Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"\"Screen Time\" to \"AI time\": AI Use and Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Outcomes in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Abir Nagata, Kenji J Tsuchiya","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for assessing carotenoid intakes using serum biomarkers in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.","authors":"Keiko Murakami, Yudai Yonezawa, Taku Obara, Takahiro Yamashita, Shigenori Suzuki, Junko Ishihara, Ribeka Takachi, Shiori Sugawara, Misato Aizawa, Ippei Takahashi, Mami Ishikuro, Aoi Noda, Hisaaki Kudo, Kazuki Kumada, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shinichi Kuriyama","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>More research is needed to clarify the health effects of dietary carotenoid intakes, and this requires the use of high-quality assessments of habitual dietary intake. Cohort studies from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization included a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (TMM-FFQ) for community-dwelling adults. This study evaluated the validity of carotenoid intakes derived from the TMM-FFQ using serum carotenoid concentrations as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Miyagi Prefecture, 88 men and 124 women aged ≥20 years voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and provided completed TMM-FFQs and blood samples in 2019 and 2021. Carotenoids examined included α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess correlations between serum concentrations in 2019 and 2021. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the correlations between energy-adjusted dietary carotenoid intakes from the TMM-FFQ in 2021 and the average serum carotenoid concentrations in 2019 and 2021, with correction for the attenuating effect of random within-individual variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICCs between serum concentrations over the 2 years were >0.50 for all carotenoids. Among men, correlation coefficients were 0.33 for α-carotene, 0.42 for β-carotene, 0.50 for β-cryptoxanthin, and -0.09 for lycopene. Among women, the coefficients were lower than those for men, except for lycopene: 0.11 for α-carotene, 0.23 for β-carotene, 0.21 for β-cryptoxanthin, and 0.28 for lycopene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TMM-FFQ demonstrated reasonable validity for assessing intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin among men, but not among women, in the TMM cohort studies when using serum concentrations as the gold standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Profile of the Iwate PGS Assessment and Risk Communication (PARC) Study.","authors":"Akiko Yoshida, Tomoharu Tokutomi, Nobuhiro Suzumori, Akimune Fukushima, Yukiko Toya, Hideki Ohmomo, Kozo Tanno, Yoichi Sutoh, Yuka Kotozaki, Tsuyoshi Hachiya, Kazuki Kumada, Hisaaki Kudo, Atsushi Hasegawa, Mika Sakurai-Yageta, Akira Narita, Yohei Hamanaka, Satoshi Nagaie, Soichi Ogishima, Fuji Nagami, Yayoi Otsuka-Yamasaki, Shohei Komaki, Shiori Minabe, Koichi Asahi, Ryujin Endo, Yasushi Ishigaki, Masayuki Yamamoto, Atsushi Shimizu, Makoto Sasaki","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential impacts of polygenic scores (PGS) on health-behavior changes are not fully understood. The Iwate PGS Assessment and Risk Communication Study aims to investigate the effects of reporting PGS-based risk for ischemic stroke on health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants wishing to know their PGS-based ischemic stroke risk were recruited from health checkup venues for workers in Iwate Prefecture in 2023. Health checkup data, biospecimens, and questionnaire responses were collected for biochemical testing, genotyping, and storage in the Tohoku Medical Megabank integrated biobank. The risk was calculated using an integrative PGS model for East Asians. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group received their risk report as the intervention group. The impacts of the risk notification will be investigated in follow-up surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,599 workers, 2,088 participated in the study (consent rate, 58.0%). The demographic profile of the eligible 2,083 participants was as follows: 80.7% males, and dominance of participants aged 18-29 years (25.2%), in their 30's (25.3%), and in their 40's (24.7%). Two hundred participants (9.7%) had a risk of 1.0 as the reference; 57 (2.7%), 927 (44.7%), and 888 (42.9%) participants had 2.1-3.4-, 1.4-1.9-, and <1.0-fold that risk, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We collected health information and biospecimens from over 2,000 workers, and disclosed the PGS-based ischemic stroke risk. Behavioral effects will be evaluated 1 year after disclosure, with follow-up until 2030. As Japan's first large-scale PGS risk communication study, it will provide initial insights for implementing PGS in personalized preventive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular trends in the prevalence of small vulnerable newborns in Japan, 1997-2021.","authors":"Keisuke Yoshii, Hibiki Doi, Mizuho Igarashi, Kohei Ogawa, Keiko Matsubara, Tetsuya Isayama, Kenichi Kashimada, Naho Morisaki","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn 2023, a collaborative UNICEF-WHO group introduced the concept of small vulnerable newborns (SVNs) to improve the identification of newborns at increased risk of adverse outcomes and to guide more effective preventive strategies. However, global data on the prevalence of SVNs remains scarce. This study aimed to examine secular trends in the prevalence of SVNs and their three subgroups, namely term small for gestational age (SGA), preterm SGA, and preterm non-SGA, in the Japanese population.MethodsWe analyzed data from vital statistics including livebirths and stillbirths between 1997 and 2021. Secular trends in the prevalence of SVNs and their subgroups were assessed. In addition, we conducted regional analyses to explore associations with the distribution of medical resources.ResultsA total of 26,172,760 newborns were included. The overall prevalence of SVNs was 7.8% in 1997, peaked at 8.7% in 2005, and declined to 7.7% by 2021. This decline was primarily attributed to a reduction in term SGA births. In contrast, the prevalence of preterm SGA and preterm non-SGA remained largely unchanged. In 2021, the prevalence of term SGA, preterm SGA, and preterm non-SGA was 2.0%, 0.44%, and 5.3%, respectively. No significant association was found between the regional variation in the prevalence of SVNs and the distribution of medical resources.ConclusionThe prevalence of SVNs in Japan has declined since 2005, mainly due to reduced term SGA births. Persistent rates of preterm subgroups highlight the ongoing burden of prematurity, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to improve neonatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of a Self-Administered Questionnaire for 24-Hour Movement Behaviors.","authors":"Aino Kitayama, Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Akitomo Yasunaga, Bronwyn Clark, Neville Owen, David W Dunstan, Koichiro Oka","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brief measures of 24-hour movement behaviors are needed to easily evaluate their durations. The present study investigated the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of a brief self-report instrument to assess 24-hour movement behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A paper-based self-administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with four items in 35 healthy adults. Participants wore a tri-axial accelerometer and answered the questionnaire on the final day of the accelerometry assessment and after 14 days. Spearman's correlations of self-reported measures with their accelerometer-derived counterparts were assessed and median values compared by Mann-Whitney U-tests. Bland-Altman plots were employed to characterize differences in self-reported and device-measured time in the behaviors and their limits of agreement. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate correlations with device measures for sleep, SB, and LPA for a typical and the past week (rho = 0.46 to 0.60) and low correlations for MVPA (rho = 0.33 to 0.47) were observed. Less duration of sleep and MVPA were reported compared with accelerometer-derived durations for the three recall periods (z = -3.9 to -2.5 and -4.0 to -3.5, respectively). The test-retest reliability for a typical week was fair-to-good or excellent for all the four behaviors (ICCs = 0.72 - 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings show acceptable validity and reliability of this questionnaire measure of 24-hour movement behaviors for typical week, past week and previous day recall periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for \"Association Between Introduction of the 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) and Pneumonia Incidence and Mortality Among General Older Population in Japan: A Community-based Study.\"J Epidemiol 35(5) (2025) 237-244.","authors":"Aya Sugiyama, Masaaki Kataoka, Kentaro Tokumo, Kanon Abe, Hirohito Imada, Bunlorn Sun, Golda Ataa Akuffo, Tomoyuki Akita, Shingo Fukuma, Noboru Hattori, Junko Tanaka","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: The Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort (ISPOHC).","authors":"Zhuo Sun, Huiting Yu, YiXian Li, Wei Lu, Zhengyuan Wang, Qi Song, Shupeng Mai, Zehuan Shi, Liping Shen, Wenqing Ma, Xin Cui, Chen Xin, Jiajie Zang","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240349","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort (ISPOHC) was initiated in Shanghai to address the need for a comprehensive and longitudinal study on iodine nutrition and its effects on maternal and offspring health. The findings based on the Shanghai population can serve as a reference for other megacities experiencing significant dietary changes simultaneously. ISPOHC utilized a stratified cluster random sampling design, enrolling 5,099 pregnant women from all 16 districts of Shanghai. The survey has been conducted in three phases. Data collected at different time points include health status, living habits, dietary intake, birth, feeding, early development, anthropometric measurements, and biomarkers, allowing for an in-depth evaluation of iodine nutrition's impact on offspring development. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires, home visits, anthropometric measurements, and biological sample collection. The integration of detailed food investigation and on-site weighing of household seasonings provides a more precise assessment of dietary iodine intake, particularly iodized salt consumption, distinguishing this study. The study has provided significant insights into the relationship between iodine nutrition during pregnancy and various health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"410-419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity and Sitting Time With Risk of Disability and Mortality Among Japanese Older Adults.","authors":"Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Yuya Watanabe, Yosuke Yamada, Motohiko Miyachi, Misaka Kimura","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240385","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interaction and substitution effects of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) living in non-western countries have not been well investigated. This study aimed to examine the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST with disability and mortality in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study analyzed data from 10,164 adults aged over 65 years who participated in the Kyoto-Kameoka study in Japan. We evaluated MVPA and ST using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their levels of MVPA (150 min/week) and ST (300 min/day): low MVPA/high ST, low MVPA/low ST, high MVPA/high ST, and high MVPA/low ST. Outcomes were gathered between July 30, 2011, and November 30, 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years (45,461 person-years), 2,273 disability cases were documented. The low MVPA/high ST groups were associated with higher disability risk than those in the high MVPA/low ST groups (hazard ratio [HR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-1.75), and the interaction between MVPA and ST accounted for 48.5% of the relative excess risk of disability in the low MVPA/high ST group (P for interaction = 0.006). Daily replacement of 10 minutes of ST with 10 minutes of MVPA was associated with a reduced risk of disability (HR 0.980; 95% CI, 0.971-0.989) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.975; 95% CI, 0.962-0.988).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that even a small substitution of ST with MVPA could help lower both the risk of disability and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"385-392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-specific Prefectural Hospital Bed Utilization Rate and In-hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients Throughout the First 3 Years of the Pandemic in Japan.","authors":"Hitomi Kimura, Mariko Hosozawa, Yuta Taniguchi, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Koji Kitajima, Mari Terada, Yusuke Asai, Norio Ohmagari, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240395","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined the association between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-specific prefectural bed utilization rate and in-hospital mortality during the first 3 years of the pandemic in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide study included 58,175 COVID-19 patients from the COVID-19 Registry Japan, hospitalized between May 1, 2020 and November 30, 2022. Based on the weekly COVID-19-specific bed utilization rate in each prefecture at diagnosis, patients were categorized into four groups (<25%, 25% to <50%, 50% to <75%, and ≥75%). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by fitting a generalized linear mixed model with prefecture as a random intercept and adjusting for covariates (age, gender, body mass index, smoking and drinking status, and comorbidities). Additional analyses according to age group, gender, and wave of the pandemic were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed 2,312 (4.0%) all-cause in-hospital deaths. All-cause in-hospital mortality increased with higher COVID-19 bed utilization rates at diagnosis (OR for multivariable model 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.54 for 25% to <50%; OR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.66-2.16 for 50 to <75%; OR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.80-2.58 for ≥75%; P for trend <0.0001). Stronger associations were noted among the younger population (aged <70 years: OR 3.18; 95% CI, 1.96-5.19) and during the fourth (March 1-June 30, 2021: OR 3.81; 95% CI, 2.13-6.80) and sixth pandemic waves (January 1-June 30, 2022: OR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.68-4.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results emphasize that preventing hospital bed shortages during outbreaks is an important public health strategy to reduce the associated mortality, particularly when new strains emerge and in younger people.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"402-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremely Elevated High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Suita Study.","authors":"Ahmed Arafa, Yuka Kato, Yoshihiro Kokubo","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240428","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"420-422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}