Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Functional Difficulty Among School-Aged Children and Effect on School Enrolment in Rural Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Bobeena Rachel Chandy, Calum Davey, William E Oswald, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan, Kumudha Aruldas, Lena Morgon Banks, Smitha Jasper, Guru Nagarajan, Sean Galagan, David S Kennedy, Judd L Walson, Beena Koshy, Sitara S R Ajjampur, Hannah Kuper","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00293-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00293-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the large number of children in India, there is little information on the impact of children's disability on school enrolment, and how this differs by population. We estimated the prevalence of childhood disability in two sites in Tamil Nadu, southern India, and the effect of functional difficulty on school enrolment. We used a parent-reported survey containing the UNICEF-Washington Group questions to identify children aged 5 to 17 years with functional difficulty during a census conducted for an ongoing trial. We estimated pooled- and gender-specific prevalence of functional difficulty among 29,044 children. We fitted regression models to identify subgroups with higher rates of functional difficulty and the effect of functional difficulty on reported school enrolment. We estimated the modification of the effect of functional difficulty by age, gender, socioeconomic status, household education, and sub-site, on additive and multiplicative scales. We found of 29,044 children, 299 (1.0%) had any functional difficulty, equal among boys and girls. Being understood (0.5%) and walking (0.4%) were the most common difficulties. Functional difficulty was strongly associated with non-enrolment in school (Prevalence ratio [PR] 4.59, 95% CI: 3.87, 5.43) after adjusting for age, gender, and site. We show scale-dependent differences between age and socioeconomic groups in the effect of functional difficulty on enrolment. This study shows that at least one in a hundred children in this region have severe functional difficulties and nearly half of these children are not enrolled in school, highlighting the need for further efforts and evidence-based interventions to increase school enrolment among these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How a Novel Approach of Allergy Call Center Improved the Management of the Anti-COVID Vaccination Campaign in Piedmont: Italy.","authors":"Iuliana Badiu, Stefania Nicola, Nicolò Rashidy, Stefano Della Mura, Daniele Tarrini, Virginia Bernardi, Mara Gallicchio, Irene Ridolfi, Elena Saracco, Erika Montabone, Marina Mazzola, Luca Lo Sardo, Giada Geronazzo, Ludovica Comola, Antonietta Apricena, Ilaria Vitali, Anna Quinternetto, Lucrezia Alessi, Federico Meli, Marzia Boem, Marcelo Teocchi, Salvatore Schinocca, Maria Carmen Rita Azzolina, Federica Corradi, Simone Negrini, Giovanni Rolla, Richard Borrelli, Luisa Brussino","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00309-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00309-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The anti-COVID vaccination campaign has led to a significant increase in the demand for allergology consultations in patients considered at risk of reaction to anti-COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to describe the experience of the vaccination campaign held in Piedmont (Italy) which developed a new service of Allergy Call Center (ACC) thus providing for the screening and management of allergy high-risk patients during pandemic.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients considered at high risk for the development of allergic reactions who were referred by the Immunology and Allergy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano in Turin, Italy, between December 2020 and December 2022 and also on ACC consultations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, Piedmont Region instituted the ACC, active from May 10th, 2021 to December 31st 2022, to allow vaccinating doctors to require a telephonic consultation for patients who were considered at high risk for the development of allergic reactions. If further diagnostic evaluations were required, the ACC scheduled a visit with a Consultant of the Unit to better assess the clinical situation of the patient. Furthermore, patients referred by General Practitioners, Occupational Doctors and other consultants were also evaluated by the Unit when required.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the operational period the ACC received a total of 15,865 calls and referred only 336 patients to the unit (27.4% of the total referrals), while General Practitioners referred 499 patients (40.8%), Occupational Doctors referred 61 patients (4.9%), and other consultants referred 326 patients (26.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evaluation and management of a large volume of requests seemed to be facilitated by a proactive framework for screening patients at high risk for allergic reactions as the ones referred by our ACC. This approach led to a prominent decrease in allergological visits to our tertiary care Centre, reducing the waiting times and providing additional support for both patients and healthcare providers, thus allowing the vaccinations to be more easily handled.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1764-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Extreme Heat on Cardiovascular Health in Kuwait: Present and Future Projections.","authors":"Yazan Alwadi, Ali Al-Hemoud, Haitham Khraishah, Fahd Al-Mulla, Petros Koutrakis, Hamad Ali, Barrak Alahmad","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00330-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00330-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Middle East, especially Kuwait, is experiencing rapidly rising temperatures due to climate change. