Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Knee strength balance ratios are not affected by aging among male runners","authors":"Ronaldo Alves da Cunha ,&nbsp;Vinícius Ribeiro dos Anjos Souza ,&nbsp;Lavínia Vivan ,&nbsp;Aldo Seffrin ,&nbsp;Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ,&nbsp;Katja Weiss ,&nbsp;Beat Knechtle ,&nbsp;Marilia Santos Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess thigh muscular strength, conventional and functional strength balance ratios, and muscle quality in well-trained male runners aged 20–70 yr.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-nine male runners were divided into five age categories: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–70 yr. Participants underwent an isokinetic strength test for knee flexor and extensor muscles and a body composition analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference was observed in concentric peak torque of the knee extensor muscles between the 20–29 and 40–49 age groups. However, the 50–59 age group showed significantly lower strength than the 20–29 age group (<em>p</em> = 0.049), and the 60–70 age group demonstrated significantly lower strength than the 40–49 group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The conventional and functional balance ratios remain stable across all age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Knee flexor and extensor strength in male runners decreases significantly after the age of 50, while conventional and functional strength balance ratios remain stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of trabecular bone microarchitecture between older males with and without a running habit: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shubo Wang ,&nbsp;Fanjing Meng ,&nbsp;Dingbo Shu ,&nbsp;Haizhen Huang ,&nbsp;Yanjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyu Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite its prevalence among seniors, the impact of running on trabecular bone microarchitecture, especially in weight-bearing sites, remains relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the impact of habitual running on bone health, specifically bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone microarchitecture, in male older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five male recreational runners aged between 50 and 75 years old were recruited in this study (RUN; average running experience 7.5 ± 6.0 years, average monthly running volume 217 ± 120 km), and 25 age matched sedentary older males served as controls (CON). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to obtain bone mineral density (BMD) measures at whole-body, bilateral proximal femur as well as lumbar spine for all participants. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain trabecular bone microarchitectural parameters at distal femur and distal tibia for all participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings revealed no significant difference in BMD between groups for all measured sites (all p &gt; 0.05; d range 0.013–0.540). However, runners displayed higher bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness at the distal tibia (p = 0.012 and 0.001; 95 % CI of MD [-0.030, −0.004] and [-0.013, −0.004]; d = 0.739 and 1.034, respectively) and higher trabecular thickness at the distal femur (p = 0.002; 95 % CI of MD [-0.010, −0.002]; d = 0.907).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides critical insights into the relationship between running and bone health in older adults, suggesting regular recreational running may positively influence trabecular bone microarchitecture, potentially enhancing bone strength and reducing fracture risk. These findings pave the way for future research to develop evidence-based exercise recommendations for an aging population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute high-intensity interval exercise is superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in enhancing endothelial function and its associated biomarkers in sedentary young individuals: the possible involvement of lactate","authors":"Ziqing Liu ,&nbsp;Jinglin Huang ,&nbsp;Min Hu ,&nbsp;Xuyan Cui ,&nbsp;Lu Leng ,&nbsp;Kangle Wang ,&nbsp;Jiarui Wu ,&nbsp;Shan He ,&nbsp;Weiji Deng ,&nbsp;Peilun Li ,&nbsp;Yilin Chen ,&nbsp;Dongdong Gao ,&nbsp;Haijie Yu ,&nbsp;Junhao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our study investigated the effects of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on endothelial function and its associated biomarkers in sedentary young individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen subjects (10M / 5F; 22 ± 2 years; BMI: 23.07 ± 4.12 kg/m²) participated in a crossover trial including three experimental conditions: HIIE, MICE, and a control session of rest (CON) in random order separated by a 7-day washout period. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD), mean shear rate (MSR), and circulating levels of blood lactate, VEGF, IGF-1, and irisin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both HIIE and MICE significantly enhanced FMD% (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, respectively), lactate (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), VEGF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, respectively), IGF-1 (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and irisin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, respectively), with a greater extent after HIIE compared to MICE in FMD% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), MSR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lactate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), VEGF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and