Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Brief Assessment Tool to Evaluate Early Low Nutrition Risk in Community Elderly. Creation of the tool and examination of its reliability and criterion-related validity.","authors":"Shinkai Shoji, Miki Narita, Hiroshi Murayama, Akihiko Kitamura, Yoshinori Fujiwara","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20240056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20240056","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Background: To date simple assessment tool to evaluate early low nutrition risk in general older population has not been available. This study aimed to create such tool and examined its reliability and criterion-related validity.</p><p>Methods: 1,192 community elderly with a mean age of 74.7(5.8) years responded to a questionnaire consisting of 48 (Hatoyama) or 34 items (Kusatsu), which have been reported to be associated with nutritional state in older people. Item analysis was conducted on the 34 common items, and items were selected based on the following criteria: adequate pass rates and discriminative power, no gender and regional differences, and a certain level of commonality based on factor analysis. Next, the factor structure of the candidate items was examined through exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted as the final scale structure. Furthermore, Spearman’s partial rank correlation coefficients (sex- and age-adjusted) between the created index and important health indicators were examined to determine the criterion-related validity.</p><p>Results: Finally, we obtained a semantic coherence of 4 factors (named health beliefs, dietary status, physical activity, and food-related quality of life) totaling 13 items; confirmatory factor analysis of the 4-factor solution yielded good model fit values, χ² (59) =275.4 (p&lt;0.001), CFI=0.930, and RMSEA=0.056. The factor loadings for each factor ranged from 0.43 to 0.82, indicating adequate loadings. The reliability of the index was shown to be high by Good-Poor analysis and Cronbach's α. The index showed statistically significant correlations with all health indicators.</p><p>Conclusions: We have developed a simple assessment tool to evaluate early low nutrition risk in general older population.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"364 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between the Maternal Pre-pregnancy Platelet Count and Fecundability in Mainland China: A Population-based Cohort Study.","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhu, Jun Zhao, Xiang Hong, Yue Zhang, Xueying Yang, Hongguang Zhang, Rong Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Yan Xuan, Zuoqi Peng, Ya Zhang, Qiaomei Wang, Haiping Shen, Yiping Zhang, Donghai Yan, Xu Ma, Bei Wang","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230191","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, awareness about platelet count (PC) and its consequences for perinatal outcome have increased, but there is little reliable evidence on fecundability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the National Free Pre-conception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government, 5,524,886 couples met the inclusion criteria and were included in this cohort study. Cox regression models were adopted to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pre-pregnancy PC quintiles. Restricted cubic splines were used to flexibly model and visualize the relationship of PC with FRs. Microsoft SQL server and R software were used for data management and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median of pre-pregnancy PC among women was 221.00 × 10⁹/L. The first (<177.00 × 10⁹/L) and second quintile (177.00-207.99 × 10⁹/L) of PC showed slightly increased fecundability (Q1: adjusted FR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.06; Q2: adjusted FR 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05), while higher quintals (Q4: 236.00-271.99 × 10⁹/L; Q5: ≥272.00 × 10⁹/L) were related to reduction of fecundability, when compared with the third quintile of PC (208.00-235.99 × 10⁹/L) (Q4: adjusted FR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97; Q5: adjusted FR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.89). In the first quintiles (<177.00 × 10⁹/L), only 20.93% women had PC below 129.94 × 10⁹/L. An inverse-U-shaped association was consistently observed among women such that the lower PC within the normal range (<118.03 × 10⁹/L) and higher PC (>223.06 × 10⁹/L) were associated with the risk of reduced female fecundability (P for non-linearity < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PC is associated with female fecundability. Further classification of PC levels may deepen our understanding of the early warnings and significance of female fecundability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the Stage Distribution of Colorectal Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Nationwide Hospital-claims Data Analysis.","authors":"Masato Ota, Kohei Taniguchi, Mitsuhiro Asakuma, Sang-Woong Lee, Yuri Ito","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20220347","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20220347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected cancer care. The aim of this study was to clarify the trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) stage distribution in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we used an inpatient medical claims database established at approximately 400 acute care hospitals. From the database, we searched patients who were identified as having the main disease (using International Classification of Diseases, 10^th revision codes [C18.0-C20]) between January 2018 and December 2020. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact of the pandemic on CRC stage distribution each month, and the odds ratio (OR) for late-stage cancer was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 99,992 CRC patients. Logistic regression analysis, including the interaction term between increased late-stage CRC effect during the pandemic period and by each individual month, showed that the OR for late-stage CRC was highest in July during the pandemic, at 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.52) and also significantly higher in September at 1.16 (95% CI, 1.00-1.