Prevalence Estimates of Anisakis spp. Infection in Fish From Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Anisakis spp. is a notable fish parasite linked to foodborne diseases, representing a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Despite various reports from different regions indicating fluctuating prevalence levels of Anisakis spp. in diverse fish species in Indonesia, the overarching national prevalence remains uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection among Indonesian fish. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six online databases, and articles were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 65 studies fit the inclusion criteria with an average quality assessment score of 7.23 ± 1.77. The overall pooled prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection in fish in Indonesia was 32.63% (95% CI, 25.44%-40.73%). Subgroup analyses conducted based on province, sample origin, ecological niche and fish genus revealed no statistically significant differences. Meta-regression indicated no significant changes in infection rates over time (p-value: 0.44). The study also confirmed the absence of publication bias. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of Anisakis spp. infection is relatively high and poses a potential health risk related to fish consumption, warranting further epidemiological research into its impact on human health.