Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Sara Shokrpoor, Amin Marandi
{"title":"Follicular Cell Hyperplasia (Goitre), Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Thyroid Gland in Fourlined Terapon (Pelates quadrilineatus): Clinical and Histopathological Study: 2022–2023","authors":"Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Sara Shokrpoor, Amin Marandi","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thyroid disorders can manifest in several forms, including follicular cell hyperplasia (goitre), follicular cell adenoma and follicular cell carcinoma. Following the detection of large and gradually increasing tumour-like masses in the gular region of wild fourlined terapons (<i>Pelates quadrilineatus</i>) housed in various tanks in a public aquarium in June 2022, September 2022 and October 2023, several fish displaying clinical signs were transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. Upon clinical inspection, the fish had prominent tumour-like masses in the gular area, located beneath the operculum. Upon histological examination of the first series, the masses revealed thyroid well-differentiated hyperplastic follicles that contained colloid and were lined by cuboidal epithelial cells. There were no signs of cellular atypia or mitotic figures. The study of the second series also revealed the existence of cellular atypia, but still no mitotic figures. In the examination of the third series, apart from the earlier lesions, there was evidence of neoplastic cell invasion into adjacent structures such as the adipose tissue and subepithelial layer. In addition, there was moderate cellular pleomorphism and a limited number of mitotic figures. Although the termination of water ozonation and the addition of potassium iodide to the feed were effective in treating thyroid hyperplasia, the treatment for thyroid neoplasia was not successful. The present study provides the evidence of clinical and histopathological findings of follicular cell hyperplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland in fourlined terapon.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shlomi Zrihan, Peleg Itay, Yael Kroin, Nadav Davidovich, Natascha Wosnick, Dan Tchernov, Xiu Pei Koh, Stanley C. K. Lau, Danny Morick
{"title":"Monitoring Fish Bacterial Pathogens of Wild Fish Species From the South China Sea by Applying Next-Generation Sequencing on Gill Tissue","authors":"Shlomi Zrihan, Peleg Itay, Yael Kroin, Nadav Davidovich, Natascha Wosnick, Dan Tchernov, Xiu Pei Koh, Stanley C. K. Lau, Danny Morick","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The classic epidemiological triangle model of host—environment—pathogen is recently being reshaped into a tetrahedron, with the growing understanding of the importance of the microbiome in this array. The gills, being a gateway into the fish body, bearing an important role in fish homeostasis, host a complex microbiome that reflects the ambient water, while also showing resemblance to gut microbiome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and improvements in data analysis tools enable researchers to gather and analyse a lot more data than ever before, take a closer, more detailed look at microbiota, and gain a much better understanding of the biological processes at work in these complex relations. Here, 16S rRNA amplicons of bacterial DNA extracted from the gills of 36 asymptomatic specimens of three wild fish species from the South China Sea (<i>Nemipterus japonicus</i>, <i>Alepes djebaba,</i> and <i>Saurida tumbil</i>) were sequenced using NGS. Data analyses revealed the presence of 20 potentially pathogenic species, including several zoonotic agents. Gill microbiota exhibited host species-specificity, and expressed a significant difference between demersal and pelagic-amphidromous fish. It is suggested that this method be more widely implemented, in order to gain more insight on ocean ecosystems’ health status, as well as fish stocks of commercial importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Three Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for the Rapid Visual Detection of Spiroplasma eriocheiris","authors":"Yunji Xiu, Ruixin Feng, Zongrui Yang, Lirong Jiang, Yiping Lin, Qingyue Xu, Dong Zheng, Shun Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Spiroplasma eriocheiris</i> is a pathogen in the Chinese mitten crab <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> and is associated with tremor disease. <i>S. eriocheiris</i> infects virtually all artificially bred crustaceans, resulting in significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry in China. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is considered a promising technology for the rapid and sensitive detection of disease. For the rapid detection of <i>S. eriocheiris</i>, this study established basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD, which were visualised via agarose gel electrophoresis, SYBR Green I, fluorescence signals and test lines on lateral flow dipsticks. Specific primers and probes were designed based on the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of <i>S. eriocheiris</i>. The optimal primer pairs for the basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were RPA-F3/R3, RPA-F3/R3 and RPA-LFD-F3/R3, respectively. The optimal temperatures and times of basic RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were 37°C for 25 min, 39°C for 30 min and 39°C for 10 min, respectively. The specificity test indicated that in addition to the positive test results for <i>S. eriocheiris</i>, the other five DNA templates tested negative, demonstrating strong specificity. The results of the sensitivity test revealed that the detection limits of RPA, RPA-EXO and RPA-LFD were 5.77 × 10<sup>−2</sup>, 5.77 × 10<sup>−4</sup> and 1.52 × 10<sup>−6</sup> ng/μL, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. This study established three methods for the detection of <i>S. eriocheiris</i> that are characterised by a constant temperature, rapid response, high sensitivity and strong specificity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Domínguez-Castanedo, Jorge Gaspar-Navarro, J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
{"title":"Does the Infestation by Trematode Parasites Influence Trade-Offs Between Somatic Condition and Male Reproductive Traits in a Viviparous Fish?","authors":"Omar Domínguez-Castanedo, Jorge Gaspar-Navarro, J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Life history theory predicts that a trade-off may occur when an increased investment in one fitness component causes a reduced investment in another. Parasites generate changes in the optimal life history traits of organisms, causing compromises for their hosts. The objective of this research was to determine whether trematodes <i>Clinostomum</i> sp. and <i>Uvulifer</i> sp. inflict measurable damage on the males of the viviparous fish <i>Poeciliopsis infans</i>, generating trade-offs between somatic condition and reproductive traits (gonad mass and gonopodium length). We found (i) a negative relationship of large encysted metacercariae and non-encysted metacercariae on somatic condition. Interestingly, individuals with a higher parasite load had a worse body condition, but bigger gonads and longer gonopodium; and, (ii) a bond between small encysted metacercariae and non-encysted metacercariae with smaller gonopodia, only in fish with poorer somatic condition. The strongest correlation was given by the non-encysted metacercariae, probably due to mechanical damage during migration through the body cavity. We did not find any trade-off effects of <i>Uvulifer</i> sp. We consider that the statistical effects found on somatic condition can be attributed to a greater reproductive investment, generating energetic costs that compromise their defences against infection, allowing a greater parasite load.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Peña, Marco Rozas-Serri, Ian A. Gardner, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Carla Anguita, Carlos Navarro Jerez, Fernando O. Mardones
{"title":"Inter-Laboratory Comparison of qPCR Assays for Piscirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in 11 Chilean Laboratories","authors":"Andrea Peña, Marco Rozas-Serri, Ian A. Gardner, Benjamin Diethelm-Varela, Carla Anguita, Carlos Navarro Jerez, Fernando O. Mardones","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Real-time PCR (qPCR) testing is an essential component of early detection surveillance systems for <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> infection in Atlantic salmon farms in Chile. Currently, all 11 laboratories in the authorised diagnostic laboratory network use assays based on published protocols. Compared with other <i>P. salmonis</i> qPCR assays, these assays have the advantage of targeting two different genes, that is, the 16S ribosomal gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), potentially allowing for higher diagnostic accuracy. However, variation and lack of harmonisation of qPCR testing systems (e.g., primers/probe, RNA/DNA as target, extraction methods, etc.) may contribute to among-laboratory variation in qPCR results and an increased frequency of false-negative and false-positive results. The purpose of the ring trial reported herein was to compare qPCR results from 11 laboratories in Chile routinely testing Atlantic salmon for <i>P. salmonis</i> as part of a national control