Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Association between changes in physical activity and sarcopenia risk in middle-aged and older adults","authors":"Xiaoxiang Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the longitudinal relationship between the changes in physical activity in middle-aged and older persons and sarcopenia risk utilizing data from a nationally representative population in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 2831 participants (44.5 % men, 55.5 % women, mean age 61.86 ± 9.33 years). Participants were divided into active to active (A-A, n = 1367), inactive to active (I-A, n = 455), active to inactive (A-I, n = 553), and inactive to inactive (I-I, n = 456) groups based on changes in physical activity between 2011 and 2015. Sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk indicators were determined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. One-way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the changes in physical activity and sarcopenia risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Handgrip strength tended to have a significant difference, and walking speed and 5-time chair stand test had significant differences among the A-A, I-A, A-I, and I-I groups (all p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the I-I group, the likelihood of sarcopenia was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.52–0.81) and I-A (OR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.51–0.87) groups, the likelihood of poor muscle strength was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.76) and I-A (OR: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.83) groups, and the rate of low physical performance was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.41), I-A (OR: 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.29–0.50) and A-I (OR: 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.71) groups after controlling for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Middle-aged and older people who remain or become physically active have a lower risk of sarcopenia, poor muscle strength, and low physical performance. Conversely, those who stop being physically active have a higher risk of sarcopenia, poor muscle strength, and low physical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 190-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of variable resistance training with different load ratios on lower-limb strength and power in male college students","authors":"Changbo Pan ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yuying Su ,&nbsp;Yu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The optimum relationship combination of variable to constant resistance within variable resistance training (VRT) for enhancing lower-limb strength and power remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how different ratios of variable to constant resistance in VRT affect lower-limb strength and power.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five male college students (age: 21.65 ± 2.20 years; height: 179.65 ± 4.98 cm; body mass: 77.21 ± 6.77 kg; resistance training experience: 3.00 ± 0.96 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: 20 % VRT (n = 15), 35 % VRT (n = 15), and constant resistance training (CRT, n = 15). All groups trained squats twice weekly for 6 weeks at 80 % 1RM total load (20 % VRT: 20 % variable resistance combined 80 % constant resistance; 35 % VRT: 35 % variable resistance combined 65 % constant resistance; CRT: 100 % constant resistance). Pre- and post-experiment tests included squat 1RM, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), 20-m sprint, and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA). A mixed-design ANOVA (group × time) was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 20 % VRT group surpassed CRT in maximal strength cross-sectionally (F = 3.565, <em>p</em> = 0.037) but not longitudinally (<em>p</em> = 0.079). All groups improved strength over time (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.87–0.94). A significant interaction (F = 3.407, <em>p</em> = 0.043) indicated SJ improvement for 35 % VRT vs. CRT (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.43), with no CMJ, SBJ, sprint, or RFCSA differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VRT and CRT yield equivalent long-term strength gains. Different combinations of variable to constant resistance ratios in VRT (20 % and 35 %) led to distinct task-specific adaptations in lower-limb performance. Practitioners should prioritize 35 % VRT for static explosive tasks, use 20 % VRT as a supplementary strength tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation of executive functions in the relationship between motor skills and psychosocial health in preschool children","authors":"Sen Li ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Qingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Early motor skills develop alongside executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the interaction between these elements in early childhood is not well-studied. This study aimed to examine whether executive functions mediate the relationship between motor skills and psychosocial health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 452 children (mean age = 6.14 ± 0.29 years, 48.9 % female) were included in this cross-sectional study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) was used to assess motor skills. Executive functions were measured using the Go/No-Go Test, Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, and List Sorting Working Memory Test from the Early Years Toolbox (ages 3–7). Social skills and problem behaviors were assessed using the preschool version of the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scale (SSIS-RS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation was employed to examine the mediating role of executive functions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gross motor skills were positively associated with inhibition (β = 0.41, p &lt; 0.01), shifting (β = 0.20, p &lt; 0.01), working memory (β = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01), social skills (β = 0.50, p &lt; 0.05), and negatively associated with problem behaviors (β = −0.23, p &lt; 0.05). Inhibition (β = 0.107, p &lt; 0.001) and shifting (β = −0.018, p &lt; 0.05) mediated the relationship between gross motor skills and social skills. Additionally, inhibition (β = −0.086, p &lt; 0.001) and shifting (β = 0.019, p &lt; 0.05) mediated the relationship between gross motor skills and problem behaviors. Fine motor skills were positively associated with inhibition (β = 0.35, p &lt; 0.01), shifting (β = 0.16, p &lt; 0.01), and working memory (β = 0.21, p &lt; 0.01), but not significantly related to social skills (β = 0.08, p &gt; 0.05) or problem behaviors (β = 0, p &gt; 0.05). Inhibition (β = 0.144, p = 0.001) mediated the relationship between fine motor skills and social skills, while both inhibition (β = −0.102, p = 0.001) and shifting (β = 0.014, p = 0.041) mediated the relationship between fine motor skills and problem behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Executive functions significantly mediate the association between motor skills and psychosocial health in preschool children. Future experimental studies are required to examine causality in young children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of various exercise types in reducing fall risk among older adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Pang ,&nbsp;Peixin Shen ,&nbsp;Dewei Mao ,&nbsp;Qipeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) increases fall risk in diabetics. Due to varying variables used to assess fall risk, the impact of exercise on fall prevention remains inconsistent. This study reviews and compares the effects of different exercises on fall risk among older adults with DPN.