Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Do not let the guard down on preventable behavioural risk factors.","authors":"Chiara Stival, Anna Odone, Alessandra Lugo, Piet A van den Brandt, Silvio Garattini, Silvano Gallus","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250037","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20250037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventable behavioural risk factors account for approximately one third of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide. This study aims to quantify the interest in behavioural risk factors within major medical journals in 2022 and to derive trends over the past 30 years in the entire medical literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the proportion of publications dealing with tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, use of illicit drugs, excess body weight and physical activity among all the 1,128 articles published in JAMA, BMJ, Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine in 2022. A joinpoint analysis was conducted running in PubMed/MEDLINE specific search strings to evaluate trends over the last 30 years in the four journals and in the whole medical literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, of all publications from the four considered medical journals, 2.8% dealt with tobacco smoking, 1.6% alcohol drinking, 1.1% use of illicit drugs, 3.8% excess body weight, 2.7% physical activity and 8.0% dealt with any behaviours. The joinpoint analysis on the whole medical literature showed that papers on modifiable risk factors significantly increased from 3.9% in 1993 to 6.2% in 2014 (annual percent change, APC: between +1.83% and +4.09%), and subsequently decreased between 2014 and 2019 (APC=-0.31%), with an acceleration thereafter (APC =-2.41% in 2019-2022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For the first time we quantified the volume of medical research focused on preventable behavioural risk factors. This appears to be limited and declining over the last decade. Research on primary prevention should be a priority to face the emergence of associated non-communicable diseases globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: \"Causal Mediation Analyses for the Natural Course of Hepatitis C: A Prospective Cohort Study\" [J Epidemiol 35(1) (2025) 21-29].","authors":"Yi-Ting Huang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Hwai-I Yang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Tai-Shuan Lai, Chien-Jen Chen, Yen-Tsung Huang","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250177","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20250177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading Books Helps Children in Poverty Become More Resilient: Results from a Population-based Longitudinal Study in Japan.","authors":"Yukako Tani, Aya Isumi, Yui Yamaoka, Takeo Fujiwara","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240329","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resilience is an important ability in reducing subsequent health risks from poverty. This study aimed to examine whether reading books in fourth grade boosts resilience in sixth grade and whether poverty status modifies the association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a part of longitudinal data from 2018 to 2020 from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study. In this analysis, we used all fourth-grade elementary school students and their caregivers' follow-up data (n = 3,136, 9- to 10-year-olds, 49.6% boys, follow-up rate =87%). Poverty and child reading books in fourth grade were assessed at baseline. Child resilience in fourth and sixth grade was assessed by caregivers using the Children's Resilient Coping Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In fourth grade, 20% of children read no books, while 15% read 4 or more books per week. Children who read more books at baseline became more resilient in sixth grade, even after adjustment of resilience in fourth grade. Poverty in fourth grade was associated with lower resilience in both fourth and sixth grade; however, when stratified by poverty status, the number of reading books was significantly associated with higher resilience only among children in poverty (e.g., coefficient=5.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 to 9.06 for ≥4 books vs. none).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For elementary school children in Japan, reading books boosts resilience, especially among children in poverty. Educational policy on reading books during elementary school may be important to address child poverty.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes and Medical Costs of Hospitalized Children Requiring Daily Medical Care in Japan.","authors":"Osamu Matsumura Momo, Susumu Kunisawa, Kenji Kishimoto, Kiyohide Fushimi, Yuichi Imanaka","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes and medical costs of hospitalized children requiring daily medical care (CRDMC), a patient group for which government-led support has developed rapidly in Japan.