Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the antitrypsin activity and immunoglobulin G concentration in equine colostrum and milk","authors":"S. Böckmann ,&nbsp;L. Trzebiatowski ,&nbsp;P. Georgiev ,&nbsp;K. Büttner ,&nbsp;A. Wehrend","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immunoglobulins ingested via colostrum must remain intact to be absorbed by the neonate. Equine colostrum contains antitrypsin activity, which likely protects these proteins from proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>To quantify antitrypsin activity in equine colostrum and milk, describe its temporal changes during the first five days after parturition, compare actitvity between left and right mammary glands, evaluate differences between nulliparous and pluriparous mares, and examine associations with immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and mare age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 67 mares after 73 parturitions, yielding 145 colostrum samples and 207 milk samples. Samples were obtained from both mammary glands when available. Antitrypsin activity was measured using a colorimetric trypsin inhibition assay, and IgG concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results are reported as median and range.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median antitrypsin activity in colostrum was higher in nulliparous mares (1.09, range 0.65) than in pluriparous mares (0.78, range 0.72). Activity declined over five days postpartum (median 0.49, range 0.81). No differences were observed between left and right mammary glands. Colostral antitrypsin activity correlated strongly with IgG concentration (rs = 0.77), whereas no correlation was detected in milk (rs = −0.04). Mare age was not associated with colostral antitrypsin activity (rs = −0.09).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Antitrypsin activity in equine colostrum is highest immediately postpartum, particularly in nulliparous mares, and is closely associated with IgG concentrations. These results suggest that antitrypsin activity contributes to the protection of IgG during intestinal absorption and should be considered when assessing colostrum quality for neonatal care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress in the newborn foal: a multibiomarker approach","authors":"F. Bindi,&nbsp;D. Cingottini,&nbsp;B. Sorvillo,&nbsp;G. Sala,&nbsp;L. De Marchi,&nbsp;G. Monni,&nbsp;S. Celardo,&nbsp;F. Bonelli,&nbsp;M. Sgorbini","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the perinatal period, neonates experience a sudden increase in oxygen exposure, predisposing them to oxidative stress.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This prospective, in vivo study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in healthy neonatal foals during the first 48 hours of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten Standardbred foals were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at birth, 24 hours, and 48 hours after birth and analyzed for biomarkers using spectrophotometry assays. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests and linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed significant differences in arylesterase (AREase), paraoxonase (POase), butyrylcholinesterase (BTChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) over time, with POase increasing and the other enzymes decreasing over time. There were no significant changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity over time. No correlations were found between biomarkers and blood glucose or lactate at birth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that healthy foals undergo rapid postnatal changes in their redox balance, characterized by dynamic changes in specific antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers. This study highlights the need for further research to investigate the evolution of oxidative stress biomarkers after 48 hours of life and their possible clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readers Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0737-0806(26)00062-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0737-0806(26)00062-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of melatonin on inflammatory cytokine profiles in 24-hour cultured equine uterine explants’","authors":"Murilo F. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Adriana P. Neves ,&nbsp;Rogério Ferreira ,&nbsp;Gilson A. Pessoa ,&nbsp;Denise N. Araujo ,&nbsp;Guilherme V. de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Melatonin has demonstrated beneficial effects in regulating inflammatory processes in various tissues, but its role in mare uterine physiology remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To investigate the effects of melatonin on the gene expression of cytokines (<em>IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α</em>) in equine uterine explants cultured for 6, 12, or 24 hours.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was divided into two experiments. Part 1 aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of melatonin at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM on endometrial cells. Part 2 aimed to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines in uterine explants. In Part 2, fifty-four uterine explants were cultured in vitro in William’s medium, supplemented with melatonin (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) or a no-melatonin control (MEL0), with or without sperm-induced inflammation (denoted as MEL0.5+, MEL1.0+, MEL0+ or MEL0.5-, MEL1.0-, MEL0-, respectively) at 6, 12, or 24 hours of culture under 5 % O₂ and CO₂.