program. The panel of 14 samples included duplicates of three concentrations of <i>P. salmonis</i> in a homogenised head kidney, LF89 and EM90 bacteria and two negative controls (blank and a suspension of <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i>). The sample order was randomised across labs, samples were tested blinded and analysed without knowledge of the source lab. Of the laboratories, 8 (72.7%) had at least one incorrect result out of 14 tested samples. Low-concentration samples (<i>C</i><sub>t</sub> of about 30) were more often incorrectly classified by reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) (3/6 labs) than by qPCR (0/5). Six (54.5%) labs had at least one false-positive result indicating that cross-contamination was likely during sample processing. Affected laboratories are advised to conduct internal investigations to confirm the causes of false-positive results and recommendations for design and implementation of future ring trials are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amandine Sabadel, Melanie Gay, Henry S. Lane, Odile Bourgau, Sarah J. Bury, Josette Delgado, Maureen Duflot
{"title":"Just Hitching a Ride: Stable Isotopes Reveal Non-Feeding Behaviour of Anisakis simplex Within Its Host Fish","authors":"Amandine Sabadel, Melanie Gay, Henry S. Lane, Odile Bourgau, Sarah J. Bury, Josette Delgado, Maureen Duflot","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Anisakis simplex</i> larvae, commonly found in marine fish, cause anisakiasis in humans, resulting in gastric to gastro-allergic symptoms. Despite known health risks, the impact of Anisakidae larvae on fish hosts is less understood. This study aimed to investigate this interaction by assessing the feeding strategy of <i>A. simplex</i>. <i>Anisakis</i> larvae were isolated from North Sea <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> tissues (stomach, body cavity, liver and muscle) and were analysed for carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values. Significant differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C values were found among host tissues, with the liver differing from muscle and stomach tissues. In contrast, no differences were noted for the associated parasites. Additionally, δ<sup>15</sup>N values indicated that the host occupied a significantly higher relative trophic position than its parasite. This suggests a lack of direct nutrient transfer from host to parasite, as the parasite would typically exhibit higher stable isotope values than the tissue they feed on. Therefore, <i>A. simplex</i>'s stable isotope values might reflect those of its previous host (crustacean and/or small fish), providing insights into diet and movement of the paratenic <i>M. merluccius</i> host. Further research is needed to confirm these findings across different fish species and to explore <i>A. simplex</i> as a proxy for trophic ecology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chara Kourkouta, Andreas Tsipourlianos, Nikos Papandroulakis, Katerina A. Moutou, George Koumoundouros
{"title":"Ray-Resorption Syndrome in European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"Chara Kourkouta, Andreas Tsipourlianos, Nikos Papandroulakis, Katerina A. Moutou, George Koumoundouros","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fin abnormalities are common in reared fish. They mainly consist of partial to complete lack of rays and severe abnormalities of fin-supporting skeletal elements, which develop during the larval stage, up to the completion of fin skeleton ontogeny. This study reports a new abnormal condition, ray-resorption syndrome (RSS), which developed after the completion of fin ontogeny in initially normal European seabass larvae, leading to extensive loss of fin rays. At 49 days post-fertilisation (dpf) (15 mm standard length, SL) all fish presented normal fins. However, nineteen days later (21 mm SL), significant fin damage, characterised by ray loss or fractures, was observed in all studied populations. The dorsal fin was most affected (55%–84%), followed by the pelvic (27%–53%) and anal fins (7%–17%). Microscopically, multiple non-mineralised areas resembling resorption lacunae were evident along all fin lepidotrichia. By 98 dpf (40 mm SL), the fin-ray loss had advanced, reaching its higher frequency in the dorsal (74%–83%) and caudal fins (71%–94%). Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of <i>bglap</i> (osteoblast maturation marker), <i>acp5a</i> (osteoclast maturation marker) and <i>mmp13a</i> (extracellular-matrix remodelling marker) in RSS specimens. The results are discussed in respect of the possible causative factors of RSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Wilson, Mark Green, Vivianne Dunn, David Cummins, Matthew Neave
