Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"The Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Saudi Arabia (1994-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hassan N Moafa, Abdullah H Altemani, Ali Alaklabi, Khalid Y Ghailan, Alkhansa Alshabi, Majid Ahmed Darraj, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00314-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00314-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasites affecting humans in diverse populations caused by T. gondii. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of T. gondii infection among various population categories in Saudi Arabia. Our search was done in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science to find the relevant studies from inception to November 2023. The pooled prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the total population living in Saudi Arabia was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis approach, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was utilized for this analysis. Our study included 30 case-control and retrospective studies published from 1994 to 2023 involving 20,699 patients from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various cities were included, such as Al-Ahsa, Najran, Riyadh, Arar, Mecca, al Khobar, Mushait, Tabuk, jazan, Hail City, Almadinah Almunawwarah, AL-Ahsa, and Abha; 27 reported outcomes related to IgG seroprevalence, revealing an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 27.5% in Saudi Arabia. Fifteen studies that measured IgM seroprevalence found an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 2.2%. Specifically for pregnant women, IgG seroprevalence was 28%. Among different age categories, the highest toxoplasmosis prevalence was observed in the group aged 31-45 years, reaching 32.5%, while the lowest prevalence was in the 10-20 years category at 19.3%. Regarding gravidity, the grand multi-gravida group exhibited the highest prevalence at 32.9%, with an upper limit of 47.8%. Furthermore, individuals who consumed freshwater demonstrated a higher incidence than those drinking bottled water, with respective prevalence rates of 33.5% and 29.4%. In conclusion, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average, with significant variations across different age groups, water sources, and dietary habits. Targeted educational programs and public health interventions are essential to raise awareness and reduce the risk of T. gondii infection. Future research should focus on improving study quality and exploring the broader implications of toxoplasmosis on public health in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sisay Moges, Bereket Aberham Lajore, Abera Feyisa Oleba, Abraham Samuel Godebo, Mengistu Lodebo Funga","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87-3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64-2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08-3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child's survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Antibody Responses to Potentially Waterborne and Environmentally Transmitted Infections Among Two Tribal Nations in the Southwest United States.","authors":"Timothy J Wade, Jatin H Mistry, Swinburne A J Augustine, Shannon M Griffin, Jason Kobylanski, Jennifer Styles, Elizabeth Sams, Edward Hudgens, Megan Kowalcyk, Wesley Cochran, Honorine Ward, Andrey Egorov","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00315-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00315-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tribal Nations disproportionately lack access to safe drinking water and can be adversely affected by other water quality and environmental concerns. Such conditions could lead to an increase in the transmission of waterborne, environmental and hygiene related infections. We collected saliva samples from attendees at two Tribal Nation annual festivals and tested them for salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to selected common infections using an in-house multiplex immunoassay. Antibody responses were compared to responses from a previously conducted study in the midwestern United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected and tested 531 samples from Tribal Nation sites and used data on 453 previously analyzed samples from the Midwest site. Logistic and linear regression models were used to model a binary classification of seropositivity and the intensity of the antibody response, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seroprevalence of chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii) were generally consistent with estimates from population-based studies. Compared to the Midwest site, one of the Tribal Nation sites had consistently higher median antibody responses to several noroviruses. The Tribal Nation sites had a lower seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies. At the Tribal Nation sites, farm residents had higher antibody responses to Cryptosporidium spp., bottled water consumption was associated with lower responses to Cryptosporidium spp., animal contact was associated with T. gondii seropositivity, and recent diarrhea was associated with higher norovirus antibody responses. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of reporting allergies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay in Tribal Nations to provide insights regarding selected common pathogens which are transmitted through different transmission pathways including person-to-person contacts, contaminated food, soil and drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1619-1632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aromatherapy Using Lavender Oil Effectiveness on Pain and Anxiety After C-Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mariem Nouira, Nesrine Souayeh, Sirine Aicha Kanzari, Hadhami Rouis, Amira Lika, Chaouki Mbarki, Fatma Zahra Rahali, Hajer Bettaieb","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00305-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00305-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing postoperative setting, regarding pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery is crucial for the mother's recovery, her emotional well-being, mother-infant bonding and initiating breastfeeding. Although some research have suggested that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil can be effective in reducing pain and anxiety in various medical settings, the efficacy of lavender aromatherapy in the postoperative setting after cesarean delivery is less well-studied. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of lavender essential oil therapy in the management of pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a monocentric randomized controlled double-blind trial conducted over a period of five months during 2023. A hundred women undergoing c-sections under spinal anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned; using block randomization of 4 items per block with allocation ratio 1:1, into two groups: The aromatherapy group (receiving inhaled Lavender essential oil) versus the placebo group (receiving distilled water instead). The primary outcomes were pain (at rest and after mobilization) and anxiety levels and after the intervention. This trial was registered on clinical-trials.org (NCT06387849).