{"title":"Development of Three Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for the Rapid Visual Detection of Spiroplasma eriocheiris.","authors":"Yunji Xiu, Ruixin Feng, Zongrui Yang, Lirong Jiang, Yiping Lin, Qingyue Xu, Dong Zheng, Shun Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a pathogen in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and is associated with tremor disease. S. eriocheiris infects virtually all artificially bred crustaceans, resulting in significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry in China. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is considered a promising technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of disease. For the rapid detection of S. eriocheiris, this study established basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD, which were visualised via agarose gel electrophoresis, SYBR Green I, fluorescence signals and test lines on lateral flow dipsticks. Specific primers and probes were designed based on the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of S. eriocheiris. The optimal primer pairs for the basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were RPA-F3/R3, RPA-F3/R3 and RPA-LFD-F3/R3, respectively. The optimal temperatures and times of basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were 37°C for 25 min, 39°C for 30 min and 39°C for 10 min, respectively. The specificity test indicated that in addition to the positive test results for S. eriocheiris, the other five DNA templates tested negative, demonstrating strong specificity. The results of the sensitivity test revealed that the detection limits of RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were 5.77 × 10<sup>-2</sup>, 5.77 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 1.52 × 10<sup>-6</sup> ng/μL, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. This study established three methods for the detection of S. eriocheiris that are characterised by a constant temperature, rapid response, high sensitivity and strong specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert J Lennox, Sindre H Eldøy, Angela D Schulze, Kristina M Miller, Trond Einar Isaksen, Jan G Davidsen, Cecilie I Nilsen, Lotte S Dahlmo, Knut Wiik Vollset
{"title":"Application of Conservation Genomics to Investigate the Role of Pathogens on the Migration of Sea-Run Brown Trout (Salmo trutta).","authors":"Robert J Lennox, Sindre H Eldøy, Angela D Schulze, Kristina M Miller, Trond Einar Isaksen, Jan G Davidsen, Cecilie I Nilsen, Lotte S Dahlmo, Knut Wiik Vollset","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogens play a key role in individual function and the dynamics of wild populations, but the link between pathogens and individual performance has rarely been investigated in the wild. Migrating salmonids offer an ideal study system to investigate how infection with pathogens affects performance given that climate change and fish farming portend increasing prevalence of pathogens in wild populations. To test for effects of pathogen burden on the performance of a migrating salmonid, we paired data from individual brown trout tagged with acoustic accelerometer transmitters and gill biopsies to investigate how pathogen infection affected whole animal activity during the spawning migration. Generalised additive models fitted to the acceleration data revealed individual and temporal variation in acceleration as expected, but also provided a significant effect of relative infection burden on acceleration. However, when linking this pathogen-specific effect to a relevant bioenergetic change, it was evident that the effect had little impact on the exercise-related oxygen consumption at the individual level, especially in cases where fish were not exerting high exercise activity. The results are a powerful example of how pairing non-lethal biopsies with individual tracking technologies can be used to assess how pathogens impact fish in situ.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lemar Blake, Arianne Brown Jordan, Soren Nicholls, Esteban Soto, Luke Iwanowicz, Rod Suepaul, Christopher Oura, Ayanna Carla N Phillips Savage
{"title":"Identification of Potentially Novel Mycobacterium Spp. In Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Trinidad and Tobago.","authors":"Lemar Blake, Arianne Brown Jordan, Soren Nicholls, Esteban Soto, Luke Iwanowicz, Rod Suepaul, Christopher Oura, Ayanna Carla N Phillips Savage","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potentially zoonotic Mycobacterium spp. are impacting freshwater ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago. Clinical cases presented at the Aquatic Animal Health Unit of The University of the West Indies, School of Veterinary Medicine, from September 2011 to September 2018 indicated the presence of piscine mycobacteriosis in freshwater ornamental fish from locations throughout Trinidad and Tobago. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted from June 2018 to December 2021 to identify the specific Mycobacterium spp. involved. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and later sequence the 723 bp of the rpoB. Analysis of region V of the rpoB offers similar discriminatory power as concatenation or whole genome analysis of Mycobacterium spp., and serves as an acceptable method for differentiating and discriminating between species in this genus. With respect to tank-reared freshwater ornamental fish, this study identified M. fortuitum (98.8% identity), M. liflandii (100% identity), M. stomatepiae (97.2% identity), M. pseudoshottsii related (96.9% identity), two M. stomatepiae related (95.4% and 96.7% identity), M. immunogenum related (93.4% identity), and 17 M. insubricum related (91.4%-95.2% identity). Additionally, seven mycobacteria related to M. insubricum were identified in wild-caught guppies. These findings suggest that both known, and potentially novel Mycobacterium spp. are circulating, and adversely impacting the local populations of freshwater ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"String Jellyfish Apolemia spp. (Most Likely A. uvaria) Causes Serious Tissue Damage in Farmed Fish.","authors":"Mette Hofossæter, Marta Alarcón, Helene Wisløff","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mona C Gjessing, Torstein Tengs, Hanne Nilsen, Saima Mohammad, Simon C Weli
