Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Acute effects of sodium citrate supplementation on competitive performance and lactate level of elite fitness challenge athletes: A crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","authors":"Magshoud Nabilpour ,&nbsp;Amira Zouita ,&nbsp;Jerry Mayhew ,&nbsp;Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi ,&nbsp;Yaser Alikhajeh ,&nbsp;Morteza Taheri ,&nbsp;Khadijeh Irandoust ,&nbsp;Leila Youzbashi ,&nbsp;Urs Granacher ,&nbsp;Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The performance of sodium citrate has been investigated in high-intensity exercises, but fewer studies have addressed the role of citrate in weight-bearing exercises.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty fitness challenge athletes, aged 24–32 years, volunteered to participate in this crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Initially, ten athletes were given a placebo and asked to complete a fitness challenge (i.e., chin-ups, squat jumps, dips, walking lunges, sit-ups, and burpees-devil press). Another ten athletes were supplemented with sodium citrate 0.5 g/kg body mass supplements 3 h prior to performing the fitness challenges. The same procedures were completed two days later with the supplement and placebo dextrose groups switched in a cross-over design. Athletes and assessors were blinded for the experimental condition (placebo vs. verum). Lactate levels were measured 5 min after exercise. The athletes' performance on each item of the fitness challenge as well as their lactate levels, were compared. Differences between the means of the measured variables were contrasted using a dependent <em>t</em>-test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Supplementing sodium citrate substantially improved athletes' performance in all six fitness challenge items (p &lt; 0.05, 0.69&lt;Cohen's d &lt; 2.52, moderate to large). In addition, lactate levels registered after the fitness challenge were lower in the citrate sodium supplementation vs. placebo condition (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.63, moderate).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Acute sodium citrate supplementation may help fitness challengers postpone muscular fatigue and increase performance, potentially via the prevention of lactate accumulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000108/pdfft?md5=ce1070905a373afef00f36404efe399b&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of tele-exercise training on physical fitness, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19: The COFIT-HK study","authors":"Eric Tsz-Chun Poon ,&nbsp;Fenghua Sun ,&nbsp;Andy Choi-Yeung Tse ,&nbsp;Jaclyn Hei Tsang ,&nbsp;Aaron Yiu-Huen Chung ,&nbsp;Yannis Yuet-Yan Lai ,&nbsp;Sam Wing-Sum Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of tele-exercise programs as an option for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation has been suggested, but its effectiveness in non-hospitalized individuals is not well understood.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an 8-week tele-exercise training program (COFIT-HK) on physical fitness, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-one non-hospitalized individuals (age:47.4 ± 7.8 yrs) who had COVID-19 history were divided into two groups: the tele-exercise training group (TELE; n = 21) and the non-intervention control group (CON; n = 20). TELE engaged in online supervised multicomponent low-to-moderate intensity exercise training (including respiratory muscle, aerobic, and resistance training) three times per week, whereas CON received standardized educational leaflets based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for post-COVID-19-related illness rehabilitation only. Various components of physical fitness, functional capacity, and HRQoL were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>TELE showed significant improvements in handgrip strength, arm flexibility, functional lower extremity endurance, and HRQoL after the 8-week intervention (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.50–1.10). When comparing the groups, TELE demonstrated significantly greater improvements in both the physical and mental component summary scores of HRQoL compared to CON (both <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Other outcomes did not reveal significant group differences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our tele-exercise intervention was effective in improving physical fitness, functional capacity and HRQoL among non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 individuals. Further research is needed to explore the utility and limitations of tele-exercise programs for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000091/pdfft?md5=af5bbc89db2f5c6d8c1ffac2eb00892d&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal obese women","authors":"Foroozandeh Zaravar ,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Tamaddon ,&nbsp;Leila Zaravar ,&nbsp;Maryam Koushkie Jahromi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Despite prevalence of studies indicating the positive effect of land-based exercise on bone metabolism, there are limited findings regarding the effect of aquatic exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on femur bone mineral density (BMD), serum 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>40 postmenopausal obese women were randomly divided into four groups of aquatic training + vitamin D3 intake group; (ATD), aquatic training with placebo intake group (AT), vitamin D3 intake group (D), and control group with placebo intake (CON). AT groups performed aerobic aquatic exercises for 8 weeks. Vitamin D3 supplementation groups consumed oral dose of 4000 IU/d for 8 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The femur BMD was significantly higher in the ATD than the AT and D and CON groups; in AT it was higher than the D and CON groups. Serum 25(OH)D level in the ATD was more than AT and CON, and in the D was more than the CON and AT. PTH in the ATD group was lower compared to AT, D, and CON groups. PTH was lower in the AT and D compared to the CON.