Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial health in young-, and middle-age women: A mediation effect of body composition","authors":"Jitanan Laosiripisan , Napasakorn Chuensiri , Prin Ongkeaw , Thanonwat Sriputsayathanoth , Sawitree Poonpetpradab , Pornpicha Narmgate","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of local and remote ischemic preconditioning on 3-min all-out exercise performance: A randomized controlled crossover study","authors":"Weerapong Chidnok ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsuan Kuo ,&nbsp;Chu Chen ,&nbsp;Chi-Hsueh Pan ,&nbsp;Ching-Feng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the influences of local ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on muscle deoxygenation before and during a 3-min all-out cycling test (3 MT), as well as on 3 MT performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen male athletes completed LIPC (thighs, 220 mmHg, 4 × 5 min), RIPC (upper limbs, 30 mmHg above systolic blood pressure, 4 × 5 min), and SHAM (thighs, 20 mmHg, 4 × 5 min) interventions in a randomized crossover design, with a 4-day washout period between sessions. The 3 MT was conducted 45 min after each intervention. Parameters derived from the 3 MT included end-test power output (EP) and the work performed above EP (WEP). Muscle oxygenation of the thigh and blood biochemical variables (lactate, pH, nitric oxide, and norepinephrine) were assessed before and during exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the resting period between the intervention and the 3 MT, deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin were significantly higher in the LIPC condition than in RIPC and SHAM (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed among conditions in peak oxygen uptake, slow component amplitude, EP, WEP, or blood biochemical variables during the 3 MT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LIPC increased muscle total hemoglobin during the post-intervention resting period, particularly within 10 min of the final occlusion. However, neither LIPC nor RIPC improved performance during high-intensity cycling exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-lagged analysis of mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among university students","authors":"Zhou Xielin ,&nbsp;Zhang Mu ,&nbsp;Chen Lu ,&nbsp;Li Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Exercise self-efficacy refers to an individual's cognitive ability to believe that they can accomplish the goals and tasks of physical activity, which is particularly important for developing physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among college students, and to provide intervention directions and theoretical insights for developing college students' physical and mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the College Students' Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, a longitudinal follow-up survey of 407 college students in provinces X and Y was conducted at 3-month intervals in May 2024 (T1) and August 2024 (T2) to analyze the mechanism of the interaction between the College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale and the exercise self-efficacy using cross-lagging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no significant difference between mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among college students in terms of gender, academic year, and age. It was found that T1 mobile phone addiction positively predicted T2 bedtime procrastination (β = 0.15, p &lt; 0.05), while T1 bedtime procrastination positively predicted T2 mobile phone addiction (β = 0.15, p &lt; 0.001), indicating that mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination predicted each other temporally. In addition, T1 bedtime procrastination negatively predicted T2 exercise self-efficacy (β = −0.10, p &lt; 0.05) and T1 mobile phone addiction negatively predicted T2 exercise self-efficacy (β = −0.12, p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was a longitudinal predictive relationship between cell phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy; cell phone addiction and bedtime procrastination predicted each other; bedtime procrastination predicted exercise self-efficacy; and cell phone addiction predicted exercise self-efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 333-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mindfulness-based interventions on sports performance and mental health: An umbrella review","authors":"Boyuan Xie ,&nbsp;Siman Lei ,&nbsp;Ngai Choi ,&nbsp;Siu Ming Choi ,&nbsp;Xiuqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>While Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are increasingly explored for enhancing sports performance and mental health in athletes, existing systematic reviews present conflicting results regarding their efficacy due to methodological inconsistencies and varied athlete populations. To address these discrepancies, this umbrella review critically evaluates evidence from systematic reviews to determine the aggregate effects of MBIs on sports performance, mindfulness indicators, and mental health outcomes among athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were conducted from inception to January 2024. Included studies were systematic reviews examining MBIs for athletic populations and reporting on sports performance, mindfulness indicators, or mental health outcomes. Methodological quality of included reviews was appraised using AMSTAR-2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen systematic reviews and meta-analyses, encompassing 10,503 athletes, met inclusion criteria. Most reviews indicated positive trends for MBIs in improving sports performance, mindfulness indicators and various mental health outcomes. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity in primary study designs and MBIs protocols across reviews limited definitive conclusions. Critically, AMSTAR-2 assessments revealed that the majority (11 of 15, 73 %) of included reviews were of critically low methodological quality, with the remainder rated as low quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While MBIs show potential to foster improved sports performance and mental health in athletes, the current evidence base is considerably weakened by the poor methodological quality of existing systematic reviews. A pressing need exists for future research to employ more rigorous methodologies, standardised intervention protocols, and consistent outcome reporting to establish a robust evidence base for the application of MBIs in sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor proficiency as a predictor of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults: Insights from accelerometer-derived and self-reported measures","authors":"Jane Jie Yu ,&nbsp;Ting-zhou Jin ,&nbsp;Jia Yi Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the associations of motor proficiency (MP) with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in young adults who are facing elevated risks of physical inactivity and underdeveloped motor competence nowadays.