{"title":"Spectrofluorophotometric Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Biomarkers, Enzyme Kinetics and Trace Metals: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Amol Warokar, Bhagyashree Dahake, Purushottam Gangane, Swapnil Samrit","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04241-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04241-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spectrofluorophotometry is a highly sensitive and selective analytical technique widely employed in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental sciences. This review provides a comprehensive application for detecting and quantifying phytoconstituents, biomarkers, enzyme kinetics, and trace metals. This technique offers detection of analyte in the femtomolar (fM) range. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols were analyzed with high precision and accuracy, and the reported analytical method can be adopted for quality control analysis. Spectrofluorophotometry has been utilized to estimate biomarkers, which plays a critical role in disease diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. It also facilitates the monitoring of enzyme kinetics, offering insights into metabolic processes and drug development. Additionally, its ability to detect trace metals through chelation and fluorescence quenching mechanisms proves vital for environmental and toxicological analysis. Despite challenges such as fluorescence quenching and environmental susceptibility, advancements in miniaturization, automation, and hybrid analytical techniques continue to enhance their capabilities. This review underscores the transformative impact of spectrofluorophotometry and its expanding role in modern analytical sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Molecular Weight of Fluorescent Dyes on DNA Separation by Capillary Electrophoresis.","authors":"Yuqing Xu, Xin Chen, Shuaiqiang Fan, Ting Zhang, Bo Yang, Zhenqing Li, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04239-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04239-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capillary electrophoresis (CE) plays an important role in the quality control of dsDNA. So far, there has been various fluorescent dyes employed for the separation of dsDNA by CE. However, the molecular weight of the dyes may affect the mass to charge ratio of dsDNA-dye complex, consequently the separation performance of dsDNA will be changed. Herein, we systematically compared the fluorescent intensity and migration times when separating the dsDNA fragments labeled or intercalated by different dyes. Results showed that the concentration of SYBR Green I affected the migration times more than Gel Green and EvaGreen, which may be caused by the lower molecular weight of EvaGreen. The optimal concentration for SYBR Green I and Gel Green is 1×, and it is 0.005× for EvaGreen. There is linear relationship between dsDNA concentration (0.1-0.5 ng/µL) and fluorescence intensity when using SYBR Green I or Gel Green for separation. Finally, we have resolved the фX174-Hinc II digest in 0.5% HEC (1300k) containing 1× SYBR within 12 min, even though there is only 6 bp difference for the adjacent dsDNA fragments. Furthermore, we also obtained the virtual dsDNA bands by OpenCV according to the electropherogram.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duraisamy Udhayakumari, Dhayanithi Duraisamy, A Nanthakumar
{"title":"PET Coordination Mechanism for the Detecting of Environmental Toxic Analytes: Current Approaches and Future Directions.","authors":"Duraisamy Udhayakumari, Dhayanithi Duraisamy, A Nanthakumar","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04237-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04237-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence-based photoinduced electron transfer (PET) has garnered significant attention in the molecular recognition field in recent years because of its unique and desirable photophysical properties. Recent advancements in PET-based chemosensors have demonstrated their potential for real-time monitoring of pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and organic contaminants in various environmental matrices. This review emphasizes the recent advancements in fluorogenic and chromogenic PET-based chemosensors based on Anthracene, Imidazole, Indole, Pyrrole, Thiazole, Naphthalene, Quinoline, Calix[4]arene, Fluorescein, Quantum Dots, Schiff base compounds and also focusing on their molecular design, sensing mechanisms, and photophysical properties reported from the year 2011 to 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Zhang, Ruonan Xie, Weiguang Zhao, Tiegang Ren, Qilin Wang, Weihan Wang
{"title":"Coumarin-Based Arylpyrazolines: Highly Selective Cu<sup>2+</sup> Fluorescent Probes and their AIEE and MFC Properties.","authors":"Lin Zhang, Ruonan Xie, Weiguang Zhao, Tiegang Ren, Qilin Wang, Weihan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04245-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04245-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three novel coumarin-based arylpyrazolines were successfully designed and synthesized. Among them, probe B<sub>3</sub> demonstrated excellent detection capabilities for Cu<sup>2+</sup>. According to the fluorescence titration and Job's plot, B<sub>3</sub> could form a complex with Cu<sup>2+</sup> in a 2∶1 ratio, the detection limit was 1.71 × 10<sup> - 8</sup> mol·L<sup>- 1</sup>, and the combining constant was 2.30 × 10<sup>5</sup> L·mol<sup>- 1</sup>. B<sub>3</sub> exhibited outstanding selectivity, high sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability towards Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Meanwhile, this series of compounds exhibited remarkable optical properties and a large Stokes shift. Compound B<sub>3</sub> exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) property in tetrahydrofuran/cyclohexane (THF/CYH) system. Interestingly, B<sub>1</sub>-B<sub>3</sub> displayed reversible mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behavior under external force.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Wang, Qian Wang, Yana Tao, Yuan Ji, Min Fang, Cun Li, Weiju Zhu
