salmon producing regions burdened by inflammatory disorders such as complex gill disease, seven NSAIDs are authorised for use in terrestrial food-producing animals. The NSAIDs considered in this review have a good safety profile for users and the targeted terrestrial animal species, but more research is needed to develop safe and effective treatment regimens for farmed fish. Some NSAIDs have been shown to reduce pain sensitivity in fish but there is no published data demonstrating that they reduce inflammation. However, the targeted immune pathways of NSAIDs appear conserved between fish and terrestrial animals so it is highly likely that NSAIDs will have anti-inflammatory effects in fish if they can be delivered effectively through in-feed treatments. This review informs prescribing fish veterinarians and fish health professionals, as well as researchers, national licensing authorities and other stakeholders, to assist with consideration of the use and potential applications of the NSAIDs in finfish aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Morphological Abnormalities in an Embryo of the Longtail Stingray (Hypanus longus) From the Ecuadorian Pacific.","authors":"Christopher Mera, Nicole Suárez-Aguilar, Diego Mejía, Jesús Briones-Mendoza, Maribel Carrera-Fernández","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This short communication reports the first record of multiple morphological anomalies in an embryo of Hypanus longus from Ecuadorian waters. A gravid female H. longus contained two embryos in the uterus: one exhibiting normal morphology and the other presenting several severe anomalies, including an opening in the chondrocranial membrane, separation of the pectoral fins and an incomplete pelvic fin. In addition, a helical torsion of the caudal fin was observed, an anomaly not previously reported in batoids. The deformities observed would likely have severely impaired the embryo's growth and development, drastically reducing its chances of survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Shewanella algae A3 and Serratia marcescens Van80 UB3 on Immune Response, Gene Expression and Resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp5 in Pacific White Shrimp.","authors":"Sutanti Sutanti, Sukenda Sukenda, Widanarni Widanarni, Alimuddin Alimuddin, Ratu Siti Aliah, Handang Widantara, Dendi Hidayatullah","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addresses the infection caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp5, which carries the pirA and pirB toxin genes responsible for hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Pacific white shrimp, leading to significant production losses. The use of a host-associated probiotic is considered a promising strategy to prevent such diseases. In this laboratory experiment, the effect of indigenous probiotics Shewanella algae A3 and Serratia marcescens Van80 UB3 was evaluated in terms of histopathology, immunity, gene expression and their protective ability against AHPND-causing bacteria in Pacific white shrimp (2 ± 0.5 g) over a 30-day feeding trial. A total of 150 shrimp of post larvae-10 (PL-10) were divided into five treatment groups: probiotic A (S. algae A3) at 10⁶ cfu/g, probiotic B (S. marcescens Van80 UB3) at the same dose, probiotic C (a 1:1 mixture of both strains), a positive control K (+) (standard feed with infection) and negative control K (-) (standard feed without infection). After a 30-day feeding, the shrimp were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus Vp5 and survival was recorded for 14 days. The result showed that shrimp treated with the mixed probiotic (group C) had the highest survival (95.83% ± 1.44%), which was significantly higher than the positive control (72.22% ± 1.57%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of immune-related genes such as proPO and serine protease in the intestine, muscle and hepatopancreas was significantly increased in the mixed probiotic group compared to the other treatments. In contrast, the expression of the cathepsin L gene, associated with muscle growth, was significantly lower in this group (p < 0.05). Immune response parameters after a 14-day challenge were higher in the mixed probiotic group. Histological observations revealed that the intestine and hepatopancreas tissues in probiotic-treated shrimp were in better and more normal condition compared to the positive control. Overall, the findings suggest that supplementing shrimp diets with a combination of S. algae A3 and S. marcescens Van80 UB3 at 10⁶ cfu/g of feed is effective in improving shrimp health and resistance to AHPND.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) Infection in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822): Linking the Morphology of Wound-Inflicting Structures to Histopathology.","authors":"Thabo Kenneth Matea, Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Baylis, 1923) specimens were collected from the rectum of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Lake Heritage, Crocodile River in the Limpopo River system and in the Vaal River below the Vaal Dam. Attached and unattached parasites were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy along with infected and uninfected host tissue. The cuticle-lined buccal capsule and the muscular oesophagus attached to the epithelial lining and the cuticular ridges on the dorsal and ventral surface of the cavity provided traction that improved the grip. Sucking exerted by the oesophagus lifted and stripped the epithelium at the site of attachment, and a bolus of host tissue was ingested. The buccal capsule penetrated to the level of the lamina propria. The number of host mucus-secreting goblet cells increased significantly at the site of infection, and the proliferation of these cells were also significantly higher.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Specific Immune Response in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Experimentally Infected With Pseudomonas plecoglossicida by Intraperitoneal Injection or Immersion.","authors":"Liangyin He, Rongguang Zhong, Doudou Wu, Junkun Wang, Xinling Xu, Weiqing Huang","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas plecoglossicida causes visceral white nodules disease (VWND) in the large yellow croaker (LYC; Larimichthys crocea), a commonly farmed species in China, resulting in substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. To better understand host innate immune mechanisms during P. plecoglossicida infection, LYCs were infected either by intraperitoneal (IP) injection or immersion, and their non-specific immune responses were compared. Fish were subjected to serial concentrations of the pathogen in both challenged groups, and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was determined for subsequent infection trials. The results show that the respiratory burst activity, antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT and MDA), and non-specific immune responses (ACP, ALP and LZM) of LYCs were stimulated, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (il-1β, tnfα1, il-8 and il-10) were considerably upregulated compared with mock-infected fish during bacterial infection periods via both challenge routes. Furthermore, the non-specific response in the immersion group started later and appeared to last longer, often exceeding the response in IP-injected fish. These results will contribute to a further understanding of the pathogenesis and host defence system in fishes following infection with P. plecoglossicida , and may inform the future development of preventive strategies for controlling VWND.