Journal of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"First Molecular Detection of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) and the Parasite Centrocestus formosanus in the Ornamental Fish Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) in Chile","authors":"Jaiber J. Solano-Iguaran,&nbsp;Felipe Pontigo,&nbsp;Dennis Cisterna,&nbsp;Carla Anguita,&nbsp;Margarita P. González-Gómez","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) is a significant fish pathogen historically reported in East and Southeast Asia and increasingly detected in other regions, often in association with the international movement of ornamental fish. <i>Centrocestus formosanus</i> is a digenean trematode of sanitary and economic relevance, with zoonotic potential, that uses snails and fish as intermediate hosts. In this study, ornamental fish representing 24 species were sampled from 13 quarantine facilities across Chile. ISKNV was detected in samples of platy fish (<i>Xiphophorus maculatus</i>) from two quarantine facilities in the Metropolitana district in Chile, both supplied by the same exporter in the State of Florida (United States). <i>C. formosanus</i> metacercariae were also detected in the gills of two ISKNV-positive platy fish. These results represent the first molecular detection of ISKNV and <i>C. formosanus</i> in ornamental fish in Chile and highlight the relevance of targeted surveillance for high-risk pathogens in imported ornamental fish.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC–MS Analysis and Antiviral Efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Postbiotic Extracts Against Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus","authors":"Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal,&nbsp;Gilbert Ringgit,&nbsp;Zy Chee Wong,&nbsp;Leong Seng Lim,&nbsp;Fui Fui Ching,&nbsp;Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami,&nbsp;Abdul Aziz Jaziri,&nbsp;Muhamad Afiq Aziz,&nbsp;Hiroaki Saito,&nbsp;Motohiko Sano","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes devastating economic losses in salmonid aquaculture and effective control measures are urgently needed. This study investigates the anti-IHNV potential of postbiotics derived from <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>. The crude postbiotic extract (PBP20o) and a neutralized version (PBP20a) were evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Both extracts exhibited a safe concentration threshold of 1.15 μgmL⁻¹. Remarkably, treatment with PBP20o and PBP20a at this non-cytotoxic concentration reduced IHNV titers by 0.82 log₁₀TCID₅₀/ml (84.9%) and 0.46 log₁₀TCID₅₀/ml (65.3%), respectively. The enhanced efficacy of the acidic extract might suggest a dual mechanism involving direct acid-mediated viral inactivation combined with the action of pH-stable bioactive metabolites. GC–MS identified three potential antiviral compounds, including such as trans-cinnamic acid (RT = 33.688, A% = 0.39), pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) (RT = 48.516, A% = 13.54) and hexadecanamide (RT = 56.226, A% = 3.11) from <i>L. plantarum</i> postbiotic. This study identifies <i>L. plantarum</i> postbiotics as a novel and promising source of antiviral compounds, offering a potential alternative strategy for mitigating IHNV outbreaks in aquaculture while ensuring biosafety for the target host and end consumers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stage-Aligned Disease Management Framework for Aeromonas hydrophila in Aquaculture: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship","authors":"Nur Hidayahanum Hamid,&nbsp;Murni Marlina Abd Karim,&nbsp;Hassan Mohd Daud,&nbsp;Ruhil Hayati Hamdan,&nbsp;Siti Fairus Mohamed Yusoff","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> remains a persistent challenge in freshwater aquaculture despite extensive research and the availability of multiple disease-control strategies. Although antibiotics are widely used, alternative approaches including probiotics, immunostimulants, vaccines and bacteriophages are often evaluated in isolation. Increasing evidence indicates that disease outbreaks are not driven by pathogen presence alone, but by dynamic interactions among host condition, environmental stability and pathogen virulence. This review synthesises evidence from 45 controlled intervention studies to propose a stage-aligned framework for managing <i>A. hydrophila</i>, in which disease progression reflects increasing system instability. Stage I (Baseline Prevention) focuses on biosecurity, water quality management and microbiome stability. Stage II (Immune Priming) addresses early risk conditions characterised by elevated stress and immune responses alongside increasing pathogen load, where immune modulation, functional feeds and prophylactic vaccination enhance host resilience. Stage III (Containment) involves targeted interventions, including bacteriophage application, environmental correction and strengthened biosecurity to limit pathogen amplification and transmission. Stage IV (Emergency Control) represents acute outbreak conditions requiring integrated responses, including disinfectant application, emergency biosecurity measures and diagnosis-guided antibiotic use where legally permitted. Reported relative percent survival (RPS) varies substantially between laboratory and field conditions, highlighting the context-dependent performance of interventions. By prioritising intervention timing and system condition over intrinsic tool efficacy, this framework supports reduced