{"title":"A New Fluorescent Probe based on Carbazole-Benzopyranyl for the Recognition of ONOO<sup>-</sup> and its Application.","authors":"Peng Wang, Qian Wang, Yana Tao, Yuan Ji, Min Fang, Cun Li, Weiju Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04255-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04255-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we successfully synthesized a colorimetric and photoluminescent fluorescent probe CBB by introducing benzopyran malononitrile at the 3-position of N-butylcarbazole and pinacol borate structure at the 6-position of N-butylcarbazole. The probe CBB characterized by a substantial Stokes shift (146 nm) demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity to ONOO<sup>-</sup>. The probe CBB can specifically identify ONOO<sup>-</sup> by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. When ONOO<sup>-</sup> is added to the solution of CBB, the solution's color transitions from orange to colorless in daylight, and from pink to blue under a 365 nm UV lamp, making these can be easily recognized by the naked eye. The recognition mechanism was validated using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, cell imaging experiments demonstrated that CBB effectively captured the fluorescence signals in both the red and blue channels of HeLa cells through fluorescence confocal microscopy, successfully identifying exogenous ONOO<sup>-</sup> within these cells. These results show that the probe CBB possesses strong monitoring capabilities for ONOO<sup>-</sup>, offering new opportunities for research and application in related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor (Dy<sub>1-x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>-BTC) for Detection of Acetaldehyde with High Sensitivity and Selectivity.","authors":"Zitao Yan, Dachuan Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04242-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04242-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of dual-lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs: Dy<sub>1-x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>-BTC) have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method using dysprosium (Dy<sup>3+</sup>) and cerium (Ce<sup>3+</sup>) ions as metal sources and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H<sub>3</sub>BTC) as organic ligand, confirmed by XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra, and then the luminescence property, the application in detecting small organic molecules and structural stability have been discussed. Among the samples, Dy<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>-BTC exhibited two strongest emission peaks located at 485 nm and 578 nm under the excitation at 295 nm, which are attributed to the excited electronic transitions of Dy<sup>3+</sup> from <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> to <sup>6</sup>H<sub>15/2</sub> and <sup>6</sup>H<sub>13/2</sub>. However, Dy<sub>0.8</sub>Ce<sub>0.2</sub>-BTC immersed in the solution of acetaldehyde (AH) demonstrated an obvious luminescence quenching with the calculated quenching constant (K<sub>sv</sub>) and the limit of detection (LOD) as 7.08 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, 5.36 × 10<sup>-7</sup> M and high selectivity among the other tested organic solvents. Meanwhile, it revealed that the MOF could maintain good microstructural and recycle stability in deionized water, indicating a great potential as a turn-off fluorescent sensor for AH detection. Besides, the luminescence quenching mechanism was deduced from competitive absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning the Structures and Photophysical Properties of D1-A-π-D2 Fluorophores by Terminal Donors (D2).","authors":"Dong-En Wu, Qing-Hui Guo, Jia-Han Wu, Xue-Lian Li","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04223-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04223-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to investigate the influence of terminal donors on the structures and photophysical properties of D-A prototype fluorophores, three D1-A-π-D2 fluorophores with different terminal donors (D2) have been synthesized and characterized in this study. Assisted by density functional theory calculations, this study has found that terminal donors (D2) affect the molecular packing modes by modifying the intermolecular interactions. Localized orbital locator function analysis (LOL-π) indicated that increasing the numbers of aromatic rings of terminal donors (D2) would give rise to wider π-electrons delocalization, leading to the red-shifted absorption and emission properties of such compounds. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations indicated that the long absorption peaks of such compounds mainly come from the electron transfers between π-D2 and A (π-D2 → A) moieties. Meanwhile, terminal donors (D2) affect the type and charge amount of excitation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Camellia Oil Adulteration With Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectra and Deep Learning.","authors":"Chaojie Wei, Wei Wang, Yanna Jiao, Seung-Chul Yoon, Xinzhi Ni, Xiaorong Wang, Ziwei Song","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04229-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04229-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camellia oil (CAO), known for its high nutritional and commercial value, has raised increasing concerns about adulteration. Developing an accurate and non-destructive method to identify CAO adulterants is crucial for safeguarding public health and well-being. This study simulates potential real-world adulteration cases by designing representative adulteration scenarios, followed by the acquisition and analysis of corresponding excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectra. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was employed to characterize and explore the variations of fluorophores in the EEMF spectra of different adulterated scenarioss, which showed a linear correlation between the relative concentration of PARAFAC components and adulteration levels. A deep learning model named ResTransformer, which combines residual modules with Transformer, was proposed for both the qualitative detection of adulteration types and the quantitative detection of adulteration concentrations from local and global perspectives. The global ResTransformer qualitative models achieved accuracies of over 96.92% based on EEMF spectra and PARAFAC, and quantitative models showed determination coefficient of validation ([Formula: see text]) > 0.978, root mean square error of validation ([Formula: see text]) < 3.0643%, and the ratio performance deviation (RPD) > 7.6741. Compared to traditional chemometric models, the ResTransformer model demonstrated superior performance. The integration of EEMF and ResTransformer presents a highly promising strategy for rapid and reliable detection of CAO adulteration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pradeep Sahu, Amit Kumar Chaturwedi, Deepika Patel, Sumitra Bai, Nand Kumar Kashyap, Milan Hait, Goutam Kumar Patra
{"title":"Rhodamine Based Chemosensors for Metal ions Detection: An Overview.","authors":"Pradeep Sahu, Amit Kumar Chaturwedi, Deepika Patel, Sumitra Bai, Nand Kumar Kashyap, Milan Hait, Goutam Kumar Patra","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04221-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04221-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, water quality monitoring is crucial due to the health and environmental consequences of water pollution. Recently, various attempts have been made to construct rapid, sensitive, and selective heavy metal ion sensors. Fluorescent sensors are popular owing to their high specificity, sensitivity, and reversibility. Rhodamine derivative-based biosensors are acknowledged as a promising chemical for the synthesis of chemosensors due to their remarkable measurable properties, including responsible absorption rate, electromagnetic emission coefficient, significant fluorescent quantum yield, stability against photoenergy, and extensive wavelength range. The detection of metal ions in various concentrations by rhodamine probes followed multiple mechanisms, one common pathway is opening the spirolactam ring within the rhodamine scaffold which leads to colorimetric and fluorometric signals. Rhodamine itself is less emissive and less colorful when the spirolactam ring is present within the framework and would become strongly emissive with versatile coloring range (red, orange or purple etc.) once the ring is opened. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to employ rhodamine-based chemosensors (RBC) for the detection of diverse metal ions in analytical studies (both in-vivo and in-vitro way). This article therefore discusses the major method and potential strategy for RBC and this review is expected to bring new clues and bright ideas to researchers for further advances in rhodamine-based chemosensors in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Liu, Xiaorui Cao, Tiantian Liu, Yang Zhang, Xiaomeng Jiao, Hongpeng Zhang, Yinjuan Bai
{"title":"Design and Application of Fluorescent Probes Based on Flavonoid Dyes for Cysteine Detection.","authors":"Jing Liu, Xiaorui Cao, Tiantian Liu, Yang Zhang, Xiaomeng Jiao, Hongpeng Zhang, Yinjuan Bai","doi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04226-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04226-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an important reactive sulfur species, cysteine plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's redox homeostasis and regulating protein function. Its content in organisms can serve as signaling molecules to directly or indirectly detect certain diseases. Therefore, based on the Michael addition mechanism, five flavonoid fluorescent probes HFL1-5 were designed and synthesized to detect cysteine. Through specific descriptions of IR,<sup>1</sup>H NMR and HRMS experiments, the recognition mechanism of cysteine by HFL was studied, demonstrating that HFL1-5 could generate flavonol derivatives with strong fluorescence emission through addition-cyclization-removal. The probes were evaluated for large Stokes shift, sensitivity, stability, specificity and cytotoxicity. Finally, the best performing HFL5 was selected for cell imaging experiments and successfully applied to the imaging of endogenous and exogenous cysteine in L929 cells. This study indicates that HFL has great potential for application in detecting cysteine. We hope to provide experimental data support for future structure-activity research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}