Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Impact of sequence in concurrent training on physical activity, body composition, and fitness in obese young males: A 12-week randomized controlled trial","authors":"Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Tingjun Gong ,&nbsp;Ziyi Ren ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Qinlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined how different sequences of concurrent training impacted physical activity (PA), body composition, and physical fitness in young obese males. We also investigated whether the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing body fat percentage (BF%) was influenced by PA levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12-week randomized controlled trial involving a cohort of 45 obese young males (mean age: 22.42 ± 1.96 years, mean BMI: 29.78 ± 3.37) was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: the CRE group (Resistance Training (RT) followed by Endurance Training (ET)), the CER group (ET followed by RT), and the control group (Con). The training sessions were held three times a week. Measurements, including PA level, body composition, bone density, VO2max, and muscle strength, were assessed before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to those at baseline, following the intervention, both the CRE and CER groups showed significant improvements in various parameters, including PA level, body composition, bone density, VO_2max, and muscle strength (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed in the Con group (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Specifically, the CRE group demonstrated remarkable progress, as evidenced by an increase in MVPA level (η²_p = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), a reduction in fat mass (η²_p = 0.28, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), BF% (η²_p = 0.28, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), android fat (%) (η²_p = 0.21, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), gynoid fat (%) (η²_p = 0.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and various physical fitness indices, such as maximum strength (η²_p = 0.20, <em>p</em> = 0.008), explosive strength (η²_p = 0.38, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and muscular endurance (η²_p = 0.55, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), surpassing the improvements observed in the CER and Con groups. Changes in PA levels during the intervention influence the efficacy of CT in reducing BF%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CT, particularly when RT precedes ET, had the potential to improve PA levels, overall physical fitness, body composition, and bone health in obese young males. Moreover, changes in PA levels during the intervention impacted the effectiveness of CT in reducing BF%.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ChiCTR, ChiCTR2200063892.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of multicomponent structured exercise to improve depression in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shishi Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanping Duan ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To summarize the characteristics, estimate the efficacy of multicomponent structured exercise (MSE) intervention on older adults’ depression, and investigate its potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included MSE intervention with aerobic, resistance and balance components targeting older adults, and reported depression as an outcome were selected. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate effect sizes from the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was conducted to identify the potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data were extracted from 19 studies (22 comparisons) with 1763 older adults. MSE showed a significant intervention effect on buffering older adults' depression (SMD, −0.49; 95 % CI, −0.84 to −0.14) but with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 92 %) and low certainty of evidence. In subgroup analyses, MSE with unhealthy status participants, intervention duration of 12–24 weeks, over 2 times/week intervention frequency, equipment used and <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math></span> 80 % retention rate showed significant effects on improvement of older adults’ depression. Intervention frequency (β, −0.83; 95 % CI, −1.50 to −0.16) and retention rate (β, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.05 to 1.56) were identified as moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MSE significantly improved older adults’ depression. The findings highlighted the importance of intervention frequency and retention rate in enhancing MSE effectiveness. More high quality RCTs are required to explore and optimize the intervention strategies and dosages of MSE to extend the application in the prevention and treatment of geriatric depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels” [J Exerc Sci Fit 23 (1), (2025), 14-20]","authors":"Manqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Yao ,&nbsp;Jiabao Lin ,&nbsp;Feng Du ,&nbsp;Lei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Page 90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the ParticipACTION Report Card on physical activity for children and youth in Canada: 2015–2024","authors":"Leigh M. Vanderloo ,&nbsp;Brianne A. Bruijns ,&nbsp;Nicholas Kuzik ,&nbsp;Emily Stone ,&nbsp;Mark S. Tremblay","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Canada has produced 16 national Report Cards on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth over the past 20 years. This manuscript details the impact of the most recent Report Cards released between 2015 and 2024, updating evidence since the publication of the impact paper focused on the first 10 years (2005–2014).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Various quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to catalogue the developmental history and background of the Report Card, its leadership and sources of funding; consolidate and discuss the various evaluations and assessments that have been performed on the Report Card from 2015 to 2024; describe the distribution and reach of the Report Card from 2015 to 2024; and, examine the multi-dimensional impact of the Report Card on propelling the movement to get children and youth moving over the past 10 years in Canada and internationally.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Leadership by ParticipACTION has led to replicating the Children and Youth Report Card in over 70 jurisdictions, with many examples of beneficial cross-fertilization of ideas across jurisdictions and sectors. The multisectoral impact of the Report Card in Canada continues to be substantial, though sustained funding remains a challenge. There is modest evidence that grades for some indicators are drifting upwards. Deliberate efforts have been made to better integrate evidence and gaps related to the physical activity of equity-denied groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the past 10 years, the ParticipACTION Children and Youth Report Card has continued to have a measurable, positive impact on the pediatric physical activity field in Canada (and beyond).