IGF-1 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, change (post-pre) in FMD% was positively correlated with changes in MSR, lactate, and VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions. Change in MSR was positively associated with changes in lactate and VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions. Furthermore, enhancement in lactate was correlated with enhancements in VEGF in both HIIE and MICE conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute HIIE is a more effective method than MICE at improving endothelial function in sedentary young individuals and increases in lactate and its mediated VEGF release, attributed to increase in shear rate after exercise, are involved in regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral alterations in sensorimotor function and altered sensory strategy in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability","authors":"Xiaomei Hu ,&nbsp;Xihe Hou ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate bilateral sensorimotor function in patients with unilateral CAI. Furthermore, sensory reweighting ability and vestibular modulation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty individuals with unilateral CAI and twenty healthy controls participated in this study. All participants executed ankle proprioception, plantar sensation, unilateral stance, Y balance, motor control test (MCT) and sensory organisation test (SOT) assessments. Proprioception assessment included joint position sense and force sense (FS), and plantar sensation evaluation consisted of light-touch, vibration and two-point discrimination (TPD) thresholds at the heel, head of the first metatarsal (1 MF), base of the fifth metatarsal (5 MF), centre of foot and forefoot. MCT and SOT tests were conducted using NeuroCom Balance Manager System. Except for SOT, all tests evaluated bilateral limbs, and the order of limbs was randomly selected. 2 (group) × 2 (limb) mixed model analyses of variance were performed for outcome measures of unilateral stance, Y balance and MCT, and independent <em>t</em>-test was used to analyse the outcomes of SOT between two groups. Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon test were applied to examine the differences in plantar sensation between groups and limbs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For plantar sensation, increased light-touch threshold at heel and 1 MF and the TPD threshold at 1 MF were observed bilaterally in CAI group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed in joint position sense (JPS), but bilateral deficit was found in plantarflexor FS with moderate effect size (uninjured side: ES = 0.67; injured side: ES = 0.61) in CAI group. For unilateral stance with eyes closed, moderate postural instability was displayed bilaterally in the anteroposterior direction (uninjured side: ES = 0.71; injured side: ES = 0.86). The delayed latency of MCT with medium-backward translation was also observed in both sides of unilateral CAI (uninjured: ES = 0.74; injured: ES = 0.92). Compared with healthy controls, higher visual reliance was shown moderately in the injured and uninjured sides of unilateral CAI (uninjured: ES = 0.78; injured: ES = 0.91). Sensory analysis of SOT displayed decreased use of visual (p = 0.001) and vestibular information (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.000) in CAI group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Unilateral CAI presented impaired plantar sensation and ankle proprioception on both sides. Higher visual reliance, delayed motor response and postural instability under unreliable visual clues were also displayed bilaterally. Except for bilateral sensorimotor alterations, reduced ability of sensory reweighting and fixed sensory strategy also presented in CAI group, but the somatosensory clue still served as the main sensory source in CAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Jianyu Gan ,&nbsp;Jiya He ,&nbsp;Kaixiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhangyuting Shang ,&nbsp;Gengxin Dong ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><div>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may help middle-aged and older adults resist age-related neurodegenerative conditions and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggested that Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) may be a promising strategy to improve the BDNF levels of these populations, while the effectiveness has yet to be definitively confirmed due to the variances in the study designs and observations. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of TCEs intervention on BDNF in middle-aged and older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The search was conducted in November 2024 in seven Chinese and English databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size and the impact of potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten publications consisting of 543 participants were included. The overall effect size of TCEs on BDNF was large and significant [Hedges'g = 0.82, 95 % CI (0.55, 1.09), p &lt; 0.01]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effect size was non-significant for participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (p = 0.08), while significant for participants with normal cognitive function (p &lt; 0.01). In the meta-regression, moderators such as the mean age, sex, and baseline BDNF levels of participants, as well as total TCEs time were not associated with outcome variables. The certainty of the evidence was assessed as moderate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that TCEs intervention could increase the levels of BDNF in middle-aged and older adults with normal cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, identifier: CRD42023484121.