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, combining vitamin D supplementation and aquatic training was the most effective method for improving bone metabolism; Vitamin D supplementation (alone) was not sufficient to affect some of bone metabolism indices; Aquatic training could not improve serum vitamin D. By priority, ATD, AT, and D indicated better bone related metabolism indices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000029/pdfft?md5=04b1c1185d4122b3a1e04184c2eff6e1&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of 6-week home-based static stretching, dynamic stretching, or eccentric exercise interventions on muscle-tendon properties and functional performance in older women","authors":"Juntip Namsawang ,&nbsp;Wirasinee Srijunto ,&nbsp;Phurichaya Werasirirat ,&nbsp;Audrius Snieckus ,&nbsp;Kristina Bradauskiene ,&nbsp;Sigitas Kamandulis ,&nbsp;Pornpimol Muanjai","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Joint inflexibility is acknowledged as a significant contributor to functional limitations in the older adult, with lengthening-type exercises identified as a potential remedial approach. Nevertheless, the responses to eccentric exercise in female older adults have not been extensively studied especially in home-based environment. Here, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of home-based static stretching (ST), dynamic closed-chain stretching (DCS), or eccentric exercise (ECC) interventions on flexibility, musculotendinous architecture, and functional ability in healthy older women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We randomly assigned 51 healthy older women (age 65.9 ± 3.4 years) to one of three interventional exercise groups: DCS (N = 17), ECC (N = 17), or ST (N = 17). The training was performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The participants’ musculotendinous stiffness, fascicle length, eccentric strength, and functional capacities were measured before the intervention, after 6 weeks of exercise, and at a 1-month follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that all three interventions improved hamstring flexibility and passive ankle dorsiflexion (p &lt; 0.001), with increased biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius fascicle length (p &lt; 0.01). However, there was no significant change in musculotendinous stiffness. The ECC intervention produced a greater improvement in knee flexor and calf eccentric peak torque (p &lt; 0.05), and gait speed (p = 0.024) than the other two interventions. The changes in flexibility and knee flexor strength remained for up to 4 weeks after detraining.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, the present study suggests that home-based ECC may be more beneficial in enhancing physical capacities in older women compared with either DCS or SS interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000017/pdfft?md5=e13261a1c34b0c9366be95e702902cff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities in Poland - First Para Report Card","authors":"Urbański Piotr Kazimierz ,&nbsp;Zembura Paweł ,&nbsp;Ng Kwok ,&nbsp;Korcz Agata","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the Polish Para Report Card, which assesses various aspects of physical activity (PA) and related indicators among Polish children and adolescents with disabilities. This area has been under-researched, especially in the Polish context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The research methodology included systematic literature searches from 2014 to 2022, utilizing databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. This was complemented by outreach to governmental institutions for additional reports and data. The search strategy was aligned with the Global Matrix methodology and aimed at evaluating ten distinct indicators: Overall PA, Organized Sport and PA, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, Government.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Grades were assigned to three of ten indicators. The Overall PA, Sedentary Behavior, and Government indicators each received a D-grade.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study reveals the need for an extensive system to monitor PA among Polish children and adolescents with disabilities, and the development of effective strategies to enhance PA in this group. Children with disabilities in Poland are under-researched in the area of PA compared to their their counterparts without disabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000692/pdfft?md5=838b1576343c82b35d12f1e33a947a15&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000692-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the special olympics unified sports soccer training program on executive function in adolescents with intellectual disabilities","authors":"Rang Xiao ,&nbsp;Ping Xu ,&nbsp;Xue-Lian Liang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zou ,&nbsp;Jiu-Gen Zhong ,&nbsp;Ming-Qiang Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hui Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000680/pdfft?md5=2e63c0247e33e0c3b3859e9817bae12b&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of concurrent training types on lower limb strength and muscular hypertrophy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Yonghui Chen,&nbsp;Xinmiao Feng,&nbsp;Lanmin Huang,&nbsp;Keli Wang,&nbsp;Jing Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to compare, through quantitative analysis, the effectiveness of different endurance training types on increasing lower limb strength and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in concurrent training.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This systematic literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) [PROSPERO ID: CRD42023396886]. Web of Science, SportDiscuss, Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception date to October 20, 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 40 studies (841 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. MCSA analysis showed that, compared to resistance training alone, concurrent high-intensity interval running training and resistance training and concurrent moderate-intensity continuous cycling training and resistance training were more effective (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = −0.46 to 0.76, and SMD = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.24 to 0.38 respectively), while other modalities of concurrent training not. Lower body maximal strength analysis showed that all modalities of concurrent training were inferior to resistance training alone, but concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training showed an advantage in four different concurrent training modalities (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.25 to 0.08). For explosive strength, only concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training was superior to resistance training (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.21 to 0.33).