Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Increasing stallion sperm membrane cholesterol improves cold shock resistance and cryosurvival of stallion sperm","authors":"M. Cittone,&nbsp;P. Razquin,&nbsp;J. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane cholesterol levels affect the fluidity and stability of membranes, particularly when membranes are cooled. Sperm from species resistant to cold shock (human and rabbit sperm) typically have higher cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios (0.88-0.99) compared to the ratios (0.38-0.45) of sperm that are sensitive to cold shock (stallion, bull and ram sperm; Darin-Bennet and White, Cryobiology. 1977; 14:466-470). Cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins (CLC) have been used to increase the cryosurvival rates of sperm from many species, however, little is known regarding whether a unique cholesterol/phospholipid ratio is required to ameliorate cold shock and freezing damage or if adding cholesterol alone is sufficient to eliminate this damage. Two experiments were conducted to determine how much cholesterol must be added to stallion sperm in order for them to survive cold shock and to survive cryopreservation. Stallion sperm were centrifuged, the pellet resuspended in modified Whitten's medium (MW) and split into 8 fractions. Each fraction was then treated with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 or 1.8 mg CLC for 10 min. In Experiment 1, the samples were plunged in ice water (0°C) for 30 min before assessing motility, for cold shock damage. In Experiment 2, the same treatments were split into two groups: one was frozen in MW with glycerol (N=6), and one frozen in lactose EDTA (LEDTA) extender (N=10) and the post-thaw motility evaluated for each treatment. After cold shock (experiment 1) control sperm exhibited lower motility (8%) than sperm treated with any level of CLC (39-59%; P&lt;0.05). In experiment 2, sperm treated with &gt;1mg CLC showed a trend towards higher post-thaw motility over control sperm, after sperm were frozen in MW (30% vs 10%; P&lt;0.05) or LEDTA (62% vs 42%; P&gt;0.05). Cells frozen in MW exhibited lower percentages of motile sperm (17-27%) than sperm frozen in LEDTA (44-48% P&lt;0.05) when treated with 0 or 0.2mg CLC. Sperm treated with ≥ 0.4mg CLC exhibited similar motility, whether frozen in MW or LEDTA, although cells frozen in MW tended to have lower motility (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion when cholesterol is sufficiently high in stallion sperm membranes, cold shock damage can be eliminated, however egg yolk appears to provide additional cryoprotection to sperm than CLC's alone, especially at low CLC levels. Potential sources of cell damage during cryopreservation include more than just membrane damage, as cryopreservation induces osmotic changes that affect sperm volume, as well as damage to the cytoskeleton, and mitochondria, that CLC do not interact with.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ozone gas on stallion semen","authors":"M.T. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;P.J. Ferraz ,&nbsp;L.B.M. Rosa ,&nbsp;V.L.T. Jesus ,&nbsp;V.S. Freitas ,&nbsp;H.S. da Costa Souza ,&nbsp;A.C. De Oliveira Andrade ,&nbsp;F.B. Knackfuss ,&nbsp;J.C.F. Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In horses, the addition of a low dose of ozone (O3) can improve some sperm parameters in fresh, cooled, and frozen semen. There is, however, also evidence that addition of ozone decreases the quality of frozen-thawed semen (Pereira et al. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2022; 108; Macedo et al. Animal Reproduction. 2021; 18). The oxidative effect of O3 compromises the integrity of the cell wall of bacteria, destabilizing the phospholipids and lipoproteins of the membrane. In fungi, O3 inhibits cell division at certain stages (Elvis et al. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 2011; 27:1-11). This study aimed to evaluate the sperm quality of fresh and cooled stallion semen and a potential reduction of bacterial and fungal contamination of semen at different O3 concentrations. Eight ejaculates from four stallions were used and subjected to semen evaluation and bacterial and fungal culture before and after exposure to O3 and divided into groups: fresh semen G1: 2ml semen; G2: 2ml semen, and 2ml O3 2µg/ml; G3: 2ml semen and 2ml O3 6µg/ml; G4: 2ml semen and 2ml O3 15µg/ml; and group with diluted semen (2ml semen and 2 ml extender Botusemen^Ⓡ): G5:no O3; G6: 4ml diluted semen and 4ml O3 2µg/ml; G7: 4ml diluted semen and 4ml O3 6µg/ml; G8: 4ml diluted semen and 4ml O3 15µg/ml. The semen was