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with physical fitness and disparities in population segments among older adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuqin Rao ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Fanhui Zheng ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Zhai ,&nbsp;Jintao Hong ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Bao Liu ,&nbsp;Dao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with physical fitness and disparities in population segments among older adults, using data from the National Physical Fitness Surveilling Survey of China.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A cross-sectional study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 13524 older adults aged 60–79 years were involved in the study. Participants completed physical fitness assessments encompassing body fat percentage, lung capacity, high leg raise in place, grip strength, seated forward bending, 30-s sit-to-stand test, single-leg standing with eyes closed, and choice reaction time. A profile analysis model was constructed by feature extraction, label design and clustering using principal component analysis and k-prototypes. Factors associated with physical fitness were analyzed using ordered probit regression, and within-group differences were evaluated through the bootstrap method.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The older adults were categorized into four clusters based on the clustering results (Cluster I: n = 2728, Cluster II: n = 6067, Cluster III: n = 4189, Cluster IV: n = 540). Significant positive associations were identified between moderate-to-vigorous transport-related activities &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.001, p &lt; 0.05), moderate-to-vigorous household chores (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.003, p &lt; 0.01), work-related physical activity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.001, p &lt; 0.01), exercise (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = 0.002, p &lt; 0.01) and physical fitness levels. Conversely, the number of illnesses (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = -0.089, p &lt; 0.01) and sedentary behavior (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; = -0.002, p &lt; 0.05) were negatively associated with physical fitness. Inflection points were observed, indicating shifts from lower level to higher physical fitness levels as the volume of diverse moderate-to-vigorous physical activities increased. Disparities in factors associated with physical fitness were identified across the different clusters. The associations of household chores, transport-related activities, and work-related physical activity with physical fitness lacked robustness during heterogeneity processing. In contrast, exercise consistently demonstrated a facilitating role across all clusters. Furthermore, greater marginal effects on achieving higher physical fitness test scores were observed among individuals classified as inactive when engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous activities and exercise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings demonstrate that engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and exercise is associated with a significantly higher probability of achieving better physical fitness among older adults. Participating in physical ac","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical fitness assessment tools for children with developmental coordination disorder and their feasibility for low-income settings: A systematic review","authors":"Monica Maria do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Jorge Lopes Cavalcante-Neto ,&nbsp;Meyene Duque Weber ,&nbsp;Paula Cristina dos Santos Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Andreia N. Pizarro ,&nbsp;Maria Olga Fernandes Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>This study systematically reviewed the literature on physical fitness assessment tools for children with developmental coordination disorder compared with typically developing children aged 7 to 10 and analyzed the feasibility of these tools for use in low-income settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO/RIC databases. The Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale assessed the methodological quality of the studies, and a checklist adapted from COSMIN assessed the feasibility of the instruments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 8470 studies initially retrieved, 21 were included in this systematic review. The most assessed physical fitness components in children with developmental coordination disorder compared with typically developing children were cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Most studies had high methodological quality. The shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness) and handgrip dynamometer (muscle strength) were the most used tools. The PERF-FIT, long jump, and 6-min walk test were considered the most feasible tools for low-income settings, while the incremental treadmill test was deemed the least feasible.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings evidenced several viable tools for testing physical fitness in children with DCD compared to typically developing peers from low-income countries. The most viable, as PERF-FIT, long jump and 6-min walk test should be used on large scale in low-income settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary isometric contractions at maximal shortening as a new technique to achieve neuromuscular re-education in healthy subjects","authors":"Julio-Artemi Hernández-Trujillo ,&nbsp;María-Dolores González-Rivera ,&nbsp;Jorge M. González-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>objectives</em>: Neuromuscular re-education has focused on improving motor activities in patients with pathologies by retraining the nervous system. However, this has not yet been investigated in healthy individuals. Voluntary isometric contractions at maximal muscle shortening (VICAMS) is a new technique with the same objective. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of these techniques on range of motion, strength, and vertical jump.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy, recreationally active participants (mean age: 46.4 ± 5.5), were randomly assigned to three groups (VICAMS, ballistic stretching, and control) who were trained for eight weeks. To assess chronic effects, active range of motion, maximal isometric strength, and countermovement jump height were determined before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Main effects of time and time∗group interactions were found for all variables (p &lt; 0.001). Between-group differences were observed in the VICAMS group after the intervention, with significantly higher flexibility and strength values compared to the other groups. Intra-group differences were observed in the VICAMS and ballistic groups, as the values for all variables increased from baseline. In the VICAMS group, increases were observed in both flexibility (19.15 %) and strength (47.63 %). Increases in flexibility (2.59 %) and strength (1.84 %) were also observed in the ballistic group. For jumping, intra-group differences showed that both the VICAMS (16.56 %) and ballistic (4.34 %) groups had improved values compared to baseline values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that VICAMS is an effective, simple, and inexpensive alternative to conventional training methods for improving flexibility and strength in rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels","authors":"Manqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Yao ,&nbsp;Jiabao Lin ,&nbsp;Lei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Basketball is an attractive sport required both cooperative and antagonistic motor skills. However, the neural mechanism of basketball proficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the brain functional and structural substrates underlying varying levels of basketball capacity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty advanced basketball athletes (AB), 20 intermediate basketball athletes (IB) and 20 age-matched non-athlete individuals without basketball experience (NI) participated in this study and underwent T1-weighted MRI and resting-state fMRI scanning. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and gray matter (GM) density were calculated and compared among the three groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VMHC in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus, as well as the GM density in the right precentral gyrus, exhibited a hierarchical structure of AB &gt; IB &gt; NI. Compared with NI group, AB and IB groups showed strengthened VMHC in supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus. Additionally, the ALFF of left middle occipital gyrus and right hippocampal and the GM density of left medial superior frontal gyrus exhibited differences in AB-IB and AB-NI comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By conducting the cross-sectional comparison, this study firstly identifies the varying levels of basketball proficiency related brain resting-state functional and structural plasticity. Especially, the regions associated with motor perception and control, including bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle and superior temporal gyrus and right precentral gyrus, are involved in the key neural mechanisms of basketball proficiency. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to further validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rest interval following a series of tuck jumps on anaerobic performance","authors":"Christopher J. Cleary ,&nbsp;Summer B. Cook ,&nbsp;Ashley A. Herda","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>This study assessed the influence of rest interval duration after tuck jumps on 10-s Wingate outcomes and countermovement jump height.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen resistance trained individuals (males: n = 10, 21.3 ± 3.6 years; females: n = 8, 22.1 ± 2.2 years) volunteered to participate in four sessions: familiarization, 3-min rest interval with no jumps (CON), and two randomized experimental sessions with a rest interval of either 1-min (ER1) or 5-min (ER5) after a series of tuck jumps. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was assessed at baseline (PRE) and after (POST) the CON, ER1, and ER5 conditions, and 10-s Wingate cycling testing. Wingate relative peak power (RPP) and mean peak power (RMP) were measured. Separate mixed-factorial repeated measures analyses of variance assessed changes across conditions and sex for the Wingate variables and conditions, sex, and time for CMJ height at an alpha of p ≤ 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RPP and RMP were significantly greater than CON for ER1 by 0.92 ± 0.23 W kg⁻¹ and 0.41 ± 0.14 W kg⁻¹, respectively, and ER5 by 0.77 ± 0.23 W kg⁻¹ and 0.36 ± 0.10 W kg⁻¹, respectively. ER1 and ER5 RPP and RMP were similar (p &gt; 0.05). For CMJ height, there was only a main effect for sex as males jumped higher than females by 31.3 % (p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Performing tuck jumps prior to anaerobic exercise may increase performance for up to 5-min</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}