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We investigated the trend of CRC stage distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic using a nationwide hospital-claims database in Japan and found that the proportion of early-stage cancers tended to decrease temporarily after the state of emergency declaration due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effect was only temporary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Adults: Analysis Based on the JACC Study.","authors":"Akinori Yaegashi, Takashi Kimura, Kenji Wakai, Hiroyasu Iso, Akiko Tamakoshi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230076","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We prospectively examined the associations of total fat and fatty acid intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Japanese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted using data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC). A validated food frequency questionnaire evaluated the intake of total fat and fatty acids. Diabetes was assessed using self-reported data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D across quintiles of total fat and fatty acid intake after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19,088 non-diabetic participants (age range, 40-79 years) enrolled in the JACC between 1988 and 1990 were included in this study. During the 5-year study period, 494 the participants developed T2D. The OR of T2D for the highest versus lowest quintiles was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37-0.90) for total fat, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.51-1.20) for saturated fatty acid (SFA), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.35-0.86) for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39-0.96) for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.99) for n-3 PUFA, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.45-1.09) for n-6 PUFA. Total fat and fatty acid (except SFA and n-6 PUFA) intake were inversely associated with T2D in men. Total fat and fatty acid intake were not associated with T2D in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intakes of total fats, MUFA, PUFA, and n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with T2D among Japanese men.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infantile Peanut Introduction and Peanut Allergy in Regions With a Low Prevalence of Peanut Allergy: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).","authors":"Reiji Kojima, Ryoji Shinohara, Megumi Kushima, Hideki Yui, Sanae Otawa, Sayaka Horiuchi, Kunio Miyake, Hiroshi Yokomichi, Yuka Akiyama, Tadao Ooka, Zentaro Yamagata","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230210","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In regions with a high prevalence of peanut allergy (PA), there is a consensus that the introduction of peanuts in early infancy is preventive against the development of PA. However, few studies have investigated whether the introduction of peanuts to infants is associated with PA in regions with a low prevalence of PA, including Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 74,240 mother-child pairs who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a prospective birth cohort recruited between January 2011 and March 2014. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between infantile peanut introduction and PA at the age of 4 years with non-infantile peanut introduction as the reference group, adjusted for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of infantile peanut introduction was 4.9% (n = 3,294), and 286 (0.4%) participants had allergic symptoms to peanuts at 4 years of age. Of all participants, 129 (0.2%) had PA at 4 years of age, which was defined as allergic symptoms and sensitization to peanuts. Those with infantile peanut introduction had a lower prevalence of PA than those without infantile peanut introduction, although this did not reach statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-1.68). Sensitivity analysis using IgE-mediated symptoms caused by peanuts as the outcome showed a similar result in relation to infantile peanut introduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In countries with a low prevalence of PA, the effect of infantile peanut introduction on PA prevention was unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"324-330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of Dementia in a General Japanese Older Population With Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry: The Hisayama Study.","authors":"Kenji Kawatoko, Yasuyoshi Washio, Tomoyuki Ohara, Satoru Fukuyama, Takanori Honda, Jun Hata, Taro Nakazawa, Keiko Kan-O, Hiromasa Inoue, Koichiro Matsumoto, Tomohiro Nakao, Takanari Kitazono, Isamu Okamoto, Toshiharu Ninomiya","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230207","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies on the association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and dementia are limited. Indeed, PRISm has often been overlooked or ignored as an index of lung function impairment. Therefore, we investigated the association of PRISm with the risk for the development of dementia in an older Japanese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,202 community-dwelling, older Japanese participants aged ≥65 years without dementia were followed up for a median of 5.0 years. Participants were categorized by spirometry as follows: normal spirometry (FEV₁/FVC ≥0.70 and FEV₁ ≥80% predicted), PRISm (≥0.70 and <80%), airflow limitation (AFL) Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1 (<0.70 and ≥80%), and AFL GOLD 2 to 4 (<0.70 and <80%). Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period, 122 participants developed dementia. The age- and sex-adjusted incidences of dementia in the participants with normal spirometry, PRISm, AFL GOLD 1, and AFL GOLD 2 to 4 were 20.5, 37.0, 18.4, and 28.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Participants with PRISm had a higher risk of dementia (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.19-3.49) than those with normal spirometry after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, both reduced FEV₁% predicted values and FVC% predicted values were associated with the risk of dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRISm was associated with an increased risk of dementia in a general older Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Death Locations in Japan: An Analysis of Excess Mortality Through February 2023.","authors":"Shuhei Nomura, Marisa Nishio, Sarah Krull Abe, Akifumi Eguchi, Manami Inoue, Motoi Suzuki, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230235","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted end-of-life decisions for cancer patients in Japan, with disparities existing between preferred and actual care settings. Our study investigates the potential shifts in cancer death locations during the pandemic and if there were excess cancer deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing national mortality data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare from January 2012 to February 2023, we identified cancer deaths using International Classification of Disease, 10^th revision codes. We assessed death locations, including medical institutions, nursing facilities, and homes. The Farrington algorithm was employed to estimate expected death counts, and the differences between observed and expected counts were denoted as excess deaths.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 2018 to February 2023, there was consistently increase in the weekly observed cancer deaths. The presence of a definitive excess during the pandemic period remains uncertain. The percentage of deaths in medical institutions declined from 83.3% to 70.1%, while home deaths increased from 12.1% to 22.9%. Between April 2020 and February 2023, deaths in medical institutions frequently fell below the 95% prediction lower limit. Home deaths consistently exceeded the 95% prediction upper limit, with significant excess deaths reported annually.