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Different endurance training types have an impact on the effectiveness of concurrent training, particularly on lower limb strength. Adopting high-intensity interval running as the endurance training type in concurrent training can effectively minimize the adverse effects on lower limb strength and MCSA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000679/pdfft?md5=6ec55c3bd008dd4f83ca1018931af172&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000679-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of three different work to rest periods during intermittent sprint training on maintaining sprint effort performance","authors":"Timothy Rogers ,&nbsp;Nicholas Gill ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Beaven","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Team sports are characterised by repeated maximal intensity bursts of activity, requiring significant energy contribution from the phosphagen pathways. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different rest periods on repeated maximal intensity efforts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effect of three different recovery periods (60 s, 90 s and 120 s) during a 10 × six-seconds intermittent sprint training protocol performed on a cycle ergometer was investigated. Thirteen part-time female athletes from two sports, Rugby Sevens and Netball competing for their state participated in the study. Peak Power (PPO), Mean Power (MPO), “total work” in the form of calorie expenditure, performance decrement, repetitions over 95% PPO, blood lactate, and RPE were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a significant effect of condition on MPO and calorie expenditure (p &lt; 0.050). MPO was significantly lower for 60 s compared to 90 s (710.4 vs 734.4 W, ES = 0.27–0.42) and 120 s (710.4 vs 743.3 W, ES = 0.36–0.47). Calorie expenditure was significantly lower for 60 s compared to 90 s (4.41 vs 4.56 cal, ES = 0.25–0.46) and 120 s (4.41 vs 4.59 cal, ES = 0.40–0.48). There was a significant effect of time (60 s 11.7, 90 s 11.1.120 s 10.9 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.010) but not condition (p = 0.617) for blood lactate accumulation, and a significant difference in session RPE between 60 and both 90 s and 120 s (60 s 15.5, 90 s 14.2. p = 0.034 120 s 13.9, p = 0.039).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Shorter recovery durations resulted in decreased mean power and calorie expenditure, but higher RPE when compared to longer recovery periods. All three recovery periods may have fallen between the fast and slow phases of PCr resynthesis of approximately 20 and 180 s resulting in partial but not complete recovery. Total training time should be a consideration when determining what protocol to implement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000667/pdfft?md5=47d8c304eccb6f2ad1759c748fdc20a2&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000667-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from Ireland North and South’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents","authors":"Angela Carlin ,&nbsp;Sinead Connolly ,&nbsp;Tamsyn Redpath ,&nbsp;Sarajane Belton ,&nbsp;Tara Coppinger ,&nbsp;Conor Cunningham ,&nbsp;Alan Donnelly ,&nbsp;Kieran Dowd ,&nbsp;Deirdre Harrington ,&nbsp;Elaine Murtagh ,&nbsp;Kwok Ng ,&nbsp;Wesley O'Brien ,&nbsp;Lauren Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Catherine Woods ,&nbsp;Helen McAvoy ,&nbsp;Marie Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Ireland North and South Report Card on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents aims to monitor progress in PA participation across a range of internationally established indicators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were collated for 11 indicators and graded following the harmonised Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance report card process. Six representative studies (sample size range n = 898 to n = 15,557) were primarily used in the grading, with many indicators supplemented with additional studies and reports. Data collected since the implementation of COVID-19 public health measures in March 2020 were excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Grades were awarded as follows: ‘Overall physical activity’, C-; ‘Organised Sport and Physical Activity’, C; ‘Active Play’, INC; ‘Sedentary Behaviours’, C-; ‘Physical Fitness’, INC; ‘Family and Peers’, D+; ‘School’, C-; ‘Physical Education’, D; ‘Community and Environment’, B+ and ‘Government’, B. Separate grades were awarded for disability as follows; ‘Overall physical activity’, F; ‘Organised Sport and Physical Activity’, D; ‘Sedentary Behaviours’, C-; ‘Family and Peers’, C; ‘School’, C- and ‘Government’, B. ‘Active Play’, ‘Physical Fitness’, ‘Physical Education’ and ‘Community and Environment’ were all graded INC for disability. Since the last report card in 2016, four grades remained the same, three increased (‘Overall physical activity’, ‘School’ and ‘Physical Education’) and two (‘Family and Peers,’ and ‘Government’) were awarded grades for the first time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Grades specific to children and adolescents with disability were generally lower for each indicator. While small improvements have been shown across a few indicators, PA levels remain low across many indicators for children and adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000655/pdfft?md5=82bc8a3c50b13e2283cdb2fe13eaacc6&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000655-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics","authors":"Yuping Zhu,&nbsp;Gang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of sports science and molecular biology technology, academia refers to molecules or microorganisms that mimic or enhance the beneficial effects of exercise on the body, called “exercise mimetics.” This review aims to clarify the concept and development history of exercise mimetics, and to define the concept of exercise mimetics by summarizing its characteristics and functions. Candidate molecules and drug targets for exercise mimetics are summarized, and the relationship between exercise mimetics and exercise is explained, as well as the targeting system and function of exercise mimetics. The main targeting systems for exercise mimetics are the exercise system, circulatory system, endocrine system, endocrine system, and nervous system, while the immune system is potential targeting systems. Finally, future research directions for exercise mimetics are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000643/pdfft?md5=716719c762684dd8c5a9bd4b0771c354&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}