Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"News coverage of older drivers' fatal car crashes: is it over-represented?","authors":"Masao Ichikawa, Rie Tanaka, Akito Nakanishi, Yukie Sano","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Japan's stringent licensing policies for older drivers have not been questioned, possibly due to negative perceptions of older drivers potentially influenced by media coverage of their car crashes. We examined whether older drivers' fatal crashes are over-represented in the news articles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine the news coverage of fatal crashes that occurred between January 2016 and December 2020, we extracted driver- and crash-related data from articles reporting fatal crashes in the two best-selling newspapers, Yomiuri and Asahi. We obtained the corresponding data of police-reported fatal crashes during the same period. We calculated the proportion of newspaper-reported fatal crashes to police-reported fatal crashes by at-fault driver's age group and crash characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 12,987 police-reported fatal crashes, 5,888 (45%) and 2,909 (22%) crashes were reported in Yomiuri and Asahi newspapers, respectively. Excluding 2,098 crashes where at-fault drivers or their ages were not identifiable, Yomiuri reported 39%, 35%, and 31%, and Asahi reported 20%, 16%, and 14% of fatal crashes caused by drivers aged <30 years, 30-69 years, and 70 years or older, respectively. Crashes that caused more fatalities or killed children tended to be reported regardless of at-fault drivers' age groups. Compared with young and middle-aged drivers, older drivers' fatal crashes involving child fatalities were more reported, whereas their single fatal crashes ending in their own deaths were less reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older drivers' at-fault fatal crashes were not over-represented in the news coverage of overall fatal crashes, and their crashes killing themselves were under-reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Careful Consideration of Study Limitations When Interpreting the Association Between Induced Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk.","authors":"Tiana Fontanilla","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230362","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounding in Epidemiological Studies on Assessment of the Impact of Genetic Factors on Disease Risk: The Problem of Redundant Adjustment.","authors":"Yumiko Kasugai, Isao Oze, Yuriko N Koyanagi, Yukari Taniyama, Hidemi Ito, Issei Imoto, Keitaro Matsuo","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230277","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"498-502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee and Green Tea Consumption With the Risk of COVID-19 Among the Vaccine Recipients in Japan: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Zobida Islam, Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Maki Konishi, Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230231","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While coffee and green tea have been suggested to have immunoprotective effects, it remains elusive whether they can decrease the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We prospectively examined the associations of coffee and green tea consumption with the risk of COVID-19 among mRNA vaccine recipients during the epidemic of the Omicron variant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 2,110 staff (aged 18 to 76 years) of a large medical facility in Tokyo, who attended a serosurvey in June 2022, predominantly received ≥3 doses of vaccine, and were followed for COVID-19 until December 2022. Coffee and green tea consumption was ascertained via a questionnaire. COVID-19 was identified through the in-house registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 across the categories of beverage consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 6 months of follow-up, 225 (10.6%) cases of COVID-19 were identified. Contrary to the expectation, higher consumption of coffee was associated with a significant increase in the risk of COVID-19; multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.35), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.99-2.22), and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20-2.76) for <1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, 2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day, respectively (P trend = 0.003). Green tea consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19. The association with coffee was attenuated if serologically detected infection was added to the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a cohort of Japanese hospital staff who received COVID-19 vaccine, higher consumption of coffee was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. There was no evidence of a significant association between green tea consumption and COVID-19 risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"444-452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonrestorative Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: The Aichi Workers' Cohort Study.","authors":"Jingyi Lin, Zean Song, Yuanying Li, Chifa Chiang, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Yoshihisa Nakano, Young-Jae Hong, Masaaki Matsunaga, Atsuhiko Ota, Koji Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230184","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term \"nonrestorative sleep (NRS)\" refers to an unrefreshed feeling at wake-up and is a domain of poor sleep quality. Previous research has demonstrated that NRS is linked to a number of diseases and adverse health outcomes, but less is known regarding the link between NRS and diabetes, particularly in Japanese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 3,665 middle-aged male participants of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study who were followed-up from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to NRS adjusted for potential confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 421 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Participants with NRS had a higher crude incidence rate of T2DM (11.2/1,000 person-years), compared to participants without NRS (9.3/1,000 person-years). In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported having NRS had a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM (HR1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.67). The association was observed only in participants under 50 years old (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.36-2.43), not in the older (50 years or older) participants (P for interaction = 0.025). In contrast, stratified analyses by the presence of shift work, obesity, or sleep duration showed similar associations in all the strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRS was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese male workers independent of a variety of lifestyle factors and other sleep problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"428-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Profiles Alterations in Cigarette Smokers and Heated Tobacco Product Users.","authors":"Sei Harada, Hideki Ohmomo, Minako Matsumoto, Mizuki Sata, Miho Iida, Aya Hirata, Naoko Miyagawa, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Suzuka Kato, Ryota Toki, Shun Edagawa, Daisuke Sugiyama, Asako Sato, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Masahiro Sugimoto, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaru Tomita, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomonori Okamura, Toru Takebayashi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230170","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have gained global popularity, but their health risks remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with smoking and HTP use in a large Japanese population to improve health risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolomics data from 9,922 baseline participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) were analyzed to determine the association between smoking habits and plasma metabolites. Moreover, alterations in smoking-related metabolites among HTP users were examined based on data obtained from 3,334 participants involved from April 2018 to June 2019 in a follow-up survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that cigarette smokers had