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found a shift in cancer death locations from medical institutions to homes in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study did not confirm an overall increase in cancer deaths during this period. As with global trends, the profound shift from hospitals to homes in Japan calls for a comprehensive exploration to grasp the pandemic's multifaceted impact on end-of-life cancer care decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"349-355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49690826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Birth Weight and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Other Lifestyle-related Diseases Among the Japanese Population: The JPHC-NEXT Study.","authors":"Keisuke Yoshii, Naho Morisaki, Aurélie Piedvache, Shinya Nakada, Kazuhiko Arima, Kiyoshi Aoyagi, Hiroki Nakashima, Nobufumi Yasuda, Isao Muraki, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Isao Saito, Tadahiro Kato, Kozo Tanno, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230045","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood has been observed in many countries; however, only a few studies have been conducted in Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the baseline survey (2011-2016) of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation Cohort, which included 114,105 participants aged 40-74 years. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the prevalence of present and past histories of CVD and other lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gout, by birth weight, using Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of CVD increased with lower birth weight, with the highest prevalence among those with birth weight under 1,500 grams (males 4.6%; females 1.7%) and the lowest one among those with birth weight at or over 4,000 g (males 3.7%: females 0.8%). Among 88,653 participants (41,156 males and 47,497 females) with complete data on possible confounders, birth weight under 1,500 g was associated with a higher prevalence of CVD (aPR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.37-2.26), hypertension (aPR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.42), and diabetes (aPR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.86) when a birth weight of 3,000-3,999 grams was used as the reference. Weaker associations were observed for birth weight of 1,500-2,499 grams and 2,500-2,999 grams, while no significant associations were observed for birth weight at or over 4,000 grams. The association between birth weight and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was less profound, and no significant association was observed between birth weight and gout.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower birth weight was associated with a higher prevalence of CVD, hypertension, and diabetes in the Japanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Awareness of Limiting Food Intake and All-cause Mortality: A Cohort Study in Japan.","authors":"Daisaku Nishimoto, Rie Ibusuki, Ippei Shimoshikiryo, Kenichi Shibuya, Shiroh Tanoue, Chihaya Koriyama, Toshiro Takezaki, Isao Oze, Hidemi Ito, Asahi Hishida, Takashi Tamura, Yasufumi Kato, Yudai Tamada, Yuichiro Nishida, Chisato Shimanoe, Sadao Suzuki, Takeshi Nishiyama, Etsuko Ozaki, Satomi Tomida, Kiyonori Kuriki, Naoko Miyagawa, Keiko Kondo, Kokichi Arisawa, Takeshi Watanabe, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Jun Otonari, Kenji Wakai, Keitaro Matsuo","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20220354","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20220354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving diets requires an awareness of the need to limit foods for which excessive consumption is a health problem. Since there are limited reports on the link between this awareness and mortality risk, we examined the association between awareness of limiting food intake (energy, fat, and sweets) and all-cause mortality in a Japanese cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants comprised 58,772 residents (27,294 men; 31,478 women) aged 35-69 years who completed baseline surveys of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study from 2004 to 2014. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by sex using a Cox proportional hazard model, with adjustment for related factors. Mediation analysis with fat intake as a mediator was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up period was 11 years, and 2,516 people died. Estimated energy and fat intakes according to the Food Frequency Questionnaire were lower in those with awareness of limiting food intake than in those without this awareness. Women with awareness of limiting fat intake showed a significant decrease in mortality risk (HR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94). Mediation analysis revealed that this association was due to the direct effect of the awareness of limiting fat intake and that the total effect was not mediated by actual fat intake. Awareness of limiting energy or sweets intake was not related to mortality risk reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Awareness of limiting food intake had a limited effect on reducing all-cause mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Against Infection, Symptomatic Infection, and Hospitalization Among Older Adults Aged ≥65 Years During the Delta Variant Predominance in Japan: The VENUS Study.","authors":"Wataru Mimura, Chieko Ishiguro, Junko Terada-Hirashima, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Shuntaro Sato, Yurika Kawazoe, Megumi Maeda, Fumiko Murata, Haruhisa Fukuda","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230106","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalization in older people during the Delta-predominant period (July 1 to September 30, 2021).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a population-based cohort study in an older adult population aged ≥65 years using data from the Vaccine Effectiveness, Networking, and Universal Safety Study conducted from January 1, 2019, to September 30, 2021, in Japan. We matched BNT162b2-vaccinated and -unvaccinated individuals in a 1:1 ratio on the date of vaccination of the vaccinated individual. We evaluated the effectiveness of the vaccine against infection, symptomatic infection, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related hospitalization by comparing the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. We estimated the risk ratio and risk difference using the Kaplan-Meier method with inverse probability weighting. The vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - risk ratio) × 100%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 203,574 matched pairs aged ≥65 years. At 7 days after the second dose, the vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalization was 78.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.2-87.8%), 79.1% (95% CI, 64.6-88.9%), and 93.5% (95% CI, 83.7-100%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BNT162b2 was highly effective against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalization in Japan's older adult population aged ≥65 years during the Delta-predominant period.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41128620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}