mixed with ozone in a 10ml syringe and shaken with 60 sucking movements. The parameters assessed were motility, vigor, plasma membrane integrity, and sperm pathology, as well as bacterial and fungal culture. The diluted semen was stored at 5°C for 24 and 48 hours and evaluated. All evaluations were carried out via iSPERM^Ⓡ, and there were no changes in sperm characteristics. To check the integrity of the plasma membrane, a drop of semen and a drop of Botuvital (Eosin-nigrosin) were used, then examined under oil immersion at 1000 x magnification using a standard optical microscope, and vigor (1 to 5) at 100 x magnification using a standard optical microscope. For the statistical analysis, ANOVA was carried out with a 0.05% significance level. No statistical difference (p=0.59) was found between the different concentrations of ozone for fresh, diluted, and refrigerated semen in the evaluations of motility, vigor, sperm membrane integrity, and sperm pathology. The fractions tested for G1, G2, and G3 were found to have gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial growth but no fungal growth. There was no bacterial growth in groups G4, G5, G6, G7, and G8 as well as in the refrigerated groups. It can be concluded that ozone at 15µg/ml was able to inhibit bacterial growth as well as diluted semen which has antibiotics in its composition. Ozone could be an alternative to reduce antibiotics in semen, as it has a positive effect with regard to antimicrobial control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the lipid profile of the equine sperm plasma membrane","authors":"D. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;C. Ramires Neto ,&nbsp;C. Freitas-Dell'Aqua ,&nbsp;K.R. Belaz ,&nbsp;D. Zampieri ,&nbsp;A. Tata ,&nbsp;M.N. Eberlin ,&nbsp;F.F. de Souza ,&nbsp;F.O. Papa ,&nbsp;J.A. Dell'Aqua Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding sperm lipidomics is essential to better understand the changes that the sperm membrane undergoes during the cryopreservation process of stallion semen. The permeability of the sperm membrane is linked to and influenced by its lipid composition. The identification of lipids present in the sperm membrane can provide crucial information for better sperm quality after thawing. The objective of this study is to identify and compare the lipid profile of the plasma membrane from stallion sperm resistant (GOOD) and sensitive (BAD) to injuries resulting from the semen freezing process. The semen of 16 stallions was evaluated and classified (Hartwig.et.al. Theriogenology. 2014:81(2):340-6) in two groups: GOOD (n=8) and BAD (n=8). The lipidomic profile of spermatozoa was performed with MALDI-MS with no addition of an extender and with the removal of seminal plasma. The analysis was performed with MetaboAnalyst 2.0 and the discriminating analysis of PLS-DA to demonstrate the variation between BAD and GOOD. The lipid types that were differentially expressed used test T and The Volcano plot was used to compare groups, using the following criteria values of P〈 0.05 and fold-change (FC) ≥1,5. Lipids can affect cellular function depending on their structure and composition. 164 lipids were identified, of which 11 showed differences between the groups, 4 of them with greater abundance in the BAD group: 3 were identified, being glycerophosphoserines, [PS 0-42:5 +109Ag]+, Cholesterol and derivatives [ST 29:3;O +107Ag]+ and the ion 924.4688 m/z could be glycerophosphocholines [PC 29:7 +107Ag]+ or glycerophosphoethanolamine [PE 42:7 +107Ag]+, 424.1616 m/z was not identified. The other 7 showed greater abundance in the group GOOD: 3 glycerophosphoinositols [LPI 18:0 +Na]+, [PI 34:5 +2Na]+, [PI 30:3;O2 +2Na]2+; 2 glycerophosphoserine [PS 35:6 +K]+ and [PS O-38:7 +K]+; and 2 could be glycerophosphocholines: [PC O-29:1+107Ag]+ and [LPC 14:1 +2Na-H]+) or glycerophosphoethanolamines: [PE O-32:1+107Ag]+ and [LPE 17:1+2Na-H]+, respectively 782.4298 m/z and 510.2550 m/z. Spermatozoa in BAD group demonstrated high abundance in lipids with very-long-chain (29-42) and polyunsaturated (3-7 double bonds). While good freezer animals showed greater abundance mainly for glycerophosphoinositols, this family of lipids may be related to greater protection of plasma membrane stability as it is a modulator of the actin cytoskeleton (Corda.et.al. Cellular and Molecular. Life Sciences 2009:66:3449–67). In conclusion, the lipid composition of the sperm membrane differs between stallions with poor and good refrigeration, interfering with sperm quality after thawing, and a good understanding of the lipid composition becomes essential for improving semen, making more research necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostanoids as markers of oxidative stress in stallion semen","authors":"K. Gallacher ,&nbsp;E. Noschka ,&nbsp;M. Mihm Carmichael ,&nbsp;T. Rozek ,&nbsp;J.M. Galano ,&nbsp;T. Durand ,&nbsp;C. Oger ,&nbsp;S.A. Barnes","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial insemination is vital for the equine breeding industry, but standard semen assessment before processing does not reliably predict semen quality after chilled storage. Reducing storage temperature can induce oxidative stress (OS) in spermatozoa in turn reducing fertilizing potential by damaging sperm membranes through lipid peroxidation. Isoprostanes have emerged as established biomarkers for lipid peroxidation and are generated in OS associated pathologies. A full prostanoid (isoprostanes, prostaglandins, and their metabolites) profile of stallion seminal plasma has never been compared to the ability to endure reduced temperatures associated with the chilling process. Semen from 9 stallions was collected with an artificial vagina and extended to achieve 25-35 × 106 sperm/ml using EquiPlus, followed by measuring total (TM) and progressive motility (PM) via CASA, viability (V) with a nucleocounter, DNA integrity (DI) using a DNA integrity kit, and the number of sperm morphological defects using eosin-nigrosin staining. Extended semen aliquots were prepared at 24°C and underwent passive cooling to be stored at 5°C for repeat evaluations every 24h. Aliquots of raw (time 0 after collection) and extended (time 0, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h) semen were centrifuged, and seminal plasma (SP) rich samples were stored at -80°C for prostanoid extraction and identification (n = 13) via chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (6500+ Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer - Applied Biosystems Sciex, Australia). Stallion ejaculates were categorised by their chilling ability (good chillers had &gt;30% PM, n=5, poor chillers had &lt;30% PM, n=4, after 24h cooling, recognised as being indicative of fertilising ability), and effects of semen characteristics and chilling ability on SP prostanoid concentrations were analysed. Viability (P&lt;0.05), TM and PM (P&lt;0.01) were higher on 0h than 24h and 48h in all samples. However, TM, PM, DNA integrity or viability did not differ between good or poor chillers at 0h, yet TM, PM, and viability were lower in poor compared to good chillers at 24h and 48h (P&lt;0.001). Across all timepoints, 8-F3t-IsoP negatively correlated to PM (R=-0.33; P&lt;0.05), 8-iso PGF2α positively correlated to DNA integrity (R=0.45), and 20-F4t-NeuroP positively correlated to viability (R=0.38; P&lt;0.05). At 24h 5-F2t-IsoP, a classic marker for OS, was higher in SP from poor compared to good chillers (P=0.039) confirmed by the strong negative correlation with chilling ability (R=-0.772; P=0.015). Thus, we present preliminary data to identify four prostanoids in SP that correlate with functional sperm parameters before and during cooling, suggesting individual prostanoids may be predictive SP biomarkers for processed and chilled equine ejaculate quality. Further studies will continue to characterise key prostanoids as OS markers in ejaculates and may allow development of targeted novel OS biosensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: ampullitis in Colombian Creole horse stallion","authors":"C.A. Camacho Rozo ,&nbsp;J. Perez-Osorio ,&nbsp;A. Paredes Cañon ,&nbsp;C. Jimenez Escobar ,&nbsp;J. Zambrano-Varón ,&nbsp;H. Lozano ,&nbsp;F. Soauza","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical ampullitis in stallions is uncommon, but most likely underdiagnosed during reproductive routine examinations. This condition can significantly decrease stallion fertility and may lead to intrauterine infections in broodmares, compromising reproductive health and early embryo development, and generating substantial economic losses. This report describes a case of an 11-year-old Colombian creole horse stallion with a history of a progressive decrease in fertility and semen color change. When mares were bred, they exhibited low pregnancy rates and early embryonic losses. The stallion was housed with ad libitum access to hay, mineralized salt, water, and grain thrice daily, and was up to date on vaccinations and deworming. Routine semen collections were performed three times a week, and training occurred five times weekly. Routine collection was paused during competitions. Initial breeding soundness evaluations revealed no abnormalities in external genitals or sexual behavior. The microscopic assessment of the semen samples revealed