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative cytokine gene expression did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments or time points, except for <em>IL-1β</em> at 24 hours, where MEL0- showed higher expression than both MEL0.5- and MEL0.5+. No other treatment comparisons reached statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that melatonin did not exert measurable anti-inflammatory effects in sperm-exposed uterine explants within a 24-hour culture period. Future studies should explore longer culture durations or alternative inflammatory stimuli, such lipopolysaccharides to further elucidate melatonin the potential immunomodulatory role in the equine endometrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145944555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial contamination of covered versus non-covered plates in a sterile operating room in an equine referral center","authors":"Kathryn Dersch,&nbsp;Amanda Kreuder,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Jarrod Troy","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common postoperative complication of equine orthopedic surgery and often increase morbidity and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine if covering surgical instruments during surgery decreased bacterial environmental air contamination during early opening of surgical packs (EOSP). The authors hypothesized that covering instruments with sterile surgical towels would reduce the total number of bacterial colonies to which the instruments were exposed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood agar plates (BAP) were allocated into two groups (non-covered vs. covered with a sterile huck towel), tested in triplicate, and were exposed to environmental operating room air on sterile surgical instrument tables during 6 orthopedic procedures. Exposure time points for BAP groups were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min; the 120 min time point was used for bacterial speciation to identify the most common bacteria colonies present.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-covered BAP contained more colonies than covered at 30 [mean non-covered colonies ± standard deviation; 7.9 ± 7.2], 60 [11±7.9], 90 [16.7 ± 11.3], and 120 [20.3 ± 14.7] min (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Gram-positive coccus were the most identified bacteria during speciation, however, many of the bacterial species identified are not commonly reported in equine postoperative SSI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that covering instruments with a sterile huck towel may reduce bacterial air contamination from 30 to 120 min of operating time. Covering surgical instruments with a sterile towel or drape may aid in reducing bacterial contamination or colony counts when utilizing EOSP in equine surgical cases. Future studies aiming to correlate air contamination with equine SSI would be beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of hay nets and slow feeders as feeding methods in horse management: A semi-systematic review","authors":"Joyce Amaje ,&nbsp;Sarah Upton ,&nbsp;Umaru Musa Garba ,&nbsp;Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hay nets and slow feeders are designed to mimic natural grazing by prolonging forage intake, thereby supporting digestive health and reducing stress-related behaviours. Their design and use, however, can influence effectiveness and may introduce risks.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This semi-systematic review evaluated the use of hay nets and slow feeders in feeding horses, focusing on their impact on feeding time, behaviour, forage management and health management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A semi-systematic search across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus identified 26 full-text studies published between 2009 and 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that horse feeding time was extended by 40% depending on mesh size, multi-layered nets, and forage type, with ponies generally experiencing greater extended feeding time than horses. Slow feeders consistently reduced forage wastage from 57% to as low as 6%, with economic analyses suggesting potential recovery of the purchasing cost for the feeding device within a year. Behavioural benefits included reductions in cribbing, and weaving, although overly restrictive designs sometimes provoked frustration, pawing, or net flinging. Ground-based slow feeders encouraged a natural head-down posture, whereas elevated nets increased neck tension and pulling force, raising concerns about musculoskeletal strain. Dental impacts appeared minimal, but long-term outcomes remain unclear. For weight and metabolic health, some studies reported net-fed horses losing 20-23 kg compared with weight gain in floor-fed controls, while others found no changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, hay nets and slow feeders provide clear welfare and management benefits, but design and application must balance efficiency with equine wellbeing. Further research should refine their use across breeds, management systems, and individual horse need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transdermal melatonin on circulating cortisol and blood chemistry in horses exposed to transport stress","authors":"W.L. Crossland ,&nbsp;E.O. Aviles-Rosa ,&nbsp;E.B. Perry ,&nbsp;C. Crowell ,&nbsp;E. Webberson ,&nbsp;J. Brown ,&nbsp;J. Fassbender","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our objective was to evaluate the effect of transdermal melatonin on physiological stress biomarkers in horses, with some subjected to transport stress. Sixteen horses were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design assessing treatment (melatonin vs. no melatonin) and transport status (transported vs. non-transported), creating four groups: Control (CON), Transport only (TRS), Melatonin only (MEL), and Melatonin plus Transport (MELTRS). Horses in melatonin groups received 24 mg/day transdermally for 21 days and transported groups underwent a 3-hour trailer ride on day 21. Day 21 blood samples were analyzed for cortisol, melatonin, and standard blood chemistry parameters. There was no interaction of Transport and Melatonin. Fixed effect of transport significantly elevated cortisol, glucose, direct bilirubin, and sodium-to-potassium ratios (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.039). Fixed effect of melatonin significantly reduced cortisol levels (<em>P</em> = 0.029). Results suggest transdermal melatonin may reduce cortisol and potentially mitigate transport-induced stress, though further studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine sediment characterisation in physically healthy adult jennies (Equus asinus). A cross-sectional