antimicrobial reliance while maintaining production stability in intensive aquaculture systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Reduces Shedding of Salmonid Alphavirus Subtype 3, but Bacterial Co-Infection Influences the Effect","authors":"Søren Grove,&nbsp;H. Craig Morton,&nbsp;Dhamotharan Kannimuthu,&nbsp;HyeongJin Roh,&nbsp;Ravikumar M. Chovatia,&nbsp;Ma Michelle Peñaranda,&nbsp;Dawit Ghebretnsae,&nbsp;Kai Ove Skaftnesmo","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waterborne horizontal transmission of viral diseases in fish relies on the release of infectious virus particles (termed shedding) into the aquatic environment. Both the rate and duration of shedding are critical for efficient viral spread, making interventions that reduce shedding valuable for disease control. While vaccines primarily aim to protect individuals from infection and severe disease, they should ideally also limit pathogen transmission by reducing shedding. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of two commercial vaccines—Clynav (DNA vaccine) and AlphaJect Micro 1-PD (inactivated whole-virus vaccine) to reduce Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) shedding following experimental infection of Atlantic salmon post-smolts. In individually housed fish, AlphaJect Micro 1-PD significantly reduced the proportion of SAV3-shedding fish, duration of shedding, and cumulative shedding, while Clynav significantly reduced shedding duration and the proportion of shedding fish. In cohort tanks (each containing 60 fish), all of which had concurrent inadvertent <i>Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi</i> co-infection, AlphaJect Micro 1-PD significantly reduced the cumulative shedding but increased the duration of shedding. In comparison, Clynav vaccination reduced both cumulative shedding and shedding duration, though not significantly. These results demonstrate the potential of vaccines to limit SAV3 transmission, while also highlighting how co-infections likely influence vaccine efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Field Applications of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Medicinal Plant Products for Disease Control in Aquaculture","authors":"Mustafa Öz,&nbsp;Enes Üstüner,&nbsp;Sümmani Çifci,&nbsp;Suat Dikel,&nbsp;Emin İleri,&nbsp;Furkan Budak","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disease outbreaks and the associated reliance on antibiotics pose major constraints to the sustainability of modern aquaculture. As regulatory pressures increase and consumer demand shifts toward residue-free production, diverse biological interventions are gaining prominence as viable alternatives to chemotherapeutics. These include microbiome-modulating agents (probiotics, classical prebiotics, and synbiotics), alongside a distinctly separate category of functional additives: phytogenics (medicinal plant derivatives), which are valued for their direct bioactive and immunomodulatory properties. This review synthesizes current laboratory and field-based evidence regarding the efficacy, mechanisms, and practical challenges of these functional additives. While in vitro and controlled studies demonstrate clear benefits in immune modulation, competitive exclusion, and gut health, real-world application is frequently hindered by environmental inconsistencies and formulation instability. We critically evaluate the impact of system-specific variables and draw several specific mechanistic inferences: First, the over-reliance on static in vitro assays fundamentally fails to predict in vivo colonization under multifactorial field stress (e.g., thermal and pH fluctuations). Second, thermal degradation during industrial feed extrusion is a primary driver of batch-to-batch inconsistency, rendering advanced microencapsulation and post-coating techniques practically mandatory for viable delivery. Third, the efficacy of functional additives is strictly governed by the culture matrix; while the chemical stability of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) yields predictable outcomes, open ponds face severe abiotic fluctuations, and Biofloc Technology (BFT) requires precise Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C:N) stoichiometry to facilitate heterotrophic assimilation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a strategic shift toward next-generation interventions specifically thermal-stable postbiotics, precision phage therapy for niche-clearing, and rigorous multi-omics technologies for molecular validation, replacing purely phenotypic observations. By integrating these specific innovations within a precision digital health framework, this work provides a comprehensive roadmap for standardizing bio-based disease control for sustainable and reproducible aquaculture production.