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using a nationwide administrative database. All hospitalizations of children aged under 18 years discharged from April 2014 to March 2021 were included. Clinical outcomes and medical costs were compared between CRDMC and non-CRDMC hospitalizations. The estimated increase in the proportion of CRDMC medical costs among all pediatric hospitalizations during the study period was also calculated.ResultsAmong the 1,531,456 hospitalizations included, 91,413 were identified as CRDMC. CRDMC accounted for 3.7% of the annual unique inpatients. The 30-day readmission rate among CRDMC was 27.5%, and the rate among those receiving multiple types of medical care was higher at 33.7%. The inpatient medical cost of CRDMC accounted for 20.3% of pediatric inpatient medical costs, with an estimated rise of 1.2881 (95% CI, 1.2110-1.3702) during the study period. In the breakdown of the medical costs, the proportion of injection drug fees increased most rapidly.ConclusionsThe high 30-day readmission rate in CRDMC was distinctive among the clinical outcomes. The proportion of medical costs for CRDMC in pediatric inpatients was high, although CRDMC accounted for only a small proportion of annual unique inpatients. Further support for CRDMC must be based on the unique characteristics of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index and Head and Neck Cancer Risk.","authors":"Shih-Wei Lai, Kuan-Fu Liao","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Tobacco Use Behavior: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Japan.","authors":"Makiko Kanai, Osamu Kanai, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240180","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Use of novel tobacco products, such as heated tobacco products, has recently increased as a result of being promoted less harmful alternatives to cigarettes. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tobacco use may differ depending on the type of tobacco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We longitudinally investigated changes in tobacco use over a 1-year period using internet-based and self-reported questionnaires among Japanese aged 15 to 79 years. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, with participants before the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020 as the pre-pandemic group and participants after that as the pandemic group. Accounting for population bias, we used sampling probability weighting referring to the nationwide data. The association between cessation and the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated separately for each type of tobacco using logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After conducting sampling probability weighting, 1,920 were in the pre-pandemic group and 2,681 were in the pandemic group. More participants in the pandemic group than in the pre-pandemic group achieved cessation after 1 year (13.8% vs 10.2%, P < 0.001). Dual users were more likely to quit during the pandemic than pre-pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.56, P < 0.001), whereas exclusive novel tobacco users were less likely to quit during the pandemic (aOR 0.66, P = 0.041). Tobacco cessation was more frequently achieved among those who had intended to quit at baseline survey among conventional tobacco users (aOR 1.77, P < 0.001) and dual users (aOR 2.52, P < 0.001); however, this trend was not observed among novel tobacco users (aOR 1.49, P = 0.090).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conventional and novel tobacco use patterns varied in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Social Capital and All-cause Mortality in Japan: Findings From the Adachi Cohort Study.","authors":"Hiroshi Murayama, Mika Sugiyama, Hiroki Inagaki, Ayako Edahiro, Fumiko Miyamae, Chiaki Ura, Keiko Motokawa, Tsuyoshi Okamura, Shuichi Awata","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240277","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community social capital is associated with various health outcomes; however, its impact on mortality is not fully understood, particularly in non-Western settings. This study examined the association between community-level social capital and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older Japanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The baseline data were obtained from a 2015 questionnaire survey for all 132,005 residents aged ≥65 years without long-term care insurance certification in Adachi Ward (consisting of 262 small districts) of the Tokyo metropolitan area. We measured two aspects of social capital: neighborhood cohesion as cognitive social capital and neighborhood network as structural social capital. For district-level social capital, we aggregated the individual responses of neighborhood cohesion and neighborhood network in each district.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 75,338 were analyzed. A multilevel survival analysis with an average follow-up of 1,656 days showed that higher district-level neighborhood cohesion was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in men (hazard ratio 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.99 for the highest quintile and 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99 for the second, compared to the lowest), but not in women. This association was more pronounced in men aged 65-74 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights from the Asian population. Men, who typically have fewer social networks and support systems than women, could receive more benefits from residing in a cohesive community, which may contribute to their longevity. These findings support public health strategies that bolster community social capital as a means of archiving longevity among older men, underscoring the importance of social integration in aging societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Serum Retinol-binding Protein 4 Levels in Late Pregnancy on the Incidence of Small/Large for Gestational Age Infants Among 11,854 Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Bin Zhang, Zhaolong Zhan, Sijie Xi, Feng Wang, Xiaosong Yuan","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240275","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is still uncertainty regarding the association between maternal serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between RBP4 levels and incidence of small/large for gestational age (SGA/LGA) infants among the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of 11,854 pregnant women who delivered at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between 