Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Discomfort Experienced Due to the Odor and Physiological Responses of Residual Tobacco Smoke Brought Into Workplaces by Smokers on Work Performance and Mental Health.","authors":"Kosuke Kiyohara, Takaaki Ikeda, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Ryo Okubo, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240354","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The discomfort experienced due to residual tobacco smoke, a form of thirdhand smoke exposure brought into workplaces by smokers, and its health impacts on non-smokers have been inadequately investigated. This study explored associations between non-smokers' discomfort and work performance and mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational internet-based survey was conducted in 2021 as part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey. Participants comprised 6,519 adult workers without firsthand or secondhand smoking. Work performance and mental health were evaluated using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), respectively. The proportion of participants who experienced discomfort from the residual tobacco smoke in their workplace by smokers in the previous year was calculated according to the workplace's smoke-free policy, and the difference was assessed using the χ² test. The association between such discomfort and WFun and K6 scores was examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among respondents, 17.1% reported experiencing discomfort due to the residual tobacco smoke. A strict smoke-free workplace policy was associated with a lower proportion of respondents experiencing such discomfort (P < 0.001). Those who experienced discomfort more frequently had significantly higher scores on the WFun (15.5% \"never\", 21.3% \"sometimes\", 26.2% \"frequently\") and K6 (37.8% \"never\", 48.2% \"sometimes\", 50.8% \"frequently\"). Adjusting for potential covariates in multivariable analyses did not change these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Discomfort from thirdhand smoke was associated with worse work performance and mental health problems. Promotion of strict smoke-free workplace policies is required to reduce such experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: \"Causal Mediation Analyses for the Natural Course of Hepatitis C: A Prospective Cohort Study\" [J Epidemiol 35(1) (2025) 21-29].","authors":"Yi-Ting Huang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Hwai-I Yang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Tai-Shuan Lai, Chien-Jen Chen, Yen-Tsung Huang","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250177","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20250177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary Behavior and Health Consequences: A Systematic Scoping Review of Prospective and Longitudinal Studies in Japan.","authors":"Ai Shibata, Kaori Ishii, Neville Owen, Koichiro Oka","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review summarizes and evaluates evidence from Japan on prospective relationships of sedentary behavior (too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity) with health outcomes, forming the basis for Japan's new sedentary behavior guidelines. It also identified evidence gaps and provided recommendations for future public health guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and MEDLINE for English-language, peer-reviewed longitudinal studies on sedentary behavior and health outcomes in apparently healthy Japanese adults published between 2000 and 2023. The search strategy was developed based on sedentary behavior measures, study design, and study population. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data were synthesized narratively, with a quality assessment performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven relevant studies were identified, all but one published after 2013. About half focused on middle-aged and older adults, primarily using self-report questionnaires. Many studies were large cohorts (>10,000 participants) with follow-ups of more than 10 years. Studies varied widely in physical activity indicators, confounders, time classifications, and cutoff values for sedentary behavior. The studies examined 29 health outcomes, primarily all-cause mortality, cancer incidence, and cancer mortality. Most studies reported at least partial evidence of harmful associations between sedentary behavior and health outcomes, though only eight were rated as good quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is sufficient evidence to support minimizing sedentary time to promote health in Japanese adults. However, due to the limited number of high-quality studies, the specificity and dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior and health outcomes remain unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of the Impact of Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Diabetes on Healthy Life Expectancy in Japan: NIPPON DATA90.","authors":"Rumi Tsukinoki, Yoshitaka Murakami, Takehito Hayakawa, Aya Kadota, Akiko Harada, Yoshikuni Kita, Akira Okayama, Katsuyuki Miura, Tomonori Okamura, Hirotsugu Ueshima","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240298","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is a population health indicator that is widely used in developed countries, but little is known about its relationships with combinations of non-communicable disease risk factors. This study was conducted to examine HLE at age 65 years according to combinations of blood pressure levels, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Japanese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a nationwide cohort study (NIPPON DATA90), data on these risk factors were obtained from participants in 1990 through physical examinations, blood tests, interviews, and questionnaires. Subsequently, participants aged ≥65 years underwent surveys on activities of daily living in 1995 and 2000, and multistate life tables were used to calculate combination-specific HLEs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population comprised 6,569 participants (men: 2,797; women: 3,772) who were followed until 2010. HLE at age 65 years in men with grade II/III hypertension, obesity, current smoker status, and DM (HLE 12.9; 95% CI, 12.9-13.0 years) was 9.7 years shorter than men without these risk factors (HLE 22.6; 95% CI, 22.4-22.8 years). Similarly, HLE at age 65 years in women with grade II/III hypertension, obesity, current smoker status, and DM (HLE 16.2; 95% CI, 15.9-16.5 years) was 10.1 years shorter than women without these risk factors (HLE 26.3; 95% CI, 26.3-26.3 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The large discrepancies in HLEs underscore the impact of non-communicable disease risk factors, which should be considered when formulating health interventions to improve HLE in Japanese older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Informal Caregiving and Changes in Cardiovascular-related Health Behaviors Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in Japan: A 15-year Panel Survey.","authors":"Yuta Taniguchi, Atsushi Miyawaki, Masao Iwagami, Takehiro Sugiyama, Taeko Watanabe, Tomoko Ito, Nanako Tamiya","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240197","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that informal caregiving is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanisms involved. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the association of informal caregiving with changes in health-related behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a nationally representative sample aged 50-59 years as of 2005 using fifteen waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Older Adults, which was conducted between 2005-2019. We investigated the association between the change in informal caregiving status and the change in health-related behaviors, including (1) heavy drinking, (2) smoking, (3) no exercise habits, and (4) no attendance at annual health checkups. We used multivariable logistic regression models with correlated random effects, adjusting for individual-level time-invariant characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 268,165 observations from 30,530 participants (median age 55; interquartile range, 52-57 years at baseline; 51.6% women), 32,164 (12.0%) observations from 10,224 individuals provided informal care. After adjusting for potential confounders, informal caregiving was associated with higher probabilities of deteriorating health-related behaviors, including heavy drinking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.32; adjusted P = 0.032) and no exercise habits (aOR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15; adjusted P < 0.001). We observed similar patterns for smoking (aOR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.001-1.26; adjusted P = 0.053) and no attendance at health checkups (aOR 1.05; 95% CI, 0.999-1.10; adjusted P = 0.053).