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a cross-sectional design, 103 university students aged 18–21 years were recruited in China for this study. MP was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd Edition). The time spent in PA (light PA [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and SB were measured using both ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometers (worn for 7 consecutive days) and the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. PA and SB were compared by different MP levels (i.e., below average [MP-below] and at or above average [MP-above]) and gender. The associations of MP with accelerometer-derived and self-reported PA and SB outcomes and the agreement between the two measures were further ascertained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 100 participants with valid data for analyses (73 females, 27 males; mean aged 19.76 ± 1.06 years), the MP-above group engaged significantly more in PA and less in SB than the MP-below group. Males performed significantly better than females on MP and spent less time on LPA (both p &lt; .05). After adjusting for confounders, MP was a significant predictor of both total PA (p &lt; .05) and sedentary time (p &lt; .05) regardless of measurement modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MP is an independent predictor of PA and SB in university students, with males performing better in MP than their female peers. Developing effective and tailored programs that improve MP is important when promoting PA and health among young adults, particularly those with poor MP and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 284-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world efficacy of equipment-free reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training in improving physical and mental health in inactive males: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Mingzhu Hu ,&nbsp;Xuedong Chen ,&nbsp;Jinlei Nie ,&nbsp;Qingde Shi ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Although reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) confers well-documented health benefits, most supporting evidence derives from laboratory studies that rely on specialized equipment. This study examined the real-world efficacy of equipment-free REHIT using burpees (BIT) in sedentary young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12-week randomized controlled trial (n = 319 inactive men, age 20.5 ± 1.1 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO_2max] 37.7 ± 1.4 ml/min/kg) compared four cohorts: supervised BIT (n = 79), unsupervised BIT in real-world conditions (BIT-RW; n = 79), supervised cycling-based sprint interval training (SIT; n = 82), and a non-exercising control (CON; n = 79). Exercise groups performed 2 × 20s all-out effort sessions 3–5 times weekly. Training and affective responses were monitored throughout the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and mental health (stress, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, resilience, and health-related quality of life [QoL]).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The supervised BIT achieved 91 %–94 % of maximal heart rate (HR_max), compared to ∼90 % HR_max in BIT-RW. All exercise groups exhibited significant physiological improvements: 6 %–8 % body mass reduction, 8 %–13 % VO_2max increase (<em>η</em>^<em>2</em><em>p</em> = 0.7–0.8, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, exercise training resulted in significant reductions in stress (49–61 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), anxiety (37–86 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), depression (14–48 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), as well as improvements in resilience (22–27 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and QoL (14–27 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Supervised BIT matched SIT in VO_2max gains (5.0 ± 0.6 ml/min/kg), while BIT-RW showed smaller physiological benefits (3.0 ± 0.6 ml/min/kg) but 10 % greater improvements in affective responses (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that a 40-s equipment-free REHIT protocol utilizing burpees improves both physical and mental health outcomes, even when implemented in unsupervised free-living settings. These findings suggest that BIT is an accessible and time-efficient training option for individuals constrained by limited access to equipment or professional oversight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 273-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of acute and chronic cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity of the upper and lower extremity muscles in young healthy females","authors":"Xuanyao Liu,&nbsp;Bin Leng,&nbsp;Haizhen Huang,&nbsp;Yadan He,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise on specific skeletal muscle microvascular function, despite its importance. This study aimed to assess the acute and chronic effects of cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity in the upper and lower extremities of young healthy females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen young healthy females performed an acute bout of cycling exercise on a cycle ergometer at 75 % of their maximal heart rate for 30 min, both before and after cycling training three times a week for eight weeks. For each bout of acute exercise, microvascular function in the biceps brachii (BB) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique, measured pre-exercise and at 20-, 40-, and 60-min post-exercise. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total body fat mass, abdominal fat mass and leg fat mass were significantly reduced by training. Before training, cycling exercise acutely improved microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Eight weeks of cycling training significantly improved resting microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Training had no impact on post-exercise microvascular reactivity at VL, but elicited improvement in BB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute and chronic cycling exercise enhanced skeletal muscle microvascular responses in the upper extremity of young healthy females, but this effect was not observed in the lower extremity. Training enhanced post-exercise microvascular responses at upper extremity but not lower extremity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing gross motor performance, physical fitness between young children with and without sensory integration dysfunction","authors":"Zhexiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Hang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of the present study was to investigate whether children with sensory integration dysfunction (SID) exhibit delays in gross motor performance and physical fitness compared to those with typical sensory integration development (TSID). Further, the developmental characteristics related to gross motor performance and physical fitness were examined in children with SID, taking into account differences in the severity of dysfunction (mild versus severe) and gender.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 273 children were randomly recruited, including 115 children with SID, comprising 85 with mild SID (MSID) and 30 with severe SID (SSID). All participants underwent assessments of gross motor skills and physical fitness using the “TGMD-2″ and the “NPFMM” protocols. The covariance method was employed to analyze differences in gross motor skills and physical fitness among children with SSID, MSID, and TSID, as well as gender-based differences between children with SID and those with TSID.