{"title":"The First Report of Cod Gill Poxvirus in Gills of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Suffering From Cardiorespiratory Disease.","authors":"Mona C Gjessing, Torstein Tengs, Hanne Nilsen, Saima Mohammad, Simon C Weli","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atlantic cod farming experiences renewed growth in Norway, and increased awareness is essential to address emerging diseases in this species. There are few reports on gill diseases in cod, and to date, no viral gill infections of cod have been documented. In this study, we collected samples from three sequential time points in summer 2023 from farmed cod suffering from cardiorespiratory disease. We document severe heart and gill pathology, and a novel double-strand DNA virus was discovered in the gills. Through comprehensive genetic characterisation and comparative sequence analysis, this virus was classified as a new species in the genus Poxvirus, designated cod gill poxvirus (CGPV). We demonstrate disease causality with severe gill lesions as shown by histopathology and RNA scope in situ hybridisation, and poxvirus particles were identified in gill epithelial cells by transmission electron microscopy. Further, another gill pathogen not previously described in cod, Candidatus. Branchiomonas cysticola, was identified by pcr and in situ hybridisation. Our findings provide strong evidence for poxvirus in Atlantic cod and underscore the imminent threat posed to Atlantic cod farm industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianyi Mai, Qing Wang, Yingying Li, Jiyuan Yin, Xubing Mo, Cunbin Shi, Yan Ren, Donghai Liu, Xuanming Liu, Dongli Sun, Weiqiang Liu, Yuqi Jin, Weiwei Zeng, Yingying Wang
{"title":"Development and Characterisation of an Immortal Cell Line From Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) for Viral Studies.","authors":"Qianyi Mai, Qing Wang, Yingying Li, Jiyuan Yin, Xubing Mo, Cunbin Shi, Yan Ren, Donghai Liu, Xuanming Liu, Dongli Sun, Weiqiang Liu, Yuqi Jin, Weiwei Zeng, Yingying Wang","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a freshwater fish species, is cultivated widely across China. The industry has been greatly affected by various viral diseases. We generated a new immortal cell line from the fin of M. salmoides (MSF). It has been successfully maintained in continuous culture for over 80 passages. Cells multiply well at 28°C using Medium 199 or Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 10%-20% fetal bovine serum. MSF cells comprise a mass of epithelialoid cells. Chromosome analysis showed that ploidy at passage 55 was 2n = 58. Amplification and analysis of the sequence of cytochrome oxidase I gene ascertained the origin of MSF cells from M. salmoides. The cell line is devoid of contamination with mycoplasma. Successful transfection with a GFP reporter gene indicated that the MSF cell line can be a useful tool for further gene expression studies. MSF cells exhibited susceptibility to Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence confirmed that the MSF cell line showed high susceptibility to all the tested viruses. The titre values of MSF after infection with LMBV, ISKNV, and SCRV reached 10<sup>7.4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL, 10<sup>6.15</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL, and 10<sup>6.35</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL at 7dpi, respectively. In conclusion, an immortal cell line derived from the fin tissue of M. salmoides was successfully developed and certain fish viruses can effectively propagated in the newly established MSF cell line that can be helpful for future gene manipulation and infectious viral mechanistic studies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guk Hyun Kim, Dong Jun Shin, Ji Yeong Choi, Hyun Deok Choi, Joon Gyu Min, Kwang Il Kim
{"title":"Rapid Visual Detection of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Using a Novel Cross-Priming Amplification-Based Lateral Flow Assay.","authors":"Guk Hyun Kim, Dong Jun Shin, Ji Yeong Choi, Hyun Deok Choi, Joon Gyu Min, Kwang Il Kim","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) occurs mainly at high water temperatures and infects more than 30 different species of fish. In Asia, infected fish cause mass mortality every year. Molecular diagnostics is a technology that efficiently detects and identifies a wide range of fish pathogens through rapid and sensitive analysis of their genetic material. Rapid viral detection is essential for effective disease control. In this study, we developed and validated a cross-priming amplification-based lateral flow assay (CPA-LFA) suitable for field diagnosis owing to its short diagnostic time and simple diagnostic process. The CPA-LFA achieved optimal performance with concentrations of 4 mM MgSO<sub>4</sub>, 1.2 mM dNTPs and 0.7 M betaine, with the reaction conducted at 60°C for 60 min. The developed CPA-LFA could specifically identify RSIV without cross-reactivity with several pathogens commonly reported in various fish cell lines and fish. The 95% limit of detection (LOD<sub>95%</sub>) of CPA-LFA was 385.76 copies/μL, which was comparable to that of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to identify true-positive and true-negative samples from 210 fish samples (160 from cultured fish and 50 from artificially infected fish). Compared with qPCR, CPA-LFA classified six positive samples as false positives. The viral load of these samples was determined to be less than 195.1 copies/μL. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CPA-LFA were 94.34% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, inter-operator reproducibility testing yielded a kappa value of 1.0, indicating perfect agreement. Therefore, the novel CPA-LFA is especially well-suited for field diagnostics owing to its straightforward diagnostic procedure and capability to quickly and accurately detect RSIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined With Lateral-Flow Dipstick for Detection of Centrocestus formosanus in Ornamental Fish.","authors":"Metawee Sabaijai, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The minute intestinal trematode Centrocestus formosanus is a major problem that can be found in the gills of various fish species. This parasite can destroy the gill structure of fish, leading to increased fish morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on the internal transcript spacer 1 region combined with a lateral-flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay was used to detect C. formosanus in goldfish, Carassius auratus. The results showed that LAMP-LFD was specific to C. formosanus and had no cross-amplification with other co-infecting parasite species, close related parasite species or their hosts (both intermediate host and definitive host). The limit of detection is as low as one metacercaria per gill. In testing 40 goldfish gill samples, the LAMP-LFD method showed 100% accuracy when compared to traditional morphological identification. This method can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for C. formosanus detection to obtain epidemiological information for monitoring, controlling, and preventing outbreaks of this parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flóra Abonyi, Andor Doszpoly, István Czeglédi, Edit Eszterbauer
{"title":"Molecular Detection of a Novel Poxvirus in Black Bullhead (Ameiurus melas): Emerging Pathogens in a Natural Freshwater in Hungary?","authors":"Flóra Abonyi, Andor Doszpoly, István Czeglédi, Edit Eszterbauer","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unexpected mass mortality of black bullhead Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) fingerlings occurred 1 week after their arrival at our animal facility. The specimens of the invasive fish species originated from Lake Balaton, the largest natural freshwater lake in Hungary. The mortality reached 100% within 3 days. Gross pathological examination detected inflammation in the inner organs, renomegaly, and a marble, pale pink liver. Two pathogenic bacteria strains, Vibrio cholerae Pacini, 1854, and Plesiomonas shigelloides (Bader 1954), were detected in the fish liver examined. The molecular virological examination showed the presence of the nucleic acid of two dsDNA viruses. One is the Ictalurid herpesvirus 2 (IcHV-2), which is a well-known pathogen of the black bullhead that has only been reported from Italian fish farms previously. This is the first report of IcHV-2 from a natural freshwater habitat. The other viral DNA detected in fish belongs to an unidentified virus species. Sequence analysis of the partial DNA polymerase gene confirmed that the novel virus is a member of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae within the family Poxviridae. Although the causative agent of this mass mortality could not be identified with certainty, the clinical signs suggest that the detected viruses are the most suspicious. Furthermore, our results highlight that the health monitoring of invasive species is also important for the timely detection of pathogens that threaten the native fish fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert L Gendron, Rebecca R Kwabiah, Hélène Paradis, Denise Tucker, Danny Boyce, Javier Santander
{"title":"Novel Application of Non-Invasive Methodological Approaches in Biomedical Sciences Towards Better Understanding of Marine Teleost Ocular Health and Disease.","authors":"Robert L Gendron, Rebecca R Kwabiah, Hélène Paradis, Denise Tucker, Danny Boyce, Javier Santander","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seafood is an important resource for global nutrition and food security, with both land and marine aquaculture playing pivotal roles. High visual acuity is key for health and survival of farmed, cultured, and wild fish. Cleaner fish technology to control parasite infestation has become important in marine aquaculture and highlights the importance of visual acuity in the efficacy of cleaner fish species. New clinical diagnostic approaches towards understanding and optimising fish visual health could benefit both aquacultured and wild fish populations. Opportunities for developing and using advanced non-invasive clinical assessment and diagnosis of ocular health in wild, cultured, and experimental fish are key to more rapidly realising how threats to eye health in these animals might be better understood and mitigated. Ophthalmoscopy can rapidly and non-invasively image anatomical aspects of retinal and anterior ocular tissues and has been used in mammalian biomedicine since the turn of the 20th century. More now than ever, labour-intensive post-mortem approaches for ocular analysis such as histology are increasingly being replaced or supplemented by application of various forms of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of ocular tissues in mammalian biomedicine. Advances and availability of other methodological approaches such as three-dimensional printing and computer science make instrument customisation affordable and adaptable. This review article will outline how ophthalmoscopy, OCT, and other methodologies are being applied towards understanding ocular health in teleost fish species and will describe some of the future opportunities that technological advances might afford in advancing ocular imaging in fish health and disease in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}