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the transition into informal caregiving was associated with deteriorating cardiovascular-related health behaviors in Japan. These findings highlighted the importance of continued efforts to prevent the deterioration of caregivers' health-related behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"355-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent Support Is Needed for More Tinnitus Research.","authors":"Carlotta M Jarach, Jorge P Simoes, Winfried Schlee, Berthold Langguth, Silvano Gallus","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240427","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"382-383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Dietary Diversity and Subsequent All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality Among Japanese Adults: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.","authors":"Daiki Watanabe, Isao Muraki, Koutatsu Maruyama, Akiko Tamakoshi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240422","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor dietary habits are a significant changeable factor contributing to negative health effects; however, the connection between variations in dietary diversity over time and mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between longitudinal changes in the dietary diversity score (DDS) and mortality in Japanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 20,863 adults (13,144 women, 7,719 men) aged 40-79 years from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. The DDS was evaluated twice, once at baseline and again 5 years later, using a validated food frequency questionnaire that assessed 33 food items. Participants were classified into four groups based on mean DDS: baseline low DDS/5 years later low DDS (n = 7,866; Low/Low group), baseline low DDS/5 years later high DDS (n = 2,951; Low/High group), baseline high DDS/5 years later low DDS (n = 3,000; High/Low group), and baseline high DDS/5 years later high DDS (n = 7,046; High/High group). Survival data were collected until 2009, and hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 14.8 years (256,277 person-years), 2,995 deaths were documented. After adjusting for confounders, participants in the High/High group had a lower HR for mortality from all causes (HR 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.91) and cardiovascular disease (HR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98) than those in the Low/Low group. Similar associations were observed with dairy, soy, and vegetables/fruits, but they were validated exclusively in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that maintaining a higher DDS may be associated with lower mortality in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Across Different Body Mass Index Categories Among Japanese Workers.","authors":"Yu Wang, Yosuke Inoue, Shohei Yamamoto, Ami Fukunaga, Shuichiro Yamamoto, Toru Honda, Tohru Nakagawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Maki Konishi, Tetsuya Mizoue","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240259","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20240259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While evidence from Western countries links low-to-moderate alcohol consumption to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), findings have been inconsistent in Asia. Since T2D in Asia involves both insulin resistance and deficient insulin secretion, both of which are differently affected by alcohol, we prospectively examined whether the association differs according to body mass index (BMI) categories among the Japanese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 31,524 health checkup examinees (26,819 males and 4,705 females aged 20-64 years) who were free from diabetes at baseline. Self-reported data on alcohol use were used to estimate the average daily alcohol consumption at the baseline. Incident diabetes was identified at annual checkups during the follow-up period. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 3,527 male and 287 female participants developed T2D. The association between alcohol consumption and T2D risk differed markedly by BMI in both sexes. Among males, low- and moderate-level alcohol consumption was associated with a lower T2D risk in individuals with BMI ≥25.0 kg/m², whereas consumption at a level of 2 go/day (approximately 46 g ethanol) was linked to an increased T2D risk in those with BMI ≤22.0 kg/m². In females, similar patterns were observed, although confidence intervals were broad due to the smaller sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Japan, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may lower T2D risk in those with excess body weight, while high alcohol consumption may increase T2D risk in those with lower BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"364-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a salt check sheet for screening salt intake estimated from 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in middle-aged Japanese adults following a salt reduction intervention.","authors":"Sachiko Maruya, Shiori Sugawara, Mayuka Matsumoto, Misako Nakadate, Junko Ishihara, Ribeka Takachi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the factors for not achieving a reduced salt diet may be the difficulties in screening individuals according to their quantitative salt consumption. Accordingly, we examined the performance of the simplified salt check sheet (13 items) as a quantitative tool for screening excessive salt intake by comparing with the salt intake amount measured by 24-hour urinary sodium (salt equivalent g/day) excretion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fifty-four participants (57 males and 97 females) from Kanagawa, Tokyo, and Nara prefectures in Japan were included. In this study, which the design is a cross-sectional validation study, the salt intake amount was used as a diagnostic criterion, and corresponding receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were prepared based on the sensitivity and specificity of each score of the salt check sheet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average salt intake were 13.5 and 10.2 g/day for males and females, respectively. When using the total score, among males, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was moderate (0.702 [95% CI, 0.543-0.862]), confirming its value as a diagnostic tool for salt intake of ≥10 g/day. In females, the AUCs were low for any criteria. When score calculation item was limited to three that contributed to the higher salt intake in this population, the AUC for ≥10 g salt/day was moderate (0.700 [95% CI, 0.595-0.805]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The salt check sheet was found to be useful in screening for excessive salt intake only in males. For females, it was suggested that it could be used only when three specific items are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for \"Area Deprivation and Health Outcomes in Preschool Children in Japan: A Nationwide Cohort Study\" [J Epidemiol (2025) doi:10.2188/jea.JE20240426. Epub ahead of print.].","authors":"Naomi Matsumoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Tomoki Nakaya, Ichiro Kawachi, Takashi Yorifuji","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20250272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20250272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}