{"title":"Characterisation of a Mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida and the Development of a PCR to Differentiate Atypical and Typical Strains","authors":"Teresa Wilson, Mark Green, Vivianne Dunn, David Cummins, Matthew Neave","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study describes the identification and characterisation of a new mesophilic <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> strain, named HMes1 isolated from Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.) in Tasmania. Isolates were identified as <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> through phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic characterisation. After characterisation, the diagnostic phenotypic identification system MicroSys A24 was updated and a new multiplex conventional PCR was developed to enable rapid and inexpensive identification of atypical <i>A</i>. <i>salmonicida</i>, and exclusion of the exotic strain, <i>A</i>. <i>salmonicida</i> ssp. <i>salmonicida</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares, Giorgi Dal Pont, Paula Valeska Stica, Ubiratan de Assis Teixeira da Silva, Gisela Geraldine Castilho Westphal, Eric J Schott, Antonio Ostrensky
{"title":"Pathogenicity of CsRV2 and CdPBV1 in Callinectes danae: An Imminent Concern for Crab Production in Brazil.","authors":"Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares, Giorgi Dal Pont, Paula Valeska Stica, Ubiratan de Assis Teixeira da Silva, Gisela Geraldine Castilho Westphal, Eric J Schott, Antonio Ostrensky","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the pathogenicity of viral infections in aquatic organisms is vital due to their substantial impact on aquaculture and wild populations. This study assessed the pathogenicity of Callinectes sapidus Reovirus 2 in Callinectes danae and its effects on the metabolic, immunological and behavioural parameters. CsRV2-negative specimens were divided into CsRV2 inoculum (n = 10) and saline injection (n = 15). After 14 days, all the crabs that received the inoculum tested positive for CsRV2. However, 11 crabs from the control group also tested positive and were subsequently considered an additional experimental group. The cumulative mortality in the group challenged reached 70% after 14 days. RT-PCR revealed Callinectes danae Portunibunyavirus 1 presence in CsRV2-injected crabs, explaining heightened mortality. Ammonia flow remained unaffected, but oxygen consumption was significantly impacted (p < 0.05) by CsRV2 and coinfection, suggesting increased metabolic energy expenditure. The coinfection caused an increase in the proportion of crabs with reflex impairment as a likely consequence of physiological exhaustion. Additionally, there was a trend toward reducing the number of granulocytes in coinfected crabs, indicating that granulocytes may be more affected by coinfection. These findings demonstrate the pathogenicity of CsRV2 in C. danae, with coinfection exacerbating metabolic, behavioural and immunological changes, increasing mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lincoln L. Corrêa, Marcos Tavares-Dias, Sarah Arana, Edson A. Adriano
{"title":"Host-Parasite Interaction Between the Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis and Fish Hoplias malabaricus From the Natural Environment in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Lincoln L. Corrêa, Marcos Tavares-Dias, Sarah Arana, Edson A. Adriano","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Histopathological studies of parasitic infections in fish from the natural environment of Brazilian Amazon, are quite scarce. In this study, we investigated the histopathological changes of the proximal intestine of specimens of the Amazonian fish <i>Hoplias malabaricus</i> infected by the hematophagous nematode <i>Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis</i>. The prevalence of the infection was 60%, with an average abundance of 1.46 and an average intensity of 2.43 parasites/fish. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of infection and fish size or sex, but larger fish showed greater infection intensity, which was also significantly higher in male hosts. Histological sections of the proximal intestine showed reduction and loss of the epithelial lining, exposure of the lamina propria where the nematode interacts with the intestine wall, through the insertion of the buccal capsule and fish cellular debris in the intestinal lumen. In addition, areas with bleeding and inflammatory infiltrate were observed, but no changes or presence of parasite structures were observed in the other tunics of the intestinal wall.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}