2016 and 2017 and whose serum RBP4 levels were measured at the time of admission. The incidence of SGA/LGA deliveries was retrieved from the medical records of the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal RBP4 levels in the second, third, and fourth quartiles (28.8-34.0, 34.1-40.0, and >40.0 mg/L, respectively) were associated with lower birthweights relative to those in the first quartile (<28.8 mg/L), with estimated average decreases of 51.30 g (95% confidence interval [CI], -70.51 to -32.10), 86.86 g (95% CI, -106.50 to -67.22) and 124.08 g (95% CI, -144.51 to -103.64), respectively (P for trend <0.01). Pregnant women in the fourth quartile for RBP4 levels had a greater SGA risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.14; 95% CI, 1.72-2.65) and lower LGA risk (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.45-0.63) than those in the first quartile after controlling for demographic variables, gestational age, pregnancy complications, and other laboratory results. The sensitivity analysis indicated the consistency of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High RBP4 levels in late pregnancy are associated with an increased SGA risk and decreased LGA risk, indicating that serum RBP4 levels at the time of admission for delivery could be a promising predictor of SGA/LGA delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Condition of Subjective Daytime Sleepiness and Its Related Decline in Work Productivity Among Daytime Workers.","authors":"Yuta Takano, Toshiyuki Hirasawa, Yuichi Inoue","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240295","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few have examined the condition of subjective daytime sleepiness in workers and its relation to their work productivity. This study aimed to clarify the association between the presence of subjective daytime sleepiness and work productivity measures, including presenteeism and absenteeism, as well as factors related to the presence of the symptom in daytime workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 17,963 daytime workers who attended the annual medical check-up. They were categorized into four groups; the daytime sleepiness group was defined as having only subjective daytime sleepiness, the insomnia group as having only insomnia symptoms, the combination group as having both subjective daytime sleepiness and insomnia symptoms, and the healthy group as having no sleep complaints. This study used demographics, health status, workplace, work productivity, and sleep items included in the self-reported medical check-up questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination group had significantly worse presenteeism than other groups. The daytime sleepiness and insomnia groups had significantly worse presenteeism than the healthy group. The results of absenteeism were the same as presenteeism. Factors related to the positivity for subjective daytime sleepiness were presence of psychiatric disease, the positivity for habitual snoring and/or witnessed apnea, shorter sleep duration on workdays, long working hours, female sex, living alone, the amount of social jetlag, and younger age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subjective daytime sleepiness, not just insomnia symptoms, has a significant negative impact on work productivity, and both workplace and individual approaches should not be ignored for addressing subjective daytime sleepiness among daytime workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"262-269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on Fecal Immunochemical Test and Risk Assessment: A Population-based Study Including Two Million Participants in China.","authors":"Dong Hang, Chen Zhu, Xiaolin Yang, Jinjin He, Huizhang Li, Tingting Pan, Le Wang, Shi Wang, Wei Wu, Jieming Zhong, Weiwei Gong, Meng Zhu, Ci Song, Hongxia Ma, Ni Li, Yanfei Qiu, Guangfu Jin, Zhibin Hu, Lingbin Du, Xiangdong Cheng, Hongbing Shen","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240252","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet the practical performance of FIT combined with questionnaire-based risk assessment (QRA) remains undetermined. Moreover, risk factors for distinct CRC precursors identified in screening have been rarely compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on a population-based CRC screening in China, with 2,120,340 participants completing both FIT and QRA. Those with positive FIT or high QRA scores were recommended for colonoscopy. We reported the compliance, detection rate, and colonoscopy workload according to FIT and QRA results. We also explored risk factors for conventional adenomas and serrated polyps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The compliance rate of colonoscopy in the subgroup of FIT (+) and QRA (+) was 41.4%, higher than the rates in FIT (+) and QRA (-), as well as FIT (-) and QRA (+), which were 38.7% (P < 0.001) and 16.4% (P < 0.001), respectively. The corresponding detection rates of advanced neoplasia were 18.2%, 13.2%, and 9.3% (all P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, the required numbers of colonoscopies to detect one advanced neoplasia in the three subgroups were 5.5, 7.6, and 10.8, respectively. Increased body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, red meat intake, and type 2 diabetes were associated with higher risk of advanced adenomas and advanced serrated polyps, whereas vegetable intake was inversely associated with advanced adenomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FIT and QRA can synergistically identify individuals at high risk of colorectal advanced neoplasia, with those testing positive for both deserving immediate attention. Modifiable factors were identified to complement screening for preventing CRC precursors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}