Maria Zawisza, Muhammad Abdullah, Magdalena Marcinkowska, Marek Matras, Krzysztof Rakus, Mikolaj Adamek
{"title":"Modulation of Sodium and Ammonia Transporters in the Context of Viral Gill Diseases in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).","authors":"Maria Zawisza, Muhammad Abdullah, Magdalena Marcinkowska, Marek Matras, Krzysztof Rakus, Mikolaj Adamek","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osmoregulation and ammonia removal are among key physiological processes that take place in gills and affect fish homeostasis and well-being. These processes can be disrupted by numerous environmental factors, but also by viral infections, especially those leading to severe gill disorders. The mechanisms of how viruses disrupt osmoregulation and ammonia removal in fish have not been extensively studied. We propose further exploration of the molecular and functional basis of viral induced gill disorders by studying the gene expression and enzyme activity of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPases (NKA) and ammonia transporters in the gills and kidney of common carp during infection with two viruses: carp edema virus (CEV) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). In the case of NKA, the expression of subunit α of selected NKA was affected by both viruses; however, no discernible trends were observed in the gills and kidneys. The enzyme activity of NKA was significantly reduced in the gills during infection with both CEV and CyHV-3. Moreover, our immunohistochemical studies showed that during infection with CEV and CyHV-3, NKA-rich cells are transferred from the primary lamellae to the more superficial space and to the secondary lamellae of the gills. In the case of ammonia transporters, both CEV and CyHV-3 infection resulted in downregulation of the expression of major transporters gdh1, Rhag, and Rhbg, allowing us to partly explain the ammonia accumulation in blood observed during infection with these viruses. This study highlighted that virus induced gill disorders may lead to disruption of osmoregulation and ammonia removal by dysregulating the expression and activity of NKA and ammonia transporters.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin-Young Kim, Su-Mi Shin, Se Ryun Kwon, Sung-Ju Jung
{"title":"Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Noninvasive Detection of Miamiensis avidus in Olive Flounder Aquaculture.","authors":"Jin-Young Kim, Su-Mi Shin, Se Ryun Kwon, Sung-Ju Jung","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi) leads to high mortality and economic losses in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture. In this study, we developed a real-time PCR assay targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene of M. avidus to sensitively detect and quantify the parasite in seawater. The assay showed a strong linear correlation between the log copy number of the standard plasmid and Ct values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9985), achieving an amplification efficiency of 96.26%. The cox1 gene copy number was estimated at 6017 ± 2794 copies per cell. The assay specifically detected M. avidus (cox1 genotypes 1-4) without cross-reacting with Cryptocaryon irritans or Uronema elegans, identifying as few as two M. avidus cells in 1 L of seawater with 100% accuracy (Ct value: 31.95 ± 0.78). The noninvasive seawater sampling demonstrates higher sensitivity than invasive tissue sampling. A high density of M. avidus (57.81 cells/10 L) was detected in tanks housing olive flounder with clinical signs of infection, and sporadic detection occurred in both inflow and effluent seawater. The developed real-time PCR assay provides a sensitive, specific and noninvasive method for detecting and quantifying M. avidus, enabling improved disease prevention and management in fish farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen M Pefanis, Graeme Knowles, Peter G Mohr, Kate Swift, Jemma Bergfeld, Teresa K Wilson, Marianne Douglas, Rachelle Hawkins, John Hoad, Adam Costin, Jacqueline Morris, David Cummins, Nicholas J G Moody
{"title":"Viral Nervous Necrosis due to Betanodavirus: A Case Study in Pot-Bellied Seahorses (Hippocampus abdominals).","authors":"Stephen M Pefanis, Graeme Knowles, Peter G Mohr, Kate Swift, Jemma Bergfeld, Teresa K Wilson, Marianne Douglas, Rachelle Hawkins, John Hoad, Adam Costin, Jacqueline Morris, David Cummins, Nicholas J G Moody","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Betanodaviruses, members of the Nodaviridae family, are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in fish, resulting in great economic losses worldwide. This is the first case study describing the detection and confirmation of viral nervous necrosis in pot-bellied seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) in Australia. Clinical signs of this infection in the seahorses included whirling, floating and cessation of feeding. Histopathological findings included prominent vacuolation in the grey matter of the brain and in the retina of the eye. Betanodavirus infection was initially detected by betanodavirus reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and nested PCR. Sequencing confirmed the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype of betanodavirus. The RGNNV genotype of betanodavirus has previously been detected in Australia in fish, including barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and striped trumpeter (Latris lineata). Immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against the capsid protein of betanodavirus demonstrated intralesional virus antigen. Betanodavirus targeted the brain, spinal cord and retina, causing intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neuronal processes and neuronal necrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon R M Jones, Crawford W Revie, Lance Stewardson