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the country, and extreme heat is expected to exacerbate hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases. There is limited data quantifying the historical and future impacts of heat on hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases in Kuwait.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected daily hospital admission data of cardiovascular diseases in Kuwait from 2010 to 2019. We modeled the relationship between temperature and cardiovascular disease hospitalizations using distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs), adjusting for relative humidity and seasonality. Future temperature projections for Kuwait under moderate and extreme climate change scenarios were obtained from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and the impact on cardiovascular disease hospitalizations was extrapolated for every decade until 2099.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the baseline period (2010-2019), a total of 263,182 CVD cases were recorded. Of which, 20,569 (95% eCI: 3,128, 35,757) were attributed to heat. We found that the relative risk of hospitalization for CVD increased from 1.292 (95% CI: 1.051, 1.589) at 41 °C to 1.326 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.747) at 43 °C, compared to the minimum morbidity temperature. Projections showed that, under moderate climate scenarios, CVD hospitalizations would increase by 1.96% by 2090-2099, while under extreme scenarios, the increase could reach 4.44%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extreme heat significantly contributes to CVD hospitalizations in Kuwait. This burden is projected to increase under climate change. Findings highlight the urgent need for healthcare system preparedness to mitigate the future health impacts of rising temperatures in Kuwait.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1711-1719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent Approaches to Reduce Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Critical Care: Determining the Ideal Strategy.","authors":"Salma AlBahrani, Mustafa Saad, Jaber S Alqahtani, Zainab Almoosa, Mohammed Alabdulla, Mohammed Algezery, Sondos AlShehri, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00297-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00297-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although there is ample proof of the advantages of infection prevention and Control (IPC) in acute-care hospitals, there is still some questions about the efficacy of IPC interventions for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), and there is a need for the development of evidence-based practices. No healthcare facility has found a single effective technique to reduce MDRO. However, a multicomponent intervention that included improved barrier protection, chlorhexidine bathing, microbiological monitoring, and staff involvement significantly decreased the likelihood of infection in the patient surroundings with multidrug-resistant organisms. A practical strategy suited to reducing the burden of MDROs and their transmission potential in the critical care unit must be established in light of the global development of AMR. In this review, we summarize key findings of a multicomponent approaches to reduce MDROs in critical care units.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1371-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear and Impact of COVID-19 Among Post-Infected Adults: Types and Associations with Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms.","authors":"Tinh X Do, Ha-Linh Quach, Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang, Thao T P Nguyen, Lan T H Le, Tan T Nguyen, Binh N Do, Khue M Pham, Vinh H Vu, Linh V Pham, Lien T H Nguyen, Hoang C Nguyen, Tuan V Tran, Trung H Nguyen, Anh T Nguyen, Hoan V Nguyen, Phuoc B Nguyen, Hoai T T Nguyen, Thu T M Pham, Thuy T Le, Cuong Q Tran, Kien T Nguyen, Han T Vo, Tuyen Van Duong","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00333-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00333-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Survivors of COVID-19 are susceptible to diminished health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse psychological health, which may be exacerbated by their experiences of fear and the impact of the pandemic itself. This study aims to identify distinct fear and impact patterns related to the COVID-19 pandemic among survivors through latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine the associations of fear and impact patterns with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and HRQoL. A total of 5,890 Vietnamese COVID-19 survivors completed the COVID-19 Impact Battery- Disability Scale (CIB-D), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCoV-19 S), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for PTSS, and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) for HRQoL. Four distinct groups of fear and impact were identified: \"Fearful and highly impacted\" (26.8%), \"moderately impacted yet not fearful\" (22.9%), \"less impacted and less fearful\" (18.6%), and \"mildly impacted and neutral\" (31.7%). Survivors who were \"less impacted and less fearful\" exhibited significantly higher HRQoL scores (regression coefficient, B: 10.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.0 - 11.7), both in terms of physical (B: 12.0; 95%CI: 11.1 - 12.9) and mental health (B: 19.4; 95%CI: 9.6 - 11.1), and lower PTSS levels (B: -24.5; 95%CI: -25.8 - -23.3) compared to those who were \"highly impacted and fearful\". It is imperative to acknowledge the intricate association between fear, impact, and mental health to comprehensively address the diverse needs of this distinct population post-COVID-19. These findings provide insights for designing interventions and support mechanisms for COVID-19 survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1748-1763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi Center, Epidemiological Study of Bone Tuberculosis in Southwest China from 2011 to 2023.","authors":"Xiaopeng Qin, Boli Qin, Chenxing Zhou, Chong Liu, Tianyou Chen, Jichong Zhu, Chengqian Huang, Shaofeng Wu, Rongqing He, Songze Wu, Sitan Feng, Jiarui Chen, Jiang Xue, Wendi Wei, Liyi Chen, Kechang He, Zhendong Qin, Tiejun Zhou, Jie Ma, Xinli Zhan","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00325-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00325-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite continued efforts to manage and control Tuberculosis (TB) in China, it remains a major health concern. Bone tuberculosis (Bone-TB), a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, still adds considerably to the global TB case load. Diagnosing Bone-TB is often difficult as its symptoms can be similar to other bone or joint diseases, which leads to delayed detection and treatment. Currently, comprehensive reports on the epidemiological aspects of Bone-TB in China are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed demographic and clinical data from 2,191 patients diagnosed with Bone-TB in Southwest China between January 2011 and September 2023.This study fully reveals the characteristics of Bone-TB in Southwest China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall trend of bone tuberculosis was a slow rise. Among 2191 patients, males, farmers, aged 42-68 years, and people with HIV and diabetes are the priority groups for the prevention and treatment of Bone-TB. The majority of the infected spines (1556/2191) were located in the thoracic vertebra (759/2191) and lumbar vertebra (715/2191). Forty-nine (2.24%) patients had drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). Forty-five (2.05%) died during the treatment. The total and actual hospitalization. Costs amounted to $3,837.10 and $1,914.35 (p < 0.01). Patients with DR-TB incurred the highest costs, amounting to $4,968.37. Cervical TB, with a prevalence of 5 patients (6.10%), exhibited the highest rates of catastrophic expenditures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 2011 to 2023, the yearly occurrence of Bone-TB in southwestern China exhibited a rising pattern, marked by notable distinctions in terms of gender, age, and regional variations, indicating localized clustering characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1678-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence among People Living with HIV in Taipei, Taiwan.","authors":"Hsin-Hao Lai, Chien-Chun Wang, Tsen-Fang Yen, Po-Tsen Yeh, Yung-Feng Yen, Su-Han Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00329-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00329-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is critical in controlling HIV. Poor medication adherence may lead to higher disease mortality, increased HIV spread, and transmission of drug-resistant strains. Identifying the specific factors that contribute to suboptimal medication adherence in people with HIV is crucial for developing effective, personalized interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis by enrolling individuals over 18 years of age with HIV at a single clinic in Taipei, Taiwan, from December 2018 to November 2020. Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, recreational drug use, comorbidities, and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) was utilized to assess treatment adherence. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to identify the factors influencing adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 831 PWH were included in the analysis. After controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and recreational drug use, independent risk factors associated with poor adherence among PWH include the presence of a depressive disorder (AOR:2·887, 95% CI:1·461-5·703, p = 0·002), a history of acquired gonorrhea (AOR:2·026, 95% CI:1·079 - 3·803, p = 0·028), methamphetamine use within past three months (AOR:2·073, 95% CI:1·172-3·665, p = 0·012), HIV-1 RNA ≥ 40 copies/ml (AOR:5·221, 95% CI:2·976-9·157, p < 0·001) and younger age (AOR:0·959, 95% CI:0·932-0·988, p = 0·006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To enhance HIV treatment adherence, targeted efforts are essential for PWH who are young, have used methamphetamine in the past three months, are experiencing depressive disorders, or have previously acquired gonorrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1701-1710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Carotid Artery Velocities with Current ASCVD Risk Stratification: A Novel Approach to Simpler Risk Assessment.","authors":"Yueh-Chien Lu, Po-Ju Chen, Sheng-Nan Lu, Fu-Wen Liang, Hung-Yi Chuang","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00308-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00308-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the potential of a novel approach to simplify risk assessment by comparing carotid artery velocities with current atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk stratification method using nonlinear measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study conducted at a medical center in southern Taiwan from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, 1636 participants aged 40-75 years without prior ASCVD events were enrolled. Carotid flow velocity was obtained through duplex ultrasonography. ASCVD risk was categorized into two groups according to the 2022 USPSTF guidelines for primary prevention. We analyzed associations between flow indices and ASCVD risk using logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAMs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The end diastolic velocity (EDV) of common carotid artery (CCA) and the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of internal carotid artery (ICA) were inversely and nonlinearly associated with cardiovascular event risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with ROC curves revealed that the optimal speed for the EDV of CCA was approximately 23.75 cm/s, and the optimal PSV and EDV of ICA were approximately 81.75 cm/s and 26.75 cm/s, respectively. The GAMs showed U-shaped relationships between elevated ASCVD risk and blood flow velocity in the carotid arteries, with inflection points of approximately 82 cm/s in the PSV of ICA and near 25 cm/s in the EDV of CCA. Both methods revealed similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The EDVs and PSVs of the CCA and ICA are associated with the development of cardiovascular events. Optimal velocity ranges were identified; however, further hemodynamic investigations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1569-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gram-Negative Colonization and Bacterial Translocation Drive Neonatal Sepsis in the Indian Setting.","authors":"Faiza Iqbal, Apurv Barche, Padmaja A Shenoy, Leslie Edward S Lewis, Jayashree Purkayastha, K E Vandana","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00303-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00303-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota, comprising billions of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in health and disease. This study aims to investigate the effect of sepsis on gut microbiome of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was carried out in the NICU of tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India, from January 2021 to September 2023. Preterm neonates with birth weight < 1500 g and gestational age < 37 weeks were recruited, excluding those with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies, necrotizing enterocolitis, or blood culture-negative infections. The study population was divided into three groups: healthy neonates (Group A), neonates with drug-sensitive GNB sepsis (Group B), and neonates with pan drug-resistant GNB sepsis (Group C). Stool samples were collected aseptically, snapped in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80⁰C for extraction of DNA and microbiome analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gut microbiota of healthy neonates (Group A) was dominated by Proteobacteria (24.04%), Actinobacteria (27.13%), Firmicutes (12.74%), and Bacteroidetes (3%). Predominant genera included Bifidobacterium (55.17%), Enterobacter (12.55%), Enterococcus (50.69%), Streptococcus (7.92%), and Bacteroides (3.58%).Groups B and C, the microbiota exhibited higher Proteobacteria abundance (57.16% and 66.58%, respectively) and reduced diversity of beneficial bacteria. Notably, the presence of sepsis was associated with an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial commensal bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonates with sepsis exhibited significant gut microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by increased Proteobacteria and reduced beneficial bacteria diversity. These findings highlight the potential of microbiome profiling as a diagnostic tool and underscore the importance of gut microbiota modulation in managing neonatal sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1525-1535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review on the Pandemic Zoonotic RNA Virus Infections Occurred During the Last 25 Years.","authors":"Gobena Ameni, Aboma Zewude, Begna Tulu, Milky Derara, Berecha Bayissa, Temesgen Mohammed, Berhanu Adenew Degefa, Mohamed Elfatih Hamad, Markos Tibbo, Robert Barigye","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00304-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00304-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pandemic zoonotic RNA virus infections have continued to threaten humans and animals worldwide. The objective of this review was to highlight the epidemiology and socioeconomic impacts of pandemic zoonotic RNA virus infections that occurred between 1997 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature search was done from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases, cumulative case fatalities of individual viral infection calculated, and geographic coverage of the pandemics were shown by maps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven major pandemic zoonotic RNA virus infections occurred from 1997 to 2021 and were presented in three groups: The first group consists of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI-H5N1) and swine-origin influenza (H1N1) viruses with cumulative fatality rates of 53.5% and 0.5% in humans, respectively. Moreover, HPAI-H5N1 infection caused 90-100% death in poultry and economic losses of >$10 billion worldwide. Similarly, H1N1 caused a serious infection in swine and economic losses of 0.5-1.5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the affected countries. The second group consists of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with case fatalities of 9.6%, 34.3% and 2.0%, respectively in humans; but this group only caused mild infections in animals. The third group consists of Ebola and Zika virus infections with case fatalities of 39.5% and 0.02%, respectively in humans but causing only mild infections in animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar infections are expected in the near future, and hence strict implementation of conventional biosecurity-based measures and development of efficacious vaccines would help minimize the impacts of the next pandemic infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1397-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}