metabolomics profiles distinct from never smokers, with 22 polar metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers for smoking. These biomarker profiles of HTP users were closer to those of cigarette smokers than those of never smokers. The concentration of glutamate was higher in cigarette smokers, and biomarkers involved in glutamate metabolism were also associated with cigarette smoking and HTP use. Network pathway analysis showed that smoking was associated with the glutamate pathway, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of the vessels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the glutamate pathway is affected by habitual smoking. These changes in the glutamate pathway may partly explain the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease. HTP use was also associated with glutamate metabolism, indicating that HTP use may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease through mechanisms similar to those in cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation in the intake of food groups and nutrients in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Riho Adachi, Fumi Oono, Mai Matsumoto, Xiaoyi Yuan, Kentaro Murakami, Satoshi Sasaki, Hidemi Takimoto","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20240139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20240139","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p><b>Background</b> Seasonal variations could systematically bias dietary intakes. This systematic review aimed to determine seasonal variations in dietary intake among Japanese adults.</p><p><b>Methods</b> PubMed and Ichushi-Web databases were searched for studies reporting seasonal intakes of nutrients or food groups assessed by dietary records or 24-hour recalls. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022356084).</p><p><b>Results</b> Ten studies (eight studies on 1–31 nutrients and four on 2–15 food groups) met the inclusion criteria. Six studies included both sexes, whereas four investigated only females. The number of participants ranged from 25 to 459, and the number of dietary survey days in each season ranged from 1 to 14. For most nutrient and food groups, the reported seasonal variations were inconsistent across studies. The meta-analyses comparing differences in mean intakes between two seasons showed no significant differences in all comparisons or differences in only one comparison for most nutrients and food groups. Significant seasonal differences were observed for vegetables, fruits, and potatoes in five out of six comparisons, though the heterogeneity was high. Their biggest differences were as follows: 101 g/day more vegetable intake in summer than spring, 60 g/day more fruit intake in fall than spring, and 20.1 g/day more potato intake in fall than spring.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b> Reported seasonal variations were inconsistent across studies for most food groups and nutrients. Relatively distinct seasonal differences in mean intakes were observed for vegetables, fruits, and potatoes in meta-analyses. However, these results must be interpreted cautiously because of the high heterogeneity and limited representativeness.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reproducibility of food group intakes in a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for genomic and omics research: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project","authors":"Keiko Murakami, Junko Ishihara, Ribeka Takachi, Shiori Sugawara, Misato Aizawa, Ippei Takahashi, Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Aoi Noda, Mako Ogino, Yuchie Hoshina, Kumiko Kito, Misako Nakadate, Sachiko Maruya, Tomoka Matsuno, Yudai Yonezawa, Takahiro Yamashita, Shigenori Suzuki, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shinichi Kuriyama","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20240064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20240064","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p><b>Background:</b> The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project (TMM) was established to realize personalized healthcare and medicine using genomic and omics data. This study evaluated the validity and reproducibility of food group intakes derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (TMM-FFQ) that included the response option “constitutionally unable to eat/drink it” among community-dwelling Japanese adults.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Participants comprised 89 men and 124 women aged ≥20 years from Miyagi Prefecture. Participants completed weighed food records (WFRs) for 3 consecutive days per season as reference intake and FFQs in 2019 (FFQ1) and 2021 (FFQ3). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (CCs) were calculated for correlations between food group intakes estimated from the 12-day WFR and FFQ3 (validity), and for correlations between those estimated from the FFQ1 and FFQ3 (reproducibility). Cross-classification according to quintiles using FFQ and WFR data was also performed.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The percentage of participants who chose the “constitutionally unable to eat/drink it” option was non-negligible for some food groups. In the validity analysis, CCs were &gt;0.40 for many food groups; the median across 21 food groups was 0.49 in men and 0.45 in women. The median percentages of cross-classification into exact plus adjacent quintiles were 73.0% in men and 66.9% in women. In the reproducibility analysis, CCs were &gt;0.50 for many food groups; the median across 21 food groups was 0.60 in men and 0.51 in women.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The validity of the TMM-FFQ compared with 12-day WFR and the reproducibility of the TMM-FFQ were reasonable for food groups in the TMM cohort studies.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Understanding of Paternal Involvement in Childcare and Its Impact on Maternal Disciplinary Practices.","authors":"Hong Pan","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal mediation analyses for the natural course of hepatitis C: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Yi-Ting Huang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Hwai-I Yang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Tai-Hsuan Lai, Chien-Jen Chen, Yen-Tsung Huang","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20240034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20240034","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p><b>Background</b></p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a systemic disease. However, the relative contribution of intrahepatic and extrahepatic diseases to mediating HCV-induced mortality is unclear, albeit critical in resource allocation for reducing preventable deaths. To this end, this study comprehensively quantified the extent to which intrahepatic and extrahepatic diseases mediate HCV-induced mortality.</p><p><b>Methods</b></p><p>A community-based cohort study with &gt;25 years of follow-up was conducted in Taiwan. HCV infection was profiled by antibodies against HCV and HCV RNA in participants’ serum samples. The cohort data were linked to Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to determine the incidences of potential mediating diseases and mortality. We employed causal mediation analyses to estimate the mediation effects of HCV on mortality in relation to the incidences of 34 candidate diseases.</p><p><b>Results</b></p><p>In 18,972 participants with 934 HCV infection, we observed that 54.1% of HCV-induced mortality was mediated by intrahepatic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, and 45.9% of mortality was mediated by extrahepatic diseases. The major extrahepatic mediating diseases included septicemia (estimated proportion of HCV-induced mortality mediated through the disease: 25.2%), renal disease (16.7%), blood/immune diseases (12.2%), gallbladder diseases (9.7%), and endocrine diseases (9.6%). In women, hypertension (20.0%), metabolic syndrome (18.9%), and type 2 diabetes (17.0%) also mediated HCV-induced mortality. A dose–response relationship of HCV viral load was further demonstrated for the mediation effect.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>Both intrahepatic and extrahepatic manifestations mediated approximately a half of HCV-induced mortality. The mediation mechanisms are supported by a dose–response relationship of HCV viral load.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}