{"title":"Trends in Abundance of Sea Lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi on Juvenile Wild Pacific Salmon Unchanged Following Cessation of Salmon Aquaculture in Coastal British Columbia.","authors":"Simon R M Jones, Crawford W Revie, Lance Stewardson","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of a New Endothelial Cell Line of Japanese Eel and Its Application to the Investigation of Temperature Preference of Japanese Eel Endothelial Cells-Infecting Virus.","authors":"Kousuke Umeda, Tomokazu Takano, Norio Iinuma, Masayuki Yoshikawa, Natsuki Morimoto, Tomomasa Matsuyama","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (JEECV) is the causative agent of viral endothelial cell necrosis of eel (VECNE), which adversely affects eel aquaculture in East Asian countries. The virus primarily infects vascular endothelial cells and causes the enlargement of cell nuclei. Notably, high water temperatures (approximately 35°C) reduce the mortality from VECNE, but the temperature preference of this virus is not known. In this study, we established a cell line, designated JEE-2, from the bulbus arteriosus of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). JEE-2 was considered endothelial because of its morphology and cholesterol uptake activity. JEECV was successfully cultured in the cells. In vitro-cultured JEECV caused cytopathic effects, such as enlarged nuclei in JEE-2 and VECNE symptoms in vivo. We examined the temperature preferences of the cells and the virus in vitro. JEE-2 cells showed the highest growth at 25°C-30°C, relatively slower growth at 35°C, and slight growth at 37°C. JEECV grew at 25°C-32.5°C, but the growth was considerably limited at 35°C. These results explain the lower mortality of Japanese eels with VECNE at high temperatures. This study will help further understand the infection mechanism of JEECV and develop control measures against it.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Miranda Cardoso de Sá, Márcia Carolina Salomão, Helena Passeri Lavrado, Wilson Thadeu Valle Machado, Ana Paula de Castro Rodrigues, Fernando Augusto Pereira Tuna
{"title":"Description and Patterns of Hyperostosis in Plata Pompano, Trachinotus marginatus Cuvier, 1832.","authors":"Alice Miranda Cardoso de Sá, Márcia Carolina Salomão, Helena Passeri Lavrado, Wilson Thadeu Valle Machado, Ana Paula de Castro Rodrigues, Fernando Augusto Pereira Tuna","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the occurrence of hyperostosis, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time in Trachinotus marginatus Cuvier 1832 and examines its patterns in 21 specimens from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Radiographic images revealed the presence of the condition in 76.2% of the individuals, affecting five distinct bone regions: supraoccipital (76.2%), dorsal-fin pterygiophore (52.3%), anal-fin pterygiophore (9.5%), rib (4.8%) and hemal spine (4.8%). Hyperostosis was consistently observed in the first dorsal pterygiophore and was not found in the other dorsal pterygiophores. A directional linearity was noted in the growth of the supraoccipital crest in the cranial region as the sexual maturation of individuals progressed, demonstrating a tendency for bone expansion. Although hyperostosis is a species-specific condition, the studied species did not exhibit a clear relationship between specific bone region patterns and the total length of the individual, suggesting no progression in the same affected regions as the animal grows. Longitudinal histological sections of the supraoccipital and ribs revealed high bone porosity caused by hyperostosis, with the presence of several vascular channels. This study represents the first report of the condition of this species, which is an important resource for artisanal fishing in southern Brazilian waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Kudryavtsev, Ekaterina Volkova, Aleksey Parshukov