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee strength balance ratios are not affected by aging among male runners","authors":"Ronaldo Alves da Cunha ,&nbsp;Vinícius Ribeiro dos Anjos Souza ,&nbsp;Lavínia Vivan ,&nbsp;Aldo Seffrin ,&nbsp;Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ,&nbsp;Katja Weiss ,&nbsp;Beat Knechtle ,&nbsp;Marilia Santos Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess thigh muscular strength, conventional and functional strength balance ratios, and muscle quality in well-trained male runners aged 20–70 yr.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-nine male runners were divided into five age categories: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–70 yr. Participants underwent an isokinetic strength test for knee flexor and extensor muscles and a body composition analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference was observed in concentric peak torque of the knee extensor muscles between the 20–29 and 40–49 age groups. However, the 50–59 age group showed significantly lower strength than the 20–29 age group (<em>p</em> = 0.049), and the 60–70 age group demonstrated significantly lower strength than the 40–49 group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The conventional and functional balance ratios remain stable across all age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Knee flexor and extensor strength in male runners decreases significantly after the age of 50, while conventional and functional strength balance ratios remain stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of trabecular bone microarchitecture between older males with and without a running habit: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shubo Wang ,&nbsp;Fanjing Meng ,&nbsp;Dingbo Shu ,&nbsp;Haizhen Huang ,&nbsp;Yanjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyu Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite its prevalence among seniors, the impact of running on trabecular bone microarchitecture, especially in weight-bearing sites, remains relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the impact of habitual running on bone health, specifically bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone microarchitecture, in male older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five male recreational runners aged between 50 and 75 years old were recruited in this study (RUN; average running experience 7.5 ± 6.0 years, average monthly running volume 217 ± 120 km), and 25 age matched sedentary older males served as controls (CON). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to obtain bone mineral density (BMD) measures at whole-body, bilateral proximal femur as well as lumbar spine for all participants. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain trabecular bone microarchitectural parameters at distal femur and distal tibia for all participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings revealed no significant difference in BMD between groups for all measured sites (all p &gt; 0.05; d range 0.013–0.540). However, runners displayed higher bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness at the distal tibia (p = 0.012 and 0.001; 95 % CI of MD [-0.030, −0.004] and [-0.013, −0.004]; d = 0.739 and 1.034, respectively) and higher trabecular thickness at the distal femur (p = 0.002; 95 % CI of MD [-0.010, −0.002]; d = 0.907).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides critical insights into the relationship between running and bone health in older adults, suggesting regular recreational running may positively influence trabecular bone microarchitecture, potentially enhancing bone strength and reducing fracture risk. These findings pave the way for future research to develop evidence-based exercise recommendations for an aging population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute high-intensity interval exercise is superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in enhancing endothelial function and its associated biomarkers in sedentary young individuals: the possible involvement of lactate","authors":"Ziqing Liu ,&nbsp;Jinglin Huang ,&nbsp;Min Hu ,&nbsp;Xuyan Cui ,&nbsp;Lu Leng ,&nbsp;Kangle Wang ,&nbsp;Jiarui Wu ,&nbsp;Shan He ,&nbsp;Weiji Deng ,&nbsp;Peilun Li ,&nbsp;Yilin Chen ,&nbsp;Dongdong Gao ,&nbsp;Haijie Yu ,&nbsp;Junhao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our study investigated the effects of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on endothelial function and its associated biomarkers in sedentary young individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen subjects (10M / 5F; 22 ± 2 years; BMI: 23.07 ± 4.12 kg/m²) participated in a crossover trial including three experimental conditions: HIIE, MICE, and a control session of rest (CON) in random order separated by a 7-day washout period. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD), mean shear rate (MSR), and circulating levels of blood lactate, VEGF, IGF-1, and irisin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both HIIE and MICE significantly enhanced FMD% (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, respectively), lactate (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), VEGF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, respectively), IGF-1 (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and irisin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, respectively), with a greater extent after HIIE compared to MICE in FMD% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), MSR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lactate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), VEGF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and IGF-1 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, change (post-pre) in FMD% was positively correlated with changes in MSR, lactate, and VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions. Change in MSR was positively associated with changes in lactate and VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions. Furthermore, enhancement in lactate was correlated with enhancements in VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute HIIE is a more effective method than MICE at improving endothelial function in sedentary young individuals and increases in lactate and its mediated VEGF release, attributed to increase in shear rate after exercise, are involved in regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral alterations in sensorimotor function and altered sensory strategy in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability","authors":"Xiaomei Hu ,&nbsp;Xihe Hou ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate bilateral sensorimotor function in patients with unilateral CAI. Furthermore, sensory reweighting ability and vestibular modulation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty individuals with unilateral CAI and twenty healthy controls participated in this study. All participants executed ankle proprioception, plantar sensation, unilateral stance, Y balance, motor control test (MCT) and sensory organisation test (SOT) assessments. Proprioception assessment included joint position sense and force sense (FS), and plantar sensation evaluation consisted of light-touch, vibration and two-point discrimination (TPD) thresholds at the heel, head of the first metatarsal (1 MF), base of the fifth metatarsal (5 MF), centre of foot and forefoot. MCT and SOT tests were conducted using NeuroCom Balance Manager System. Except for SOT, all tests evaluated bilateral limbs, and the order of limbs was randomly selected. 