Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening based on fecal immunochemical test and risk assessment: a population-based study including two million participants in China.","authors":"Dong Hang, Chen Zhu, Xiaolin Yang, Jinjin He, Huizhang Li, Tingting Pan, Le Wang, Shi Wang, Wei Wu, Jieming Zhong, Weiwei Gong, Meng Zhu, Ci Song, Hongxia Ma, Ni Li, Yanfei Qiu, Guangfu Jin, Zhibin Hu, Lingbin Du, Xiangdong Cheng, Hongbing Shen","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet the practical performance of FIT combined with questionnaire-based risk assessment (QRA) remains undetermined. Moreover, risk factors for distinct CRC precursors identified in screening have been rarely compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on a population-based CRC screening in China, with 2,120,340 participants completing both FIT and QRA. Those with positive FIT or high QRA scores were recommended for colonoscopy. We reported the compliance, detection rate, and colonoscopy workload according to FIT and QRA results. We also explored risk factors for conventional adenomas and serrated polyps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The compliance rate of colonoscopy in the subgroup of FIT (+) and QRA (+) was 41.4%, higher than the rates in FIT (+) and QRA (-), as well as FIT (-) and QRA (+), which were 38.7% (P<0.001) and 16.4% (P<0.001), respectively. The corresponding detection rates of advanced neoplasia were 18.2%, 13.2%, and 9.3% (all P <0.001), respectively. Moreover, the required numbers of colonoscopies to detect one advanced neoplasia in the three subgroups were 5.5, 7.6, and 10.8, respectively. Increased body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, red meat intake, and type 2 diabetes were associated with higher risk of advanced adenomas and advanced serrated polyps, whereas vegetable intake was inversely associated advanced adenomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FIT and QRA can synergistically identify individuals at high risk of colorectal advanced neoplasia, with those testing positive for both deserving immediate attention. Modifiable factors were identified to complement screening for preventing CRC precursors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Familial Financial Insecurity and Obesity Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Fumie Kaneko, Eunji Kim, Hokyou Lee, Kokoro Shirai, Ryo Kawasaki, Hyeon Chang Kim","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240038","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In high-income countries, socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents experience a higher risk of obesity, which may have been further exacerbated during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and familial financial insecurity, utilizing data on subjective household socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived family-level financial deterioration induced by COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents, in 2020 and 2021. The independent and joint associations of two primary exposures, subjective household SES and perceived family-level financial deterioration, with obesity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 106,979 adolescents aged 12-18 years, 16.9% of boys and 9.0% of girls met the criteria for obesity. Notably, 70.5% reported experiencing COVID-19-related financial deterioration. Both subjective household SES and perceived family-level financial deterioration independently and synergistically increased the odds of obesity. A graded association was observed between obesity and lower SES and more severe financial deterioration, particularly among girls. Younger adolescents were more sensitive to household SES, whereas older adolescents were more sensitive to financial deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique social context, our findings highlight that financially insecure adolescents were at an increased risk of obesity during the early phase of the pandemic. This underscores the need for obesity-prevention strategies in times of macroeconomic recession to address not only the persistent influence of household SES but also the direct and indirect effects of family-level financial deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"587-594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Strategies and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam.","authors":"Truong Son Nguyen","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240181","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"605-608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between COVID-19-related Discrimination and Probable Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Patients With COVID-19 in Sapporo, Japan.","authors":"Isaku Kurotori, Toshiaki R Asakura, Takashi Kimura, Miyuki Hori, Mariko Hosozawa, Masayuki Saijo, Hiroyasu Iso, Akiko Tamakoshi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230360","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disasters such as earthquakes, terrorism, and pandemics have triggered post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discrimination against the affected individuals has been linked to the development of PTSD. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association between discrimination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and probable PTSD in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing a web-based questionnaire targeting individuals who had contracted the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Sapporo City. A total of 4,247 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection spanning from February 2020 to February 2022 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 15.9%). Probable PTSD was measured using the three-item Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The stratified exact logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of probable PTSD for COVID-19-related discrimination with adjusted factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3,626 patients who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 321 patients (8.9%) experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 19.6% (63/321) among the patients who experienced COVID-19-related discrimination, and 4.6% (152/3,305) among those who had not encountered such discrimination. The adjusted OR of COVID-19-related discrimination for probable PTSD was 4.