{"title":"Ptolemeba bulliensis Watson et al. 2014 (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea) From Freshwater NGD-Affected Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Gills Tolerates Brackish Water Conditions.","authors":"Alexander Kudryavtsev, Ekaterina Volkova, Aleksey Parshukov","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to expand our knowledge of the diversity of lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa) that can be isolated from the gills of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) affected by nodular gill disease (NGD). A new strain of an amoebozoan, Ptolemeba bulliensis Watson et al. 2014 (Tubulinea) was isolated, studied and identified from the gills of farmed trout showing signs of NGD in the northwest of Russia. The strain was identified using morphological and molecular (small subunit [SSU] ribosomal RNA gene sequence data) characters. Actin and cytochrome c oxidase (Cox1) gene sequences were obtained for the representative of Ptolemeba for the first time. A peculiar feature of the Cox1 gene is the presence of group I intron that contains a 177 amino acids long open reading frame encoding a homing endonuclease. This is the first case of a group I intron in the Cox1 gene in Amoebozoa apart from Dictyostelium. In the experimental study, the studied amoebae demonstrate a broad range of salinity tolerance. They are capable of survival and reproduction in a range of salinities between freshwater Prescott and James medium and 18‰, but could not survive or reproduce in 25‰ and above. This indicates a possibility of this species' distribution through brackish water biotopes and shows that in case of pathogenicity for the farmed fish, the methods of treatment based on increasing salinity may be inefficient. In spite of the lack of direct evidence for pathogenicity, repeated observations of P. bulliensis isolated from the gills may suggest its association with the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marit Måsøy Amundsen, Haitham Tartor, Kristrun Kristþórsdóttir, Snorre Gulla, Brit Tørud, Simon Weli, Mona Cecilie Gjessing
{"title":"Atlantic Salmon Alevins Experimentally Exposed to Salmon Gill Poxvirus Become Infected, With the Virus Targeting Epithelial Cells in the Gills, Oral Cavity and Skin.","authors":"Marit Måsøy Amundsen, Haitham Tartor, Kristrun Kristþórsdóttir, Snorre Gulla, Brit Tørud, Simon Weli, Mona Cecilie Gjessing","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) can cause severe gill pathology, leading to respiratory distress and high mortality rates in salmon hatcheries, known as salmon gill poxvirus disease. While the infection has been documented in salmon at sea, broodfish and wild salmon, its occurrence in salmon alevins remains unreported. This study presents four trials aiming to infect salmon alevins with SGPV, focusing on variations in storage conditions, processing of the infectious material and cohabitation. Utilising RNAscope in situ hybridisation and PCR techniques, we show that epithelial cells in the gills, oral cavity and skin of Atlantic salmon alevins can indeed be infected with SGPV. Moreover, our findings revealed that storing the challenge material at - 20°C compromises the virus infectivity. In contrast, preservation at - 80°C retains infectivity, even in the supernatant of homogenised infected gills.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin M Stilwell, Lauren Michaels, Whitney Daniel, Jamie Torres, Nicole I Stacy
{"title":"Nephroblastoma in a Little Skate, Leucoraja erinaceus (Mitchill, 1825).","authors":"Justin M Stilwell, Lauren Michaels, Whitney Daniel, Jamie Torres, Nicole I Stacy","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Marsella, T Pretto, C Samassa, P Tedesco, F Pascoli, L Congiu, A Gustinelli, F Borghesan, A Toffan
{"title":"Leiomyoma Causing Disease in a Wild Adriatic Sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii , Bonaparte, 1836).","authors":"A Marsella, T Pretto, C Samassa, P Tedesco, F Pascoli, L Congiu, A Gustinelli, F Borghesan, A Toffan","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Adriatic sturgeon, Acipenser naccarii, is an endemic species to the Adriatic Sea basin classified as critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List. Limited information is available regarding the health status and diseases affecting this species, particularly in the wild. In September 2023, a post-spawning female Adriatic sturgeon was found along the edges of the Adige River. The fish displayed abnormal swimming, cutaneous haemorrhages, extreme emaciation and died shortly after its finding. At necropsy, the stomach appeared enlarged with a firm texture and a severe restriction of the lumen due to the thickening of the gastric wall. A gastric leiomyoma was characterised by histology, and this represents the first description of such neoplasia in A. naccarii. In the intestine, a severe infestation with roundworm belonging to the phylum Acanthocephala was responsible for severe haemorrhagic enteritis. The parasites were identified as belonging to the species Leptorhynchoides polycristatus, providing the first description of such a parasite in Italy. Finally, genetic analyses were performed in order to assess genetic purity and relatedness with captive breeding stocks. The results showed that the individual did not cluster with any captive identified groups, supporting the likelihood of a pure and wild-origin Adriatic sturgeon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}