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Colourimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Streptococcus dysgalactiae.","authors":"Tien-Tien Vicky Lau, Suat-Moi Puah, Kek-Heng Chua","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging fish pathogen that causes streptococcosis, resulting in significant economic losses in aquaculture. Conventional detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction assays, rely on sophisticated, expensive instrumentation, which limits their applicability in resource-limited or field settings. In this study, we developed a rapid, user-friendly and closed-tube colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of S. dysgalactiae. Six primers targeting the sagB gene were designed and assay conditions were optimised to enable visual detection. The LAMP assay produced results within 50 min and detected target bacteria at concentrations as low as 500 pg (1.195 × 10⁸ copies/reaction), with high specificity and no cross-reactivity observed against eight non-target bacterial species. Overall, this LAMP assay operates under isothermal conditions and provides clear visual readouts, offering a foundation for future field-based testing in aquaculture settings using fish and water samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum as a Causative Pathogen in Farmed Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in China.","authors":"Jiahao Li, Lingyun Lin, Jinyu Shen, Jiayun Yao, Xiao Liu, Xiaoyi Pan","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2024, a severe mass mortality event occurred at a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) farm in Zhejiang, China, resulting in a cumulative mortality rate of 70%. To identify the causative agent, 12 bacterial isolates that exhibited the same phenotypic characteristics were isolated from diseased fish. A further phylogenetic (16S rDNA) characterization identified the bacterium as Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Genetic characterization revealed that all 12 bacterial isolates belonged to serotype Type-1 and sequence type ST418, a newly documented ST closely associated with cyprinid fish hosts. In infection trials, the bacterium exhibited clear virulence in grass carp, producing clinical signs consistent with those observed during the outbreak. Furthermore, histopathology of diseased fish with F. psychrophilum revealed ulcerative dermatitis with associated myositis, proliferative branchitis, vascular congestion and focal necrosis in the liver, multifocal necrosis in the spleen, and tubular dilation with renal corpuscle necrosis in the kidney. Given the potential risk of cross-species transmission among cyprinid fish, we also evaluated the pathogenicity of this bacterium in Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), a widely cultured species in China. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of F. psychrophilum causing mass mortality in farmed grass carp in China and provides essential information to support improved prevention and risk mitigation strategies for this emerging disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Pot RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Rapid Detection of Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Shrimp Aquaculture.","authors":"Zewei Hou, Yichen Zhao, Zheng Sun, Ying Zhan, Xilin Dai, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) represents a significant viral threat to global shrimp aquaculture, leading to considerable economic losses. In this study, we have developed a one-step, one-pot isothermal assay for the detection of IHHNV, employing recombinase-aided amplification in conjunction with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas12a (RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a). The assay is performed at a constant temperature of 37°C, achieving a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction for the fluorescence assay and 1 copy per reaction for the lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay within a 60-min timeframe. Additionally, we evaluated the assay against four other prevalent shrimp pathogens (WSSV, DIV1, EHP, VpAHPND) and observed no cross-reactivity. This straightforward detection method exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for IHHNV, offering a promising approach for early and rapid field diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Application of Novel DNA Aptamers for Targeting Tilapia Lake Virus-Infected Cells.","authors":"Mingzhu Liu, Peiyu Li, Guixiang Tong, Xinxian Wei, Junxiang Lai, Ermeng Yu, Pengfei Li, Lichun Huang, Qing Yu","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen that poses a significant threat to global tilapia aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses. The development of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods is crucial for disease control and prevention. In this study, TiLV-infected tilapia brain cell line (TiB cells) was used as the target for screening specific aptamers via the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technique. The affinity, specificity, stability, cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity of the obtained aptamers were systematically analysed through flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, real-time quantitative PCR, and cell viability assays. This study successfully screened and obtained two aptamers, LH-1 and LH-2. Both aptamers specifically recognize and bind to TiLV-infected TiB cells while showing no cross-reactivity with normal cells or cells infected with other viruses. Their secondary structures exhibit typical stem-loop configurations, with dissociation constants (Kd) reaching nanomolar levels at 506.9 nM and 326.4 nM, respectively, and they demonstrate no cytotoxicity toward host cells. Aptamer LH-2 is capable of detecting as few as 1 × 10³ cells/mL within 5 min at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 28°C. The detection capability of LH-2 for TiLV infection was consistent with that of RT-qPCR, as validated in vivo. These results demonstrate that LH-2 possesses significant potential to be developed as a core recognition component for on-site rapid detection kits. This study provides critical molecular tools and a theoretical foundation for the rapid diagnosis of TiLV and the development of novel targeted prevention and control strategies. It strongly advances the practical application of aptamer technology in the precise prevention and control of aquatic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}