oligospermia, teratospermia, and complete asthenospermia, with the presence of polymorphonuclear cells. Ultrasound and transrectal palpation showed enlarged seminal ampullae (mean 3.4 cm) with signs of pain. Ultrasonographic examination indicated increased echogenicity and distention suggesting fluid accumulation in the ampulla seminalis. Subsequent semen collections resulted in azoospermia and samples showed signs of inflammation. Differential diagnoses included seminal ampulla blockage, ampullitis, and testicular degeneration. Following treatment with oxytocin and cloprostenol, and based on laboratory findings, a definitive diagnosis of ampullitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae was established. Treatment consisted of ceftiofur 5 mg/kg, IM, for 5 days, pentoxifylline 2.4 g/day for 60 days, and Firocoxib orally (57 mg daily) for 30 days. Antibiotic treatment was repeated fifteen days after starting the medication. The stallion showed progressive improvement in reproductive performance, with slight recovery in motility and morphology. After six months, semen characteristics were considerably improved (total motility ≥60 and normal morphology ≥60), and insemination of mares resulted in 7 pregnancies (4 embryos) in the first month. The following eight months, the stallion produced 9 pregnancies by embryo transfer with no complications. Interaction between medications likely generated reproductive favorable outcome. In conclusion, this case highlights the necessity for thorough examinations when evaluating stallion fertility issues, particularly the assessment of accessory glands to avoid underdiagnosis of ampullitis. Early detection and appropriate treatment of such cases can improve fertility outcomes in stallions and reduce economic impacts in breeding operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal eye (vitreous body) to predict parturition in bucking horse mares","authors":"S.W. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;B.M.K. Espy ,&nbsp;D. Stefanovski ,&nbsp;R.M. Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring gestation and predicting parturition in mares with unknown breeding dates is challenging, especially in pasture bred herds of bucking horses. Transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of fetal vitreous body length is a validated predictor of foaling dates, but previous research suggested a need for breed-specific parameters to develop accurate indices for respective breeds. This study aimed to develop a scale associating fetal vitreous body length with days before parturition (DBP) in bucking horses. Biannual data collection over 2 years identified 199 pregnancies out of 240 reproductive examinations, of which 155 fetal eyes were successfully identified and measured (78 %). Foaling dates confirmed for 131 successful fetal eye examinations (<em>n</em> = 131) enabled DBP calculation. A single transrectal ultrasonographic measurement was collected of the length of the fetal eye measured to the maximum dimensions of the vitreous body at the level of the lens, ranging from 9 to 35 mm. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression methodology yielded the curvilinear equation DBP= -0.163(fetal eye length measurement in mm) ² + 268.949 (<em>r</em> = 0.881, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, concordance=0.994, average difference -0.077±17.214 days), which accurately calculates DBP in bucking horses based on transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal eye. Although this newly developed equation is similar to a previously reported equation for use in small ponies, applying the equation used for DBP prediction in small ponies to bucking horse pregnancies resulted in a small, but significant underestimation in predicting bucking horse DBP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue “equine science society symposia 2023 articles”","authors":"Shannon Pratt-Phillips ,&nbsp;Sarah H White-Springer","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of ozonized autohemotherapy at acupuncture points on stallion sperm quality","authors":"J.C. Ferraz Jacob ,&nbsp;P. Junqueira Ferraz ,&nbsp;L. Bastos Mello Rosa ,&nbsp;H. Siqueira da Costa e Souza ,&nbsp;M. Tainá Resende Ribeiro ,&nbsp;A.C. Oliveira de Andrade ,&nbsp;V. Souza de Freitas ,&nbsp;F. Batalha Knackfuss ,&nbsp;V.L. Teixeira de Jesus ,&nbsp;J.G. Fernandes Joaquim","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is estimated that 30-40% of stallions in commercial breeding programs are moderately fertile and at least 8-12% are subfertile. Within the latter category, 0.5-3% suffer from severe subfertility (pregnancy rate of less than 10%/cycle). Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of sperm dysfunction and male infertility, negatively affecting the structure and function integrity of sperm. Autologous blood injection is an empirical treatment technique for autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. In acupuncture, hemotherapy or hemopuncture has been performed on specific points such as Be23, Be26, Bai Hui, P1, thyroid, etc. to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. Ozone therapy is a complementary therapy technique that uses a mixture of oxygen and ozone (95%-99.95% oxygen and 0.05%-5% ozone). The therapeutic window varies in concentrations from 10 to 60μg/ml. It produces immunomodulation, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal effects. The effects produced by O3 are due to its mechanism of action which stems from moderate and transient oxidative stress, which induces the activation of second messengers such as nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, which will increase the synthesis of different antioxidant enzymes with a consequent increase in the body's total antioxidant capacity. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of blood therapy with ozone administered by different routes in a stallion with poor seminal quality, to later assess its influence on sperm motility, vigor, concentration, volume, and pathology. A stallion with poor semen quality was used and 5 semen samples were collected every two days, with average parameters of motility 31%, vigor 3, volume 38.4ml, concentration 120 × 106/ml, and sperm pathologies with 10% of major defects and 8% of minor defects. The semen was diluted 1:1 with Botusêmen with an average of 48% motility, and vigor 3. The treatment began with 10 ml of blood and 10 ml of O3 at 50 mcg/mL in a 20mL syringe and with 60 sucking movements before application to the Lung and Thyroid points, and 20 ml of gas at 8mcg/mL in the subcutaneous tissue in the scrotum. The treatment was carried out every 2 days with 8 applications. After the third application, semen was collected every 2 days for 5 days. The average parameters were motility 78%, vigor 4, volume 33.2ml, concentration 147 × 10⁶/ml. After the 1:1 dilution, the parameters did not change. All the evaluations were carried out via iSPERM and there was no change in sperm pathology. After treatment, there was a statistical difference in motility (p=0.001) and no difference in concentration (p=0.19) (ANOVA). We conclude that ozone can be used in stallions with low sperm motility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between hematological and morphometric parameters with seminal traits and post-thaw sperm viability in stallions","authors":"J. Perez Osorio ,&nbsp;A. González-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;A. Navas-Panadero ,&nbsp;J. Carlos-Velásquez ,&nbsp;G. Mendoza-Sánchez ,&nbsp;G. Martín-Díaz ,&nbsp;J. Bayona-Vélez ,&nbsp;M. Acosta-Forero ,&nbsp;A. Paredes Cañón ,&nbsp;F. Andrade-Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the correlation between hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hemo), hematocrit (Hema), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), total protein (PT), and albumin (Alb), morphometric (cervical skinfold thickness (PCmm), body condition score (BCS), weight (PB), and ultrasound assessments of fat thickness on hip (EG) and tail base (EC), and body fat percentage (PGC), and sperm viability of post-thaw (total progression (PTfr), total motility (MTfr), and sperm concentration (Confr) in stallions from the National Police Horse Breeding Center located in Facatativá, Colombia. Twelve stallions (Argentine saddle, French saddle, Friesian, Belgian, Percheron, KWPN), aged between 5 and 14 years, were incluced and their semen was diluted with two extenders (modified INRA-82 and Botucrio). Within the morphological parameters to be considered in breeding males we have the BSC due to its significant influence (ANOVA) on the VCL showing a negative Pearson correlation of -0.41 for INRA and -0.45 for Botucrio presenting optimal performances when comparing the means (LSD test) in a BSC valued at 6, in the same way the same behavior is observed for VSL (Correlation of -0.46 for INRA and -0.34 for Botucrio) and for VAP (Correlation of -0.43 for INRA and -0.44 for Botucrio). Similarly, correlations of -0.68 are presented for INRA while for Botucrio it was estimated at 0.03 between EC and BCF identifying an ideal fat cover for EC&lt;2.4 mm. Another parameter that significantly affects negatively is PGC being the ideal &lt;15.6%, this variable affects the BCF showing a correlation