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.36-6.53). The population attributable fraction of probable PTSD attributable to COVID-19-related discrimination among COVID-19 patients was estimated to be 23.4% (95% CI, 21.5-25.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comprehensive epidemiological survey of COVID-19 patients in Japan showed that COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with a higher prevalence of probable PTSD. Mitigating discrimination could be helpful to attenuate PTSD in future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"570-576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Event Approximation Between Subdistribution Hazard Ratio and Cause-specific Hazard Ratio in Survival Analysis With Competing Risks.","authors":"Shiro Tanaka","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240063","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the fact that competing risks are inevitable in epidemiological and clinical studies, distinctions between the hazard ratio estimated by handling competing risks as censoring and the subditribution hazard ratio are often overlooked.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived quantitative relationships between subdistribution hazard ratio and cause-specific hazard ratio and derive an approximate calculation method to transform the two into each other. Numerical examinations of hypothetical six scenarios and published information of a randomized clinical trial of cholesterol-lowering therapy and a registry of acute myeloid leukemia were provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>General and approximate relationships under rare event assumptions between the two types of hazard ratio were given. The approximation formula is based on a survival ratio and has two possible applications. First, one can calculate a subdistribution hazard ratio from published information. Second, this formula allows sample size estimation that takes the presence of competing risks into account.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distinction between the two types of hazard ratio can be addressed by focusing on two quantities. One is how the event of interest and competing risk is rare, and the other is the survival ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"595-599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal Involvement in Childcare and Housework and Mothers' Spanking Behavior: The Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century.","authors":"Mako Nagayoshi, Yuko Kachi, Tsuguhiko Kato, Manami Ochi, Yuichi Ichinose, Takayuki Kondo, Kenji Takehara","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230270","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No previous study reported an association of paternal involvement in childcare and housework with maternal physical punishment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st century (N = 38,554), we analyzed responses about fathers' involvement in childcare and housework at 6 months and mothers' spanking of children at 3.5 years. Fathers' involvement in childcare and housework was scored and categorized into quartiles. Spanking frequency was asked in the \"often\", \"sometimes\", or \"not at all\" categories. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the mothers' often spanking children were computed for the fathers' involvement in childcare and housework. We also stratified the association by fathers' working hours (40-49, 50-59, or ≥60 hours/week).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 16,373 respondents, the proportion of mothers who often spanked their children was 4.8%. Compared with the lowest quartile, a higher frequency of paternal involvement in housework was associated with a lower risk of spanking children (P_trend = 0.001). Adjustment for covariates attenuated the association, but significant association was observed in the 3^rd quartile of paternal involvement in housework (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96). When the fathers worked fewer than 50 hours a week, a significant negative association was observed between the fathers' frequency of childcare and the likeliness of the mothers' spanking their children (P_trend = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fathers' active involvement in childcare and housework could reduce the mothers' physical punishment for their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"577-586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in tobacco use behaviour: A longitudinal cohort study in Japan.","authors":"Makiko Kanai, Osamu Kanai, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel tobacco product such as heated tobacco products have recently increased as a result of being promoted less harmful alternatives to cigarettes. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use may differ depending on the type of tobacco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We longitudinally investigated changes in tobacco use over a one-year period using internet-based and self-reported questionnaires among Japanese aged 15 to 79 years. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, with participants before the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020 as prepandemic group and participants after that as pandemic group. Accounting for population bias, we used sampling probability weighting referring to the nationwide data. The association between cessation and the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated separately for each type of tobacco using logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After conducting sampling probability weighting, 1,920 were in the prepandemic group and 2,681 were in the pandemic group. More participants in the pandemic group than in the prepandemic group achieved cessation after one year (13.8% vs. 10.2%, p<0.001). Dual users were more likely to quit during the pandemic than prepandemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.56, p<0.001), whereas exclusive novel tobacco users were less likely to quit during the pandemic (aOR=0.66, p=0.041). Tobacco cessation was more frequently achieved among those who had intended to quit at baseline survey among conventional tobacco users (aOR=1.77, p<0.001) and dual users (aOR=2.52, p<0.001); however, this trend was not observed among novel tobacco users (aOR=1.49, p=0.090).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conventional and novel tobacco use patterns varied in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Abnormal Liver Function in Early Pregnancy and Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Huibin Yang, Tianyi Tang, Qianlei Qian, Xiaohua Zhang, Yinan Liu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Yanling Zhang, Xiaotian Chen, Longmei Jin","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) precedes an increased risk of reduced fertility, while its etiology mechanism remains largely unknown. Liver dysfunction presenting in early pregnancy may represent a pre-existing undiagnosed liver condition affecting fetal development. Here, we investigated whether maternal abnormal liver function in early pregnancy contributed to the incidence of SPL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on pregnant women were leveraged from the Maternal Health Care Information System in Shanghai City from 2017 to 2021. Liver dysfunction status was defined as having any elevated liver function biomarker levels (LFBs) at the first antenatal visit. SPL cases were defined as fetal death occurring before 28 weeks gestation. Generalized linear models were used to estimate crude and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 10175 leveraged pregnant women, 918 (9.0%) SPL cases were recorded. Maternal liver dysfunction in early pregnancy was associated with a 49% increased risk of SPL (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.22-1.84). This positive association persisted after adjustment for covariates (aRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.26-1.92). Higher γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were also linked with increased risk of SPL in a linear fashion (aRRs per 1 standard deviation increase: 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.17; 1.13, 1.07-1.20, respectively). Similar magnitudes of associations were observed between normal weight and overweight pregnant women in subgroup analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide new evidence that maternal abnormal liver function in early pregnancy, as well as GGT and ALP, predisposes to an increased risk of SPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Report on a Single-center Survey of Barium Acute Appendicitis.","authors":"Taku Harada, Takashi Watari","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230334","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"560-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the prevalence of and clarifying factors associated with multiple tobacco product use in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2022.","authors":"Takafumi Yamamoto, Hazem Abbas, Upul Cooray, Tetsuji Yokoyama, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMultiple tobacco product (MTP) use is a public health concern due to their combined adverse health effects. MTP use may have increased since heated tobacco products (HTPs) became more prevalent in Japan. This study aimed to (1) estimate the recent prevalence of MTP use and clarify the associated factors compared to (2) non-smokers and (3) single-product users.MethodWe used data from an internet survey conducted in February 2022. The prevalence of MTP use in Japan was estimated using inverse probability-weighted scores from this survey and a nationwide survey by the Japanese government. Tobacco products include six types: cigarettes, HTPs, e-cigarettes, cigars, pipe/water pipes, and smokeless tobacco products. MTP use was defined using the outcome variable (no use, single-product use, and MTP use) based on these six types of use. Using multivariate logistic regression, we calculated the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to clarify factors associated with MTP use compared to non-smokers, adjusting demographic variables, psychological distress, self-rated health, and alcohol use. Using multivariate Poisson regression, we calculated the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95%CI to clarify factors associated with MTP use among smokers, adjusting for these covariates and smoking-related factors like workplace and home smoking rules.ResultsWe analyzed 30,141 participants whose mean age was 47.8 years (standard deviation = 17.9), and 14,722 participants were male (48.8%). The estimated prevalence of MTP use was 6.8%. The most common combination of MTP use was cigarettes and HTPs. Compared to non-smokers, being younger, male, low education, poor psychological distress, poor self-rated health, and alcohol use were factors associated with MTP use. Among smokers, workplace smoking rules, such as a partial smoking ban and no smoking ban, were not associated with MTP use compared to the indoor smoking ban. However, participants with no home smoking ban were positively associated with MTP use compared to those with a ban on both cigarettes and HTPs at home (both cigarettes and HTPs allowed aPR=1.36, 95%CI 1.15 to 1.61, HTPs only allowed aPR=1.73, 95%CI 1.43 to 2.10).ConclusionMTP users may account for a high percentage of Japanese smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}