study","authors":"I.M. Țăpuc ,&nbsp;A.N. Mureșan ,&nbsp;M. Mircean ,&nbsp;I. Papuc","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urinalysis is a valuable, non-invasive method for evaluating renal function, yet data on donkey urinary parameters remain scarce. This study characterised urinary sediment in fifty-four healthy adult jennies, established urine specific gravity (USG) reference intervals, and proposed a preliminary semi-quantitative sediment grading scale. Urine samples were collected via catheterisation and analysed using refractometry, dipstick testing, and microscopy. The median USG was 1.048 (IQR: 1.040–1.055) with a pH of 7.6 (IQR: 7.2–8.0). Leukocytes and glucose were absent; erythrocytes were found in one sample. Calcium carbonate crystals were present in all samples, followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate (74.07%), mucus filaments (66.67%), and epithelial cells (57.41%). Granular casts were observed in 27.77% and hyaline casts in 7.41% of samples.</div><div>Healthy jennies show USG values similar to horses. Urinary sediment had abundant calcium carbonate and notable calcium oxalate crystals. These findings establish baseline sediment profiles and support the future validation of a grading scale for sediment evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics prescribing patterns and association with system-specific pathologies in equine veterinary practice: Insights from a 12-year study at a veterinary teaching hospital","authors":"M. Vernaccini,&nbsp;L. de Marchi,&nbsp;F. Bindi,&nbsp;V. Meucci,&nbsp;G. Sala,&nbsp;D. Cingottini,&nbsp;M. Sgorbini","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2026.105779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antibiotics are essential in veterinary medicine, enhancing animal health and welfare. However, widespread use contributes to resistance, increasing the risk of treatment failure and the transmission to humans.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>Analyze antibiotic prescribing practices in an equine internal medicine unit, focusing on factors influencing use, particularly Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials (HPCIAs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>1315 adult equids, including horses, donkeys and mules, presented for different diseases to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Pisa from 2011 to 2023. Retrospective study focused on the prudent antibiotics use in equids. Medical records were reviewed, and data were extracted from the VTH management system, including antimicrobial class, patient characteristics, and body system/system-specific pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Antibiotic use varied significantly across system-specific pathology (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with highest usage in integumentary, ocular, and respiratory conditions. Aminoglycosides were the most frequently administered class, followed by tetracyclines and fixed-dose combinations (preparations containing two or more antimicrobial active ingredients). Over time, antibiotic class usage shifted significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Ceftiofur and gentamicin were used in pneumonia and pleuropneumonia, oxytetracycline was mainly used for piroplasmosis, and tobramycin for corneal ulcers. Combination therapy, particularly gentamicin-ceftiofur, was most commonly used for respiratory infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Antibiotic prescribing patterns in equine practice are heterogeneous and directly linked to system-specific pathologies. The observed use of HPCIAs, coupled with the dominance of aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, highlights areas where prescribing practices could be optimized. These results suggest the relevance of developing and implementing targeted Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) strategies, focusing on evidence-based diagnostics and educational programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of cholesterol linked to cyclodextrin in processing of cryopreserved equine spermatozoa and addition of motility stimulants post-thaw","authors":"V.M.T. Vilela ,&nbsp;B.M. Zutter ,&nbsp;L.L.O. Gomes ,&nbsp;D.F. Silva ,&nbsp;J.H.W. Diniz ,&nbsp;Y.F.R. Sancler-Silva ,&nbsp;F.S. Ignácio ,&nbsp;F.O. Papa ,&nbsp;G.A. Monteiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) before cryopreservation and the use of FertTalp (FT) after thawing on the structural and functional quality of equine spermatozoa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two ejaculates from twelve stallions were divided into four groups: G1 (0 mg CLC), G2 (1.0 mg), G3 (1.5 mg), and G4 (2.0 mg). Post-thaw semen quality was evaluated through computer-assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Experiment I, supplementation with 1.5 mg (G3) significantly improved total motility (64.9 ± 10.1 %) and progressive motility (40.5 ± 8.8 %) compared with the control group (G1) (55.5 ± 15.7 % and 31.9 ± 10.8 %; P &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed for mitochondrial potential or membrane lipid disorder. Cholesterol supplementation did not influence overall longevity during the thermoresistance test, although G3 maintained higher velocity parameters (VSL, VCL, VAP) at several time points compared with G2 (P &lt; 0.05). In Experiment II, FT did not alter sperm kinetics during the first 40 min after thawing; however, at 80 and 120 min, FT-treated samples presented higher proportions of rapid spermatozoa, greater VSL and VAP, and increased linearity (P &lt; 0.05). FT also increased the proportion of viable spermatozoa without intracellular H₂O₂, although the magnitude of this effect was small.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supplementation with 1.5 mg of CLC before freezing improved initial post-thaw motility without affecting mitochondrial activity or membrane organization. Post-thaw FT enhanced velocity-related parameters and supported sperm functional longevity. The combined approach may represent a practical strategy to optimize the post-thaw performance of stallion semen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 105760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}