of -0.69; for Botucrio it was calculated at 0.03, which suggests that Botucrio's performance is better under fattening, however statistically there is no significant difference probably due to the number of specimens used. On the contrary the EG is directly proportional to VCL with a correlation of 0.35 for INRA and 0.39 for Botucrio, VSL correlations of 0.38 INRA and 0.28 Botucrio, and VAP a correlation of 0.37 INRA and 0.33 Botucrio, showing greater efficiency with a fat cover &gt;2.4 mm; On the other hand, within the hematological parameters it was observed that Hemo with values ≥16 g/dl improves the performances for VCL (Correlations of 0.26 INRA and 0.40 Botucrio), VSL (Correlations of 0.43 INRA and 0.33 Botucrio) and VAP (Correlations of 0.33 INRA and 0.38 Botucrio), this leads to think that inducing hyper oxygenation prior to seminal collection improves these parameters post-thawing, finally, Cre with levels ≥1.8 mg/dl favor VCL (Correlations of 0.39 INRA and 0.41 Botucrio) and BCF (Correlations of 0.39 INRA and 0.48 Botucrio).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on conventional in vitro fertilization of in vitro-matured equine oocytes using fresh, or cool-stored stallion sperm","authors":"L. Ramírez-Agámez,&nbsp;A. Alshami,&nbsp;L. Jolley,&nbsp;C.C. Love,&nbsp;C. Hernández-Avilés","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105316","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conventional &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; fertilization (IVF) of &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt;-matured equine oocytes has been historically difficult. A recent study reported that prolonged incubation (∼ 22 h) of fresh stallion semen in a Tyrode's Albumin Lactate Pyruvate (TALP) medium supplemented with penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) yielded high fertilization (&gt; 75%) and blastocyst (up to 40 – 50%) rates (Felix et al., Biol Reprod 2022; 107: 1551 – 1564). Anecdotal and published data reported lower blastocyst production rates (3 – 5%) when using a similar sperm incubation system (Papas et al., Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 2024; 93: 131 – 135). We compared the production of IVF-derived blastocysts when using fresh or cool-stored stallion sperm processed using the methodology described by Felix and co-workers. In all experiments, &lt;em&gt;Cumulus&lt;/em&gt;-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered by transvaginal oocyte aspiration (TVA) and cultured for 30 – 32h to induce &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; maturation; fresh or cool-stored (24h) sperm from a single fertile stallion was utilized; all COCs were co-cultured for 3 hours with sperm previously incubated in TALP-PHE; presumptive zygotes were cultured for 32h post-fertilization (post-IVF) in Global medium, denuded from cumulus cells and further cultured in Global until day 5 post-IVF; finally, from day 5 to day 10 post-IVF, cleaved embryos (i.e., &gt; 8 blastomeres) were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium until a blastocyst developed. In Experiment 1, 122 COCs were co-incubated with fresh semen incubated for 22 h in TALP-PHE. At day 5 post-IVF, 74 of the COCs co-incubated with sperm did cleave (i.e., &gt; 8 blastomeres; 60% cleavage rate), and 6 blastocysts developed between day 7 to 10 post-IVF (8% blastocyst production rate). In Experiment 2, 93 COCs were co-incubated with cool-stored sperm that was incubated in TALP-PHE for 22 h. At day 5 post-IVF, 36 of the COCs co-incubated with sperm did cleave (39% cleavage rate), and 4 blastocysts developed between day 7 to 10 post-IVF (11% blastocyst production rate). In Experiment 3, the sperm incubation time in TALP-PHE was reduced from 22 to 10 h. A total of 34 COCs were co-incubated with cool-stored sperm. At day 5 post-IVF, 23 of the COCs co-incubated with sperm did cleave (60% cleavage rate), and 6 blastocysts developed between day 7 to 10 post-IVF (26% blastocyst production rate). We were able to produce IVF-derived equine blastocysts under our laboratory conditions, although at lower rates than those previously reported by Felix and coworkers, while higher than those reported by Papas and coworkers. We reported for the first time the production of IVF-derived equine blastocysts using cooled-stored stallion sperm. Also, we report that a shorter (10 h) sperm incubation time in TALP-PHE yielded IVF-derived blastocysts. Additional studies are required to conclude the repeatability of conventional IVF in equine oocytes using cooled-stored sperm incubated for shorte","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}