2 (group) × 2 (limb) mixed model analyses of variance were performed for outcome measures of unilateral stance, Y balance and MCT, and independent <em>t</em>-test was used to analyse the outcomes of SOT between two groups. Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon test were applied to examine the differences in plantar sensation between groups and limbs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For plantar sensation, increased light-touch threshold at heel and 1 MF and the TPD threshold at 1 MF were observed bilaterally in CAI group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed in joint position sense (JPS), but bilateral deficit was found in plantarflexor FS with moderate effect size (uninjured side: ES = 0.67; injured side: ES = 0.61) in CAI group. For unilateral stance with eyes closed, moderate postural instability was displayed bilaterally in the anteroposterior direction (uninjured side: ES = 0.71; injured side: ES = 0.86). The delayed latency of MCT with medium-backward translation was also observed in both sides of unilateral CAI (uninjured: ES = 0.74; injured: ES = 0.92). Compared with healthy controls, higher visual reliance was shown moderately in the injured and uninjured sides of unilateral CAI (uninjured: ES = 0.78; injured: ES = 0.91). Sensory analysis of SOT displayed decreased use of visual (p = 0.001) and vestibular information (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.000) in CAI group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Unilateral CAI presented impaired plantar sensation and ankle proprioception on both sides. Higher visual reliance, delayed motor response and postural instability under unreliable visual clues were also displayed bilaterally. Except for bilateral sensorimotor alterations, reduced ability of sensory reweighting and fixed sensory strategy also presented in CAI group, but the somatosensory clue still served as the main sensory source in CAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Jianyu Gan ,&nbsp;Jiya He ,&nbsp;Kaixiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhangyuting Shang ,&nbsp;Gengxin Dong ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><div>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may help middle-aged and older adults resist age-related neurodegenerative conditions and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggested that Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) may be a promising strategy to improve the BDNF levels of these populations, while the effectiveness has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of TCEs intervention on BDNF in middle-aged and older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The search was conducted in November 2024 in seven Chinese and English databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten publications consisting of 543 participants were included. The overall effect size of TCEs on BDNF was large and significant [Hedges'g = 0.82, 95 % CI (0.55, 1.09), p &lt; 0.01]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effect size was non-significant for participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (p = 0.08), while significant for participants with normal cognitive function (p &lt; 0.01). In the meta-regression, moderators such as the mean age, sex, and baseline BDNF levels of participants, as well as total TCEs time were not associated with outcome variables. The certainty of the evidence was assessed as moderate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that TCEs intervention could increase the levels of BDNF in middle-aged and older adults with normal cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, identifier: CRD42023484121.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with physical fitness and disparities in population segments among older adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuqin Rao ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Fanhui Zheng ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Zhai ,&nbsp;Jintao Hong ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Bao Liu ,&nbsp;Dao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with physical fitness and disparities in population segments among older adults, using data from the National Physical Fitness Surveilling Survey of China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 13524 older adults aged 60–79 years were involved in the study. Participants completed physical fitness assessments encompassing body fat percentage, lung capacity, high leg raise in place, grip strength, seated forward bending, 30-s sit-to-stand test, single-leg standing with eyes closed, and choice reaction time. A profile analysis model was constructed by feature extraction, label design and clustering using principal component analysis and k-prototypes. Factors associated with physical fitness were analyzed using ordered probit regression, and within-group differences were evaluated through the bootstrap method.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The older adults were categorized into four clusters based on the clustering results (Cluster I: n = 2728, Cluster II: n = 6067, Cluster III: n = 4189, Cluster IV: n = 540). Significant positive associations were identified between moderate-to-vigorous transport-related activities &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.001, p &lt; 0.05), moderate-to-vigorous household chores (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.003, p &lt; 0.01), work-related physical activity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.001, p &lt; 0.01), exercise (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.002, p &lt; 0.01) and physical fitness levels. Conversely, the number of illnesses (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = -0.089, p &lt; 0.01) and sedentary behavior (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = -0.002, p &lt; 0.05) were negatively associated with physical fitness. Inflection points were observed, indicating shifts from lower level to higher physical fitness levels as the volume of diverse moderate-to-vigorous physical activities increased. Disparities in factors associated with physical fitness were identified across the different clusters. The associations of household chores, transport-related activities, and work-related physical activity with physical fitness lacked robustness during heterogeneity processing. In contrast, exercise consistently demonstrated a facilitating role across all clusters. Furthermore, greater marginal effects on achieving higher physical fitness test scores were observed among individuals classified as inactive when engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous activities and exercise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings demonstrate that engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and exercise is associated with a significantly higher probability of achieving better physical fitness among older adults. Participating in physical ac","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}