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148330470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome and Pathobiome Characterization in Farmed Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) During and Post Scale Drop Disease Outbreaks","authors":"Nguyen Thanh Vu,&nbsp;Xueyan Shen,&nbsp;Susan Gibson-Kueh,&nbsp;Maura Carrai,&nbsp;Celestine Terence,&nbsp;Zhi Weng Josiah Poon,&nbsp;Sarah Priyanka Nelson,&nbsp;Saengchan Senapin,&nbsp;Ha Thanh Dong,&nbsp;Jiun-Yan Loh,&nbsp;Dean R. Jerry,&nbsp;Jose A. Domingos","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale double-digest RAD sequencing (ddRADseq) datasets generated for genotyping are increasingly available in aquaculture, yet their unmapped reads remain largely unexplored for pathogen surveillance. Here, we evaluated the utility and limitations of repurposing unmapped ddRADseq reads to examine pathogen-associated and disease-associated microbiome-pathobiome patterns during scale drop disease (SDD) outbreaks in farmed barramundi (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>). Using fin clips ddRADseq datasets from 4593 barramundi across four commercial sea-cages, we profiled bacterial and viral communities by taxonomic classification of unmapped reads. Fish sampled during active outbreaks consistently exhibited strong enrichment of scale drop disease virus (SDDV-associated signals; 76.3%–80.5%), frequently co-occurrence with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV; 0%–13.4%), along with a marked microbial shift towards <i>Vibrio</i>-dominated bacterial communities, particularly reads classified within the <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> clade. In contrast, clinically healthy post-outbreak fish showed consistently low viral signals and were characterized by distinct, more diverse microbial profiles dominated by <i>Alphanudivirus</i>, <i>Cyvirus</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> and <i>Burkholderia</i>, indicating a comparatively stable microbiome state in the absence of active disease outbreaks. Treating normalized pathogen read counts as proxy traits, exploratory quantitative genetic analyses indicated low overall heritability estimates for SDDV-associated signal (<i>h</i>² = 0.08), with higher cohort-specific estimates (up to 0.23), consistent with strong environmental or co-infection effects and complex co-infection dynamics in open-sea farming systems. While ddRADseq-based pathogen detection is inherently biased by restriction-enzyme site representation, host-DNA dominance and the lack of absolute quantification, consistent patterns observed across thousands of fish tissues across multiple cohorts and outbreak stages provide biological meaningful population-level insights into farm-associated microbiome and pathobiome dynamics. Together, our results support that the use of unmapped ddRADseq reads as a cost-effective, complementary tool for retrospective pathogen screening and hypothesis generation in aquaculture, alongside targeted surveillance and diagnostic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Manifestations of Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus Infection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"Emily Mahon,&nbsp;Rebecca R. Kwabiah,&nbsp;Hélène Paradis,&nbsp;Manuel A. Soto-Dávila,&nbsp;Sathees Duglas,&nbsp;Raja Ram Gurung,&nbsp;Thurka Paramanathan,&nbsp;Ignacio Vasquez,&nbsp;Shams Al-Badoosh,&nbsp;John Law,&nbsp;Javier Santander,&nbsp;Mark D. Fast,&nbsp;Robert L. Gendron","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eyes are essential sensory organs needed by teleost Atlantic salmon for high visual acuity and survival in both the wild and in aquaculture settings. In this work, we assessed the ocular manifestations of Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) infection in Atlantic salmon by a cohabitation-mediated infection assay and histological and immunohistochemical approaches. The findings reveal that Atlantic salmon with a systemic ISAV infection displayed ISAV antigen accumulation in specific ocular tissues and significant ocular morphological changes that could compromise visual acuity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ISAV-related ocular pathological changes correlate with changes in expression levels and/or spatial localizations of IgM, Sox6, Sox9, collagen type 1, Gata1, and CD10 in specific compartments of the eye. The cornea is likely one of the first ocular tissues to be exposed to the cohabitation-mediated ISAV infection. The ISAV-infected Atlantic salmon showed corneal dysplasia, which correlated with increased corneal stromal ISAV antigen expression, dysregulated IgM, Sox6, and collagen type 1 expression, and an induction of Sox9 expression at the corneal surface. The choroid rete mirabile of ISAV-infected eyes showed a decreased complement of erythrocytes, consistent with anaemia, while Gata1 expression, a key mediator of erythropoiesis, was upregulated compared to non-infected eyes, suggesting a potential erythropoietic compensatory response. These findings provide a basis for further study of ISAV-mediated ocular pathological changes and new insight into the pathogenesis of orthomyxoviruses in the eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milbemycin A4, Derived From Streptomyces bingchenggensis Exhibits Antiviral Activity Against MSRV In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Qianhao Shao,&nbsp;Yan Zhou,&nbsp;Xinhui Tong,&nbsp;Huan Qi,&nbsp;Shiwen Sun,&nbsp;Xutin Guan,&nbsp;Jidong Wang,&nbsp;Dawei Song","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highly pathogenic <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> rhabdovirus (MSRV) poses a serious threat to largemouth bass aquaculture, leading to considerable economic losses. We assessed the anti-MSRV activity of milbemycin A4 (A4), a macrolide derived from <i>Streptomyces bingchenggensis</i> in both cell-based and animal models. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that A4 was not toxic to EPC cells at concentrations up to 6.4 mg/L. It significantly reduced viral N gene expression by approximately 90.25%. A4 also suppressed MSRV-induced apoptosis, decreasing the apoptotic cell population by about 21.88%, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Investigations of the viral life cycle demonstrated that A4 directly targets virions, impairing their binding and internalization, and additionally inhibits early post-entry replication events. In vivo analyses further revealed that A4 treatment led to significant induction of antiviral-related genes (<i>IRF3</i>, <i>IRF7</i> and <i>IFN-γ</i>), which was accompanied by enhanced survival of infected fish (54%), along with reduced viral accumulation in the liver and spleen and alleviated histopathological damage. These findings suggest that A4 exhibits strong anti-MSRV activity by targeting early infection stages, protecting mitochondrial integrity and enhancing host innate immunity, highlighting its potential for application in aquaculture disease control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotypic and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout Farms in Turkey: Implications for Vibriosis Control and Vaccine Candidate Selection.","authors":"Soner Altun, Muhammed Duman, Jesús L Romalde, Nihed Ajmi, Gorkem Tasci, Cuneyt Ozakin, Nazmiye Ulku Tuzemen, Bekir Akça, Sebahattin Ergün, Sevdan Yılmaz, Izzet Burcin Saticioglu","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbreaks of vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum are a persistent constraint on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. However, information on the population structure of field strains in Turkey has been lacking. Here, we report the first systematic serotypic, proteomic, and genomic characterization of 23 V. anguillarum isolates collected over 10 years from rainbow trout farms located in six major aquaculture regions of Turkey. Serological analyses based on microagglutination, supported by ELISA characterization of hyperimmune sera, identified a clear predominance of serotype O1, whereas isolate V12 exhibited a non-agglutinating, atypical O-antigen profile. Protein profiling (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting showed largely conserved whole-cell protein patterns among the isolates, but distinct immunogenic bands at 14, 18, and 40 kDa were detected in isolates V18 and V21. Long-read whole-genome sequencing revealed that most Turkish isolates grouped within the global O1 clade, while V12, V25, and V28 isolates occupied more distant branches. Comparative genomics demonstrated a conserved core virulence gene set (RTX toxins, siderophore and iron-uptake systems, motility and adhesion factors, Type VI secretion system), with strain-dependent variation in accessory loci such as anguibactin and T6SS-I. Experimental infections of rainbow trout demonstrated significant differences in virulence among isolates (p < 0.05), with the V18 isolate showing high, the V15 intermediate, and the V12 low-mortality rates. By elucidating the relationship among the serotype, immunogenic protein profiles, virulence gene repertoires, and in vivo pathogenicity, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the antigenic and genomic diversity of Vibrio anguillarum isolates from Turkey. Notably, the identification of V18 and V21 as promising candidate strains for further vaccine evaluation, characterized by high virulence and unique immunogenic features, provides a scientific foundation for the development of serotype-specific vaccination strategies to mitigate vibriosis-associated losses in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanoma and Other Melanistic Lesions in Brown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus From Waterbodies in the Northeastern United States and Canada: Identification of Risk Factors","authors":"Vicki S. Blazer,&nbsp;Peter Emerson,&nbsp;Matthew Bodnar,&nbsp;Thomas Jones,&nbsp;David R. Russell,&nbsp;Matthew Pehrson,&nbsp;Cheyenne R. Smith,&nbsp;Danielle Cleveland,&nbsp;Mark J. Henderson,&nbsp;Patricia M. Mazik","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70207","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melanistic lesions, including non-raised black areas due to proliferations of melanocytes and melanomacrophages in the dermis and epidermis, as well as raised black areas consistent with melanoma, are described in brown bullhead (BBH) <i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i> from three water bodies in the northeastern United States and Quebec, Canada. First observed in the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog, Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada, the prevalence of melanistic lesions during 2014–2020 was greater than 30% in BBH 200 mm and longer. In 2023, seven sites throughout the lake were assessed, and prevalence ranged from 18% to 42%. In Hermon Pond, Maine, the prevalence was 29% in 2024, and in Village Pond, New Hampshire, lesions occurred in 22% of BBH in 2025. Compared to skin from visibly normal BBH, skin with melanistic lesions had significantly higher concentrations of seven metals, including arsenic, a known carcinogen and zinc. Lesions associated with oxidative damage, such as the accumulation of ceroid/lipofuscin, were also observed in the gill, spleen and kidney tissue of both affected and visibly normal BBH. The progression of lesions, observed by histopathology, ranged from inflammation, signs of oxidative damage, proliferation and necrosis of club cells, and the presence of melanomacrophages and melanocytes in the epidermis to invasive melanoma and suggests chronic exposure of BBH to environmental initiators and promoters of carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}