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;(1) Children with SID demonstrated significantly lower gross motor performance compared to their TSID peers (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Notable deficits were observed in tasks such as jumping, kicking, striking, and in the object control composite and total gross motor scores. Among boys, those with SID showed significantly reduced performance in gross motor tasks including jumping, galloping, and sliding, along with lower locomotor composite and total gross motor scores relative to TSID boys. Girls with SID exhibited significant impairments in leaping, sliding, kicking, and throwing, with correspondingly lower object control composite scores compared to TSID girls. Additionally, girls with SSID demonstrated a significantly lower sliding score than those with MSID. (2) With respect to physical fitness, children with SID performed significantly worse than TSID children in measures of agility, speed, and balance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Specifically, boys with SID showed significant deficiencies in agility compared to boys with TSID, while girls with SID displayed notable shortcomings in speed compared to girls with TSID. In addition, children with MSID exhibited significantly better overall agility compared to those with SSID, and girls with MSID demonstrated superior performance in speed relative to their SSID counterparts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The overall development of gross motor skills and physical fitness in children with SID was observed to be comparatively delayed relative to children with TSID. Gender-specific developmental differences were identified among children with SID. Specifically, boys with SID exhibited pronounced delays in locomotor skills and agility, whereas girls with SID primarily demonstrated deficiencies in object control skills and speed. Furthermore, although children with SSID showed poorer performance in gross motor skills and physical fitness co","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of training volume settings between unilateral training and bilateral training on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Meiling Tao ,&nbsp;George P. Nassis ,&nbsp;Yuou Song ,&nbsp;Mingyue Yin ,&nbsp;Chenwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengde Lyu ,&nbsp;Zhili Chen ,&nbsp;Yuming Zhong ,&nbsp;Chris Bishop ,&nbsp;Yongming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The unilateral/bilateral dimension refers to whether an action is performed by one side of the body alone or involves both sides simultaneously. Unilateral training (UT) and bilateral training (BT) have been shown to enhance athletic performance. However, there are differences in training volume settings between unilateral and bilateral training, making it essential to understand their characteristics for optimizing training protocols and improving competitive level.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This systematic review aimed to: 1) explore the effects of training volume settings between unilateral training and bilateral training on improvements in athletic performance (muscle strength, jump performance, sprint time, and change of direction time), and 2) investigate the moderating effects on testing metrics, training frequency, and training protocol on athletic performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science (Core Collection) on June 5, 2024, and updated on April 17, 2025. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of UT versus BT on athletic performance in athlete. Pooled effects for each outcome were summarized using Standardized Mean Difference [Hedges' g (g)] through a three-level meta-analysis model, and subgroup analyses were used to explore moderators. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of nine high-quality randomized controlled trials were included, involving 225 athletes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in improving athletic performance whether the training volume of UT and BT was the same (g = 0.20 [-1.56, 1.15], I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-2 = 77.8 %; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-3 = 0.0 %, low GRADE) or when the UT volume was twice that of BT (−0.04 [-0.14, 0.06], I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-2 = 93.8 %; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-3 = 0.0 %, moderate GRADE). When the training volumes of UT and BT were the same, the impact on athletic performance was not significantly moderated by test items, training frequency, or training protocols. Neither unilateral test metrics (g = −0.84) nor bilateral test metrics (g = −0.90) showed significant improvement. There was no significant difference between training twice a week (g = −0.16) and training three times a week (g = −0.19). Similarly, there was no significant difference between conducting plyometric training (g = −0.16) and another instance of plyometric training (g = −0.19). When the UT volume was twice that of BT, it might be significantly moderated by test items, but training frequency and training protocols were likely not significant moderators. Unilateral test metrics (g = −0.39) and bilateral test metrics (g = 0.64) both showed significant improvements. There was still no significant difference between training twice a week (g = −0.14) and training three times a week (g = 0","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is muscle-strengthening exercise associated with better academic performance of Literacy, Mathematics and Language? Results from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Zhenyu Cen ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;José Francisco López-Gil ,&nbsp;Xingyi Yang ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Li ,&nbsp;Sitong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to assess the associations of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with academic performance (AP) of different subjects in Chinese school-aged children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data on 67,281 students were included. Engagement in MSE was assessed using a specific question, and AP was assessed through self-reported grade in Literacy (Chinese), Mathematics, and Language (English). The analysis explored the associations between days of engagement in MSE and AP in Chinese, Mathematics, and English, separately. Results were presented as odds ratios (ORs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a generally progressive increase in the likelihood of better AP of Chinese, Mathematics and English with increase in days of MSE. Specifically, one day of MSE per week was associated with an 11 % increase of better AP in Chinese, with a gradual increase up to 4 days per week (OR = 1.42), peaking at 6 days. The odds of enhanced AP related to Mathematics increased with days of MSE, starting with a 9 % increase for 1 day per week (OR = 1.09), and reaching a 39 % increase at 4 days per week. The odds of improved AP in English were 9 % higher for 1 day per week of MSE and continued to a 31 % increase for 4 days per week.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests the potential positive role of MSE in enhancing AP in children and adolescents. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings based on longitudinal or intervention studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 306-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}