{"title":"Emotions in Context","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"In the Rhetoric, Aristotle considers emotions in two different contexts: as motives for wrongdoing in book I, and as influences on judgement in book II. In the long chapter on pleasure in book I, he adopts a Platonic framework, treating pleasure as the fulfilment of a painful lack. In book II, he describes emotions as caused by impressions (φαντασίαι) of either good or bad things, suggesting a theory that would classify them as either pleasures or pains. The Stoics developed a theory of emotion along these lines, with the difference of insisting that impressions that lead to emotions are always mistaken.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129600758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Necessity with Gaps","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In chapter A 13 of the Prior Analytics, Aristotle describes statements about what happens for the most part or by nature as contingency statements. He explains that in those cases the necessity has gaps, because natural processes may be interrupted. A few lines later he claims that there may be demonstrative knowledge of such cases, unlike mere coincidences. This clearly conflicts with his claim in the Posterior Analytics that only necessary truths can be known in the strict sense and that the premises of demonstrations must also be necessary. The apparent contradiction could be avoided if statements about natural events were understood as conditionals with an antecedent of the form ‘there is no obstacle’. But the limited syntax of Aristotle’s syllogistic did not allow him to see those statements as anything but contingently true.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127005837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ‘Analysis’ of Aristotle’s Analytics","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"‘Analytica’ is one of the few titles in Aristotle’s works that the author himself used. It is not clear what kind of analysis Aristotle had in mind, but it is usually thought that the title refers to the section at the end of Prior Analytics I (chapters 32–46) where he discusses ways of putting ordinary language arguments into the form of syllogistic moods. However, that section consists mainly in the discussion of recalcitrant examples and is not very successful. It may be more plausible to think that the title refers to the analysis of propositions into terms and their quantitative relations that replaced the classification of propositions according to the ‘predicables’ in the Topics.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125223375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental Health and Moral Health","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the Stoic conception of moral guidance or education as a kind of psychotherapy, exemplified by the moral progress of Seneca’s friend Lucilius as described in the Epistulae Morales. The Stoic project of moral reform goes beyond the more modest aims of modern psychotherapy, but it can be quite plausibly described as requiring the assistance of others—friends or teachers—much as the recovery from illness requires the assistance of a doctor.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117202028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aristotle on Syllogisms ‘from a Hypothesis’","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"In chapters 23 and 44 of Prior Analytics I, Aristotle discusses arguments ‘from a hypothesis’ and claims that these include the reductio-arguments. His descriptions in both chapters show that what direct and indirect arguments of this group have in common is that the ‘hypothesis’ is not a part of the argument, but either an agreement to the effect that a certain proposition will be accepted as proven if another proposition has been proven, or—in cases of reductio ad impossibile—a logical principle for which no explicit agreement is needed.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"18 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117262364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perfection and Reduction in Aristotle’s Prior Analytics","authors":"Gisela Striker","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868385.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that perfecting a syllogistic mood is not the same as reducing it to another mood. To perfect a mood is to make its validity evident, which may or may not be done by reducing it to a perfect one; reduction works between moods of all figures, perfect or not. The epistemic priority of the first-figure moods led some later Peripatetics to claim that the imperfect moods owed their validity to the perfect ones and would not be valid without them. Boethus of Sidon (first century BC) refuted them by arguing that all the valid moods are perfect, at least in some cases appealing to the terminology of parts and wholes that Aristotle himself uses at the beginning of chapter 4 of Prior Analytics I when introducing the moods of the first figure.","PeriodicalId":158069,"journal":{"name":"From Aristotle to Cicero","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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