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 17th, 2025. Inclusion criteria were: older adults with DPN; exercise intervention only, an inactive or non-exercising control group, and randomized controlled trials with outcome variables: timed up and go (TUG) time, gait speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, one-legged standing (OLS) time with eye open (EO) and closed (EC). The mean difference (MD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 articles included five exercise types: balance exercise (BE), multi-component exercise (ME), strength exercise (SE), whole-body vibration (WBV) and foot-ankle functional training (FT). BE reduced TUG time (MD = −1.47, 95 % CI = −1.79 to −1.15) and increased gait speed (0.11, 0.04–0.18), BBS score (0.93, 0.49–1.37), and OLS time (EO: 2.72, 1.86–3.58; EC:1.58, 1.0–2.17). ME reduced TUG time (−1.71, −2.26 to −1.17) and increased BBS score (2.0, 1.28–2.72) and OLS time (EO: 7.07, 4.35–9.79; EC: 2.61, 1.28–3.94); SE reduced TUG time (−1.45, −2.75 to −0.15) and increased gait speed (0.09, 0.06–0.12); WBV increased OLS time (EO: 1.94, 1.32–2.56; EC: 1.86, 0.16–3.56) but did not affect TUG time or gait speed. FT did not affect TUG time or gait speed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exercise reduced fall risks among older adults with DPN. BE and ME were effective in reducing fall risks, followed by SE. WBV improved static balance but failed in dynamic balance. FT showed limited effects on fall prevention and was not recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation role of telomere length in the relationship between physical activity and PhenoAge: A population-based study","authors":"Yanwei You ,&nbsp;Dizhi Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Ding ,&nbsp;Weizhao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Danyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuquan Chen ,&nbsp;Xindong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between physical activity (PA), telomere length, and phenotypic age (PhenoAge) represents a pivotal area of investigation in aging research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study encompassed a cohort of 6200 participants aged 20 years and above, sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed employing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, while DNA samples were collected to determine telomere length, measured in base pairs. PhenoAge, an emerging aging index relying on nine distinct chemical biomarkers, was computed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incorporating a fully adjusted model, our analysis showed significant correlations between PA engagement and PhenoAge [Low PA, β (95 % CI): 0.039(-0.071,-0.008), p = 0.021; Moderate PA, β (95 % CI): 0.058(-0.082,-0.034), p &lt; 0.001; High PA, β (95 % CI): 0.069(-0.096,-0.042), p &lt; 0.001]. Furthermore, a positive link emerged between elevated PA levels and telomere length, with a β (95 % CI) of 0.011(0.001, 0.022), p = 0.034. A mediation analysis was performed, demonstrating that telomere length mediated the connection between PA and PhenoAge, with a proportion mediated calculated at 3.57 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that PA may play a key role in mitigating aging processes by preserving telomere length, highlighting the potential of PA as a target for interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of different work: Rest durations on physiological, neuromuscular, and ratings of perceived exertion responses during taekwondo-specific high-intensity interval training","authors":"Hang Zheng ,&nbsp;Guochao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuming Zhong ,&nbsp;George P. Nassis ,&nbsp;Zhili Chen ,&nbsp;Yongming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the effect of different work: rest durations on physiological, neuromuscular, and perceived exertion responses during taekwondo-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirteen moderate-trained taekwondo athletes (age: 21.7 ± 2.4 years; body mass: 69.1 ± 7.6kg; height: 174 ± 6 cm) completed a familiarization session and three HIIT trials. The trial consisted of three rounds of 2 min roundhouse kicks with 1 min of rest in between. In each round, the work: rest ratio was constant at 1:2, and the work: rest duration varied to be: short (2s:4s), medium (10s:20s), and long (20s:40s). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> O₂) were continuously measured. Blood lactate concentration ([La⁻]), countermovement jump (CMJ), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded before trials and after each round. Energy contribution was estimated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HR, <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> O_2, and CMJ were similar across protocols (<em>P</em> &gt; .05) but, [La⁻] was higher during long than short work: rest duration protocol (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). Relative aerobic energy contribution and RPE in round 3 were higher during long than short work: rest duration protocol (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). Absolute and relative glycolytic energy contribution in rounds 1 and 2 were higher during long than short work: rest duration protocol (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). Relative phosphate energy contribution in rounds 1 and 3 was lower during long than short work: rest duration protocol (<em>P</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Different work: rest durations of taekwondo-specific HIIT influenced [La⁻], energy system contributions, and RPE. The longer work: rest duration protocol (20s:40s) stressed more the glycolytic, aerobic energy systems and perceived exertion, and less the phosphagen energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and validity of time-use surveys in assessing 24-hour movement behaviors in adults","authors":"Nucharapon Liangruenrom,&nbsp;Kanyapat Suttikasem,&nbsp;Dyah Anantalia Widyastari,&nbsp;Danusorn Potharin,&nbsp;Piyawat Katewongsa","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Time-use surveys are considered a valid alternative for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). The International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) has been widely adopted, as a standardized framework for categorizing time-use data. A classification system has been developed to classify ICATUS-based activities into sleep, SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of ICATUS-based time-use classifications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants aged 18–59 years were recruited from five organizations located in the Bangkok metropolitian area (<em>n</em> = 220). The study was conducted from September to October 2022. Participants wore an accelerometer for ten consecutive days and completed two-day time-use diaries. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess test-retest reliability between the first and second entries of time-use surveys, as well as for accelerometer data. Validity was assessed by comparing the two time-use surveys with corresponding accelerometer data using Spearman correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Test-retest reliability showed strong absolute agreement in the average time-use estimates for sleep and SB, with ICCs of 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. Moderate agreement was observed for LPA (ICC = 0.71) and MVPA (ICC = 0.51). Moderate validity correlations were found for SB, while LPA showed weak correlations, and MVPA results were inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ICATUS-based time-use data demonstrated strong reliability and moderate validity for SB, and moderate reliability and low validity for PA in working adults. The classification system appears to be a verified tool, supporting its applicability of time-use data, particularly in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a physical activity-enhanced curriculum on increasing physical activity and improving physical fitness in preschoolers: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (KID-FIT study)","authors":"Whitney W. Au ,&nbsp;Chit K. Leung ,&nbsp;Shine H. Lin ,&nbsp;Angus P. Yu ,&nbsp;Daniel Y. Fong ,&nbsp;Stephen H.S. Wong ,&nbsp;Derwin K.C. Chan ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Capio ,&nbsp;Clare C.W. Yu ,&nbsp;Sam W.S. Wong ,&nbsp;Ya-Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Walter R. Thompson ,&nbsp;Parco M. Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Physical activity (PA) is critical for healthy development in preschoolers, with long-lasting benefits that can affect later life. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that children aged 5–17 years should engage in 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per day. However, physical inactivity in children is on the rise globally, with declines in PA starting at the age of 4 years. Increasing PA during early childhood is important to delay adiposity rebound, promote behavioral changes, improve physical fitness, and facilitate future PA engagement. However, limited evidence has been established on the effects of school-based PA interventions on preschoolers. This study examines the effects and sustainability of a preschool-based PA intervention on increasing PA, improving physical fitness and health in preschoolers, with the exercise dose benchmarked to the WHO PA guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This assessor-blinded, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial will include 3300 preschoolers (aged 5–6 years) from 110 kindergartens in Hong Kong, China. Kindergartens will be randomized into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. The control kindergartens will continue their usual curriculum of ∼2.5 h PA/week, whereas preschoolers in the intervention kindergartens will engage in an additional 75-min game-based PA class twice per week (extra 2.5 h PA/week) over the preschool year. This multi-component intervention will also target parents, teachers, and the kindergarten environment to further encourage PA in preschoolers and their families. Objectively measured PA, cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness components (muscle strength and power, agility, balance, flexibility, body composition), and psychological health will be examined at the start (0 month) and end (10 months) of the preschool year. Maintenance effects will be assessed after preschoolers’ transition into primary school (16 months). Generalized estimating equations or other appropriate statistical models will be used to examine the treatment effects with adjustment for baseline values.</div></div><div><h3>Study impact</h3><div>This study will investigate the effects of a preschool-based PA intervention with PA dose benchmarked to the WHO recommendations on promoting PA, physical fitness, and health in preschoolers, and its sustainability after preschoolers' transition into primary education. The findings will raise public awareness on the importance of PA in young children, and will inform policy making to facilitate early childhood educational reforms to incorporate adequate PA into preschool curriculums to improve children's health in the long run.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05521490)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sequence in concurrent training on physical activity, body composition, and fitness in obese young males: A 12-week randomized controlled trial","authors":"Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Tingjun Gong ,&nbsp;Ziyi Ren ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Qinlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined how different sequences of concurrent training impacted physical activity (PA), body composition, and physical fitness in young obese males. We also investigated whether the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing body fat percentage (BF%) was influenced by PA levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 12-week randomized controlled trial involving a cohort of 45 obese young males (mean age: 22.42 ± 1.96 years, mean BMI: 29.78 ± 3.37) was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: the CRE group (Resistance Training (RT) followed by Endurance Training (ET)), the CER group (ET followed by RT), and the control group (Con). The training sessions were held three times a week. Measurements, including PA level, body composition, bone density, VO2max, and muscle strength, were assessed before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to those at baseline, following the intervention, both the CRE and CER groups showed significant improvements in various parameters, including PA level, body composition, bone density, VO_2max, and muscle strength (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed in the Con group (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Specifically, the CRE group demonstrated remarkable progress, as evidenced by an increase in MVPA level (η²_p = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), a reduction in fat mass (η²_p = 0.28, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), BF% (η²_p = 0.28, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), android fat (%) (η²_p = 0.21, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), gynoid fat (%) (η²_p = 0.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and