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 women were included (50 women in each group aromatherapy and the placebo group). The two groups were comparable regarding baseline characteristics and pre-intervention parameters with no statistically significant difference. After the intervention, the pain at rest (38,76 ± 22,9 vs. 23,84 ± 18,01; p < 0.001), the pain after mobilization (60,28 ± 23,72 vs. 40,12 ± 22,18; p < 0.001), and degree of anxiety (46,76 ± 6,59 vs. 44,3 ± 5,17; p = 0.03) were all significantly lower in the aromatherapy group. No adverse effects were reported by participants in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aromatherapy using Lavender essential oil is effective in reducing pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery without adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1536-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and AMR Perspective of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"John Bosco Kalule, Linda A Bester, Daniel L Banda, Firehiwot Abera Derra, Chisomo Msefula, Anthony M Smith, Abraham Ajayi, Happiness Kumburu, Geoffrey Kwenda, Kaunda Yamba, John Mwaba, Yasmina J Fakim, Nyasha Sithole, Aquillah M Kanzi, Patrick M K Njage, Francis Chikuse, Sofonias K Tessema, Stella I Smith, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00301-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00301-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) persistently challenges public health in Africa, contributing substantially to the diarrhoeal disease burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis illuminate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of DEC pathotypes across the continent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review selectively focused on pathotype-specific studies reporting prevalence and/or AMR of human-derived DEC pathotypes from African nations, excluding data from extra-intestinal, animal, and environmental sources and studies focused on drug and mechanism experiments. Pertinent studies were retrieved from SCOPUS, PubMed, and EBSCOhost, processed with Covidence, and screened in alignment with PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reviewed studies were predominantly hospital-based (80%) and paediatric-focused (91%), with a meagre 4.4% documenting DEC outbreaks. Seven DEC pathotypes were discerned, with Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) being notably prevalent (43%, 95% CI 30-55%) and Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) least prevalent (24%, 95% CI 17-32%). Identified non-susceptibilities were noted against essential antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and ampicillin, while instances of carbapenem and Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase (ESBL) resistance were scarce.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite sporadic data on DEC prevalence and AMR in Africa, particularly in community settings, a palpable gap remains in real-time outbreak surveillance and comprehensive data documentation. Augmenting surveillance and embracing advancements in molecular/genomic characterisation techniques are crucial to precisely discerning DEC's actual impact and resistance continuum in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1381-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the One Health Surveillance (OHS) Matrix to Evaluate the Disease Surveillance Systems in Gujarat, India: A Policy Content Analysis.","authors":"Sandul Yasobant, Ravina Tadvi, Walter Bruchhausen, Deepak B Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00317-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00317-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An effective disease surveillance system can detect outbreaks of emerging zoonotic diseases early and allow the system to respond immediately and control the epidemic. Gujarat is a western Indian state with a population of more than 65 million humans and 26 million livestock, and it has the respective surveillance systems under the Department of Health & Family Welfare for humans and the Department of Animal Husbandry for animals. A veterinarian is placed on establishing cross-sectoral collaborations between these systems, but the joint collaborative activities and their effect on the early warning response are least understood. This provides an opportunity to conduct a secondary policy content analysis study using the One Health Surveillance Matrix (OHSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of collaboration among human-animal disease surveillance systems for zoonotic disease in Gujarat, India. This study findings highlight a few gaps in the human health surveillance system, such as data sharing, sampling, outreach to decision-makers, and external communication, while the animal health surveillance system exhibits deficiencies in the data dissemination to decision-makers, management and storage of data analysis, interpretation of data, and external communication as per the OHSM evaluation. Despite major differences, there is a possibility of developing the One Health Surveillance system in Gujarat, India which is profoundly documented in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1633-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of All-Cause Mortality with Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) in Individuals with Asthma: Results from the NHANES Database Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jing Chen, Zihe Cheng, Yang Yao, Shengyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00307-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00307-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and mortality in patients with asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between FFMI and FMI and all-cause mortality in a cohort of American adults diagnosed with asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 15,200 adults from NHANES. To assess mortality, we linked participant records to the National Death Index. FMI and FFMI were measured and evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Survival differences across quintiles of FFMI and FMI were explored using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests, with the proportional hazards assumption assessed using Schoenfeld residuals. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with FFMI and FMI, adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and other relevant factors. Additionally, stratified analyses based on theoretical considerations were conducted to identify subgroups of individuals exhibiting an elevated risk of mortality. This study also examined the nonlinear relationships between FFMI, FMI, and mortality using restricted cubic splines (RCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up of 184 months, 12.11% of individuals had died. Kaplan-Meier plots revealed significant differences in all-cause mortality among patients with asthma across the FFMI and FMI quintiles. Specifically, individuals in the lowest FFMI quintile (Q1, 10.4-16.0, representing the range of FFMI values) exhibited a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.59, 13.5; p < 0.01). Similarly, elevated risks of all-cause mortality were observed in the upper three quintiles of FMI, with Q3 (4.8-6.1) having an HR of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.20, 7.00; p < 0.05), Q4 (6.2-8.3) having an HR of 3.37 (95% CI: 1.41, 8.03; p < 0.01), and Q5 (8.4-22.8) having an HR of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.31, 16.2; p < 0.05). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with increasing FMI and decreasing FFMI (p for non-linearity < 0.001 in both cases). Subgroup analyses further elucidated these associations across different categories. In examining the association between FMI and all-cause mortality among asthma patients across various subgroups, a heightened mortality risk found among males, individuals with medium education levels, medium income levels, and those who consume alcohol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows that both high FMI and low FFMI are associated with increased mortality in patients with asthma. These findings underscore the critical role of FMI and FFMI in the health management of asthma patients. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians proactively monitor and adjust these indices to improve patient prognosis and enhance health outcomes for individuals with asthma..</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1555-1568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Community Beliefs and Practices on the Spread of Ebola in Uganda, September 2022.","authors":"Helen Nelly Naiga, Jane Frances Zalwango, Brian Agaba, Saudah N Kizito, Brenda N Simbwa, Maria Goretti Zalwango, Rebecca Akunzirwe, Zainah Kabami, Peter Chris Kawugenzi, Robert Zavuga, Mackline Ninsiima, Patrick King, Mercy Wendy Wanyana, Thomas Kiggundu, Richard Migisha, Doreen Gonahasa, Irene Kyamwine, Benon Kwesiga, Daniel Kadobera, Lilian Bulage, Alex Ario Riolexus, Sarah B Paige, Julie R Harris","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00302-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00302-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>On September 20, 2022, Uganda declared an Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) outbreak in Mubende District. Another eight districts were infected September-November 2022. We examined how Ugandan community beliefs and practices spread Sudan Ebola Virus (SUDV) in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted in Mubende, Kassanda, and Kyegegwa districts in February 2023. Nine focus group discussions and six key informant interviews were held. We investigated whether community beliefs and practices contributed to spreading Sudan Ebola Virus (SUDV). Interviews were recorded, translated, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The community deaths, later found to be due to Sudan Virus Disease(SVD), were often attributed to witchcraft or poisoning. Key informants reported that SVD patients often sought traditional healers or spiritual leaders before or after formal healthcare failed. They also found that traditional healers treated SVD patients without precautions. Religious leaders praying for SVD patients and their symptomatic contacts, SVD patients hiding in friends' homes, and exhuming SVD patients from safe and dignified burials to allow traditional burials were other themes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diversity in community beliefs and culture likely contributed to spreading the 2022 Ugandan SVD outbreak. Public health systems, traditional healers, and religious leaders can help Uganda control ebolavirus outbreaks by identifying socially acceptable and scientifically supported infection control methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1518-1524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Healthcare Pressures on the COVID-19 Hospitalisation Fatality Risk in England.","authors":"Jonathon Mellor, Owen Jones, Thomas Ward","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00310-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00310-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic extends into 2023 and beyond, the treatment and outcomes of infected patients continues to evolve. Unlike earlier in the pandemic there are now further infectious disease pressures placed on hospitals, which influence patient care and triage decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The manuscript uses individual patient records linked with associated hospital management information of system pressure characteristics to attribute COVID-19 hospitalisation fatality risks (HFR) to patients and hospitals, using generalised additive mixed effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 01 September 2022 and 09 October 2023, the COVID-19 hospitalisation fatality risk in England was estimated as 12.71% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.53%, 12.88%). Staff absences had  an adjusted odds ratio of 1.038 (95% CI 1.017, 1.060) associated with the HFR when accounting for patient and hospital characteristics.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This observational research presents evidence that a range of local hospital effects can have a meaningful impact on the risk of death from COVID-19 once hospitalised and should be accounted for when reporting estimates. We show that both the patient case mix and hospital pressures impact estimates of patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1579-1590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Trends and Hotspots in the Research of the Effects of PM2.5 on Asthma: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.","authors":"Xinchen Shu, Jiaxin Cao, Qi Liu, Yixin Wang, Feng Jiang, Chuyan Wu, Jin Shu","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00331-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00331-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been identified as a significant environmental and public health challenge, particularly due to its association with respiratory diseases like asthma. With the global rise in urbanization and industrialization, PM2.5-related asthma research has grown substantially over the past two decades. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map global research trends, highlight key contributors, and identify emerging hotspots in the relationship between PM2.5 and asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering research from January 2004 to September 2024. The selected studies were analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to assess publication trends, global collaborations, and research hotspots through visualized networks and co-occurrence analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2035 publications were identified, demonstrating a steady increase in research output over the past two decades. The United States and China emerged as dominant contributors, frequently collaborating with countries like Canada, Australia, and South Korea. Key research areas focused on air quality, particulate matter exposure, and asthma exacerbation, with an increasing emphasis on indoor air pollution and long-term exposure risks. Institutional collaborations were led by prominent universities such as the University of California System and Harvard University. Additionally, research on vulnerable populations, particularly children, and the impact of early-life exposure to PM2.5 has gained attention in recent years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The global research landscape on PM2.5 and asthma has expanded significantly, with growing attention to interdisciplinary approaches that combine environmental science and public health. Future studies should focus on the global burden of air pollution, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and address the long-term health impacts of PM2.5 exposure, especially in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1720-1736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}