Journal of fish diseases最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Monoterpenes in Nile Tilapia Infected With Edwardsiella tarda: A Phytogenic Alternative to Oxytetracycline.","authors":"Danilo Vitor Vilhena Batista, Adolfo Jatobá, Alexandre Vaz da Silva, Ana Paula de Souza, Caio Francisco Santana Farias, Emilly Monteiro Lopes, Marco Shizuo Owatari, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Silvia Terra Fontes, Fernando Yugo Yamamoto, Maurício Laterça Martins, José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a combination of monoterpenes (thymol and carvacrol) in treating juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Edwardsiella tarda as a potential substitute for the antibiotic oxytetracycline. The study utilised different concentrations of the monoterpenes blend (MTs): 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of feed. A negative control group received a diet without the additive, while a positive control group was given medicated feed containing oxytetracycline (OTC) (11.85 g kg<sup>-1</sup>) for a 10-day treatment period. Cumulative mortality (%), haematological and immunological parameters were assessed after the feed administration. The negative control group experienced a mortality rate of 53%, while fish treated with medicated feed had a significantly lower mortality rate of 3%. The addition of MTs at concentrations of 0.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> (13% mortality), 0.6 g kg<sup>-1</sup> (8% mortality) and 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> (0% mortality) also resulted in reduced mortality rates, with the highest concentration showing survival rates comparable to the oxytetracycline group. Following the 10-day treatment period, no mortality was observed in the treated groups, indicating the efficacy of MTs-supplemented feed in alleviating the clinical symptoms of Edwardsiellosis. The haematological parameters indicated that as the dosage of MTs increased, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased. The MCV was significantly lower in the 0.6 and 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> treatments compared to the control. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin initially increased with the 0.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> MTs treatment but then decreased with higher doses. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was higher in the treated groups compared to the control. Red blood cell levels were higher in the 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> MTs treatment and lower in the 0.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> treatment. Ht was higher in the control group and lower in the 0.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> MTs treatment. Haemoglobin levels followed a similar trend, with higher values in the control group. The 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> MTs treatment had the highest number of total leucocytes and lymphocytes. The control group had the highest number of neutrophils, while the 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> MTs group had higher numbers of monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and thrombocytes. The negative control exhibited the lowest antimicrobial titre compared to the OTC and the various concentrations of MTs. The concentrations of MTs (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup>) demonstrated similar average values and were more effective than the control and OTC. There was no significant difference in agglutinating titre among MTs, control and OTC. Thymol and carvacrol notably decreased the mortality of tilapia infected with E. tarda, with a dosage as high as 0.8 g kg<sup>-1</sup> showing equivalent effectiveness to oxytetracycline. Furthermore, they enhanced haematological and immunolog","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Streptococcus iniae Infection in Cultured Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) in Thailand.","authors":"Watcharapol Suyapoh, Chananchita Nilake, Aseeya Sriamad, Thanawat Assawakulkamneard, Teerarat Prasertsee, Sasibha Jantrakajorn","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus iniae is a known pathogen in aquaculture, but its role in disease outbreaks in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) has not been previously reported. This study documents the first outbreaks of S. iniae in spotted scat from two farms in Southern Thailand. Affected fish showed typical streptococcosis symptoms. Bacteria recovered from internal organs were identified as S. iniae by VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed high similarity to S. iniae isolates from Nile tilapia and Asian seabass in Thailand and other countries. Multilocus sequence typing classified isolates as ST4 within clonal complex 1, indicating low genetic diversity and broad host range. Experimental infections confirmed pathogenicity, with mortalities peaking 2-7 days post-injection. High-dose groups experienced 100% mortality. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was 1.83 × 10³ CFU/fish for S21 (Phatthalung) and 4.22 × 10⁴ CFU/fish for S36 (Songkhla). Histopathology revealed encephalitis, myocarditis and renal tubular necrosis. All isolates were highly susceptible to tested antimicrobials. These findings highlight S. iniae as a new pathogen in spotted scat aquaculture in Thailand and emphasise the need for integrated management focused on water quality, parasite control and husbandry practices to mitigate streptococcosis risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Driven Duplex Lateral Flow Diagnostic Kit for Concurrent Detecting Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus and Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus: A Comparative Analysis of RPA and PCR Methods.","authors":"Cuneyt Tamer, Hanne Nur Kuruçay, Seda Gözel, Bahadır Müftoglu, Elif Nur Kökluoğlu, Hamza Kadi, Fatih Dogan, Serdar Yildirim, Semra Gumusova, Zafer Yazici, Manfred Weidmann, Harun Albayrak","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis time of infectious diseases in aquaculture is an important issue, and local and commercial enterprises generally do not prefer laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases due to the long lead time and cost. This leads to the under-reporting of outbreaks in aquaculture farms and the recognition of infectious agents when they spread to many farm systems and cause significant economic loss. In this study, we aim to develop a fast and simple diagnostic test that can easily be applied under field conditions against Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV Ie), which are two crucial viral pathogens that cause significant problems in trout farming in Türkiye, both in hatcheries and farms. For this reason, we developed a lateral flow test strip for the duplex diagnosis of VHSV Ie and IPNV sp. based on Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), one of the molecular tests developed in recent years. We also compared Quantitative RT-PCR (q RT-PCR), Quantitative RT-RPA (rtRT-RPA) and lateral flow RT-RPA (lfRT-RPA) methods, which optimise both singleplex and duplex. As a result of this stage, the minimum detection limits of both rtRT-PCR, rtRT-RPA, and lfRT-RPA methods were determined. The lfRT-RPA test is almost as sensitive as rtRT-PCR and rtRT-RPA for the detection of duplex VHSV Ie, but for the detection of the IPNV sp., the lfRT-RPA test was found to be approximately 10-fold less sensitive than rtRT-PCR and rtRT-RPA. It is thought that the duplex lateral flow detection kit will allow timely diagnosis in the field for detecting infectious diseases of other aquaculture farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterisation of Serotype III in Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) From Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).","authors":"Jin-Young Kim, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Su-Mi Shin, Taeho Kim, Se Ryun Kwon, Sung-Ju Jung","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida, syn. Philasterides dicentrarchi) is a significant pathogen causing scuticociliatosis in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Korea and Japan. In this study, the BB19 strain, isolated from olive flounder, was identified as M. avidus through phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequences and classified as cox1 genotype IV. Serotype-specific PCR confirmed BB19 as serotype III. Agglutination assay and indirect ELISA also showed that BB19 exclusively reacted with anti-serotype III (Mie0301 and BB19) sera, with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes, making this the first report of this serotype in Korea. Western blot analyses revealed a unique 34 kDa protein in serotype III, distinguishing it from the 30 and 38 kDa proteins of other serotypes. These results suggest that serotype III has distinct antigenic properties, indicating that vaccines based on serotypes I and II may not offer cross-protection. Virulence tests showed that BB19 caused 65% cumulative mortality in olive flounder at a concentration of 1 × 10⁵ cells/fish, a level similar to that of other serotypes. The high virulence of BB19 highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of emerging serotypes and development of effective preventive measures against M. avidus to support the aquaculture industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144731601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saprolegnia parasitica S1 and S2 Strains Differ in Zoospore Transition Timing and Pathogenicity Against Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).","authors":"James Duston, Nasif Sarowar, Tyler Schmidt-Schaun, Tessema Astatkie","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S1 and S2 strains of S. parasitica are both common among diseased farmed salmonids in Nova Scotia, whereas globally S1 is rare and S2 is common. Following the initiation of asexual maturation and overnight incubation at 20°C then harvest, and incubation at 10°C in vitro, S2 secondary zoospores mostly transformed into cysts within 3 h, and by 6 h post-harvest > 80% had germinated. S1 zoospores, by contrast, exhibited persistent motility; at > 30 h post-harvest > 80% were in the motile stage, and < 10% were either cysts or germlings. The disease challenge test began with skin disruption by shaking pairs of fish in a net for 15 s, then stocking six fish in up to 12 aquaria (27 L water), addition of 400 zoospores/ml, held in static water for 11 h, then 10°C flow-through. Through smolting (January-June) at 10°C, S1 was consistently more virulent than S2 (p = 0.005), with gross disease signs evident among 50% of test fish in 40 h for S1 versus 72 h for S2. Susceptibility to disease was independent of smolt status (p = 0.512). Secondary motile zoospores, cysts, or germling stages of both strains all caused disease, but S2 germlings were the least pathogenic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Anthelmintic Effect of Selected Agents Against Microcotyle sebastis and Microcotyle caudata, the Gill Monogenean Parasites of Rockfish, Sebastes spp.","authors":"U-Hwa Nam, Han-Seul Cho, Jeong-Ho Kim","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The in vitro efficacy of various anthelminthic agents was investigated against adults and eggs of the Microcotyle sebastis and M. caudata. Praziquantel (PZQ), ivermectin (IVM), trichlorfon (TCF), fenbendazole (FNBZ), febantel (FBT), flubendazole (FLBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ), formalin, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were selected as test agents. The hatching rate of M. sebastis and M. caudata eggs was significantly reduced by formalin (200, 300 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide (50-200 mg/L) and NaOCl (75-200 mg/L) treatment. However, seven anthelminthic agents, including PZQ, did not effectively inhibit the hatching of eggs. 50-200 mg/L NaOCl treatment significantly killed M. sebastis and M. caudata adults. In particular, IVM 200 mg/L for 30 min treatment showed 100% killing activity against M. sebastis adults and 80% killing activity against M. caudata adults. However, PZQ, TCF, FNBZ, FBT, FLBZ and TBZ treatments showed mortalities of less than 33%. When anthelmintics were directly applied to adult worms attached to the gills in vitro, PZQ 200 mg/L for 30 min treatment induced detachment of M. sebastis (99.2%) and M. caudata (100%) from the gills. However, most of the worms recovered after the treatment. IVM 200 mg/L induced detachment of more than 83% of M. sebastis and M. caudata on the gills and, consequently, death of the detached worms. All the other agents induced negligible effects on the adult worms attached to the gills. This result suggests that NaOCl and IVM bath treatments effectively control M. sebastis and M. caudata in sebastid species aquaculture, and formalin, hydrogen peroxide and NaOCl are effective against eggs. An in vivo study will be necessary to evaluate their anthelmintic effects on aquaculture farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Sensitive Real-Time PCR Method for Detection of Carp Oedema Virus.","authors":"Huilin He, Ruixue Feng, Siyi Guo, Bing Han, Jinshan Huang, Xu Lin, Jiyuan Yin, Defeng Zhang, Min Liu, Wen Shi","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carp oedema virus disease (CEVD), caused by the carp oedema virus (CEV), results in significant economic losses to the common carp and koi aquaculture industry. The CEVD symptoms resemble those of koi herpesvirus (KHV) and include lethargy, swollen gills, sunken eyes, and skin haemorrhages. Consequently, the development of efficient detection methods is imperative for the prevention and diagnosis of CEVD. In this study, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the sensitive detection of CEV infection. Specific primers were designed based on a highly conserved region within the CEV p4a gene. The assay exhibited a sensitivity that was 100-fold greater than that of the conventional PCR technique, with high specificity, and no observed cross-reactivity with infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), salmonid alphavirus (SAV), or KHV. Inter- and intra-assay experiments also confirmed the method's high repeatability. In a clinical setting, it showed higher sensitivity compared to the diagnostic methods for CEVD developed by the Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), while also significantly reducing detection costs. Consequently, the established assay could provide robust technical support for the clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of CEVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance for Nile Tilapia Pathogens in Lake Victoria, Kenya.","authors":"Eric M Teplitz, Venny M Mwainge, Teresia N Wacira, Caleb Ogwai, Meshack J Mayianda, Linnet Ochieng, Ekta Patel, Rodman G Getchell, Christopher M Aura, Kathryn J Fiorella","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cage aquaculture industry in Lake Victoria, Kenya is growing explosively to meet increasing demand for fish, yet large-scale fish mortalities are prevalent and pose economic shocks with catastrophic livelihood impacts. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of fish health in Lake Victoria, our study applied: (1) survey of cage farmer accounts, perceptions and responses to fish kill events; (2) rapid-response investigation to a significant tilapia mortality event; (3) active disease surveillance; and (4) antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing of bacterial pathogens via disk diffusion. There were 82 fish kills recalled from 2020 to 2023 with total mortalities exceeding 1.8 million tilapia; yet, only 39% of farmers reported to Kenyan institutions and 17% of farmers attempted medical treatment. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and the isolation of Aeromonas jandaei, Enterobacter hormaechei and Staphylococcus epidermidis were implicated as suspected causes for a recent tilapia mortality event. Active disease surveillance detected trichodinids and monogeneans as common external parasites and identified an additional six bacterial species in tilapia (Acinetobacter soli, Bacillus cereus, Kocuria rhizophila, Micrococcus luteus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Staphylococcus sciuri) previously published as fish pathogens. Furthermore, we identify AMR patterns that will support the development of host- and pathogen-specific thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Assessment of Cannabidiol From Cannabis sativa as an Antiviral Agent Against Key Shrimp Pathogens in Aquaculture.","authors":"Shoba Gunasekaran, Atchuthan Purushothaman, K Anju","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shrimp aquaculture plays a crucial role in global food production but is increasingly threatened by viral and microsporidian pathogens such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV). Conventional reliance on antibiotics to combat these infections has raised serious concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance, environmental contamination and food safety. Additionally, environmental stressors such as salinity shifts and poor water quality exacerbate disease outbreaks, leading to severe production losses across Asia and Latin America. To explore eco-friendly therapeutic alternatives, this study assessed the antiviral potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a bioactive compound extracted from Cannabis sativa seed oil, identified through GC-MS analysis. Using molecular docking techniques, we evaluated CBD's interactions with key viral proteins: VP28 of WSSV, the tubulin β-chain of EHP and the capsid protein of IHHNV. The docking results revealed strong binding affinities of -6.61 kcal/mol (EHP), -6.72 kcal/mol (IHHNV) and -5.38 kcal/mol (WSSV), indicating stable and potentially inhibitory interactions. Structural models were retrieved from RCSB PDB and SwissModel, while ligand preparation and docking were performed using AutoDock 4.2. CBD also demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, with predictions indicating no mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity, and acceptable drug-likeness characteristics. Compared to other plant-derived compounds previously tested in shrimp disease models, CBD exhibited superior binding stability, more interaction residues and better bioavailability scores. These findings highlight CBD as a promising dual-function agent, capable of both modulating shrimp immunity and directly inhibiting key viral pathogens. These findings highlight cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising dual-action compound, with the potential to both enhance shrimp immune responses and exert direct antiviral effects against key pathogens. This study lays a robust groundwork for future in vivo validations, formulation strategies and regulatory frameworks, ultimately supporting the development of sustainable, precision-based aquaculture health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodophor Reduces Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum Prevalence During Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Spawning.","authors":"Justine Nelson, Rebekah McCann, Cristina Dahl, Keta Oettinger, Sara Dziki, Ryan Katona, Corey Puzach, Eric Leis, Brandon Keesler, Carey Edwards, Kenneth Phillips, Isaac Standish","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the effects of iodophor disinfection on the prevalence of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum during several years of spawning brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). The first year of the study, individual eggs were collected from females and separated into four treatment groups: unfertilised, unfertilised and disinfected, fertilised and fertilised and disinfected. Disinfection consisted of iodophor treatment at 100 ppm for 60 min. All eggs were incubated in TSB and monitored for bacterial growth. No growth was observed from disinfected eggs. However, from non-disinfected eggs, C. maltaromaticum was isolated from the surface of 25% of individual unfertilised and 53% of fertilised eggs. V. salmoninarum was only isolated from non-disinfected fertilised eggs. In year two, the process was repeated, though all eggs were fertilised and iodophor disinfected at 100 ppm for 30 min. Again, the pathogens were present on only a small number of disinfected eggs-V. salmoninarum and C. maltaromaticum were detected from the surface of one and five eggs respectively. Throughout the study we found no evidence of intra-ova transmission from disinfected eggs. The study also demonstrates that iodophor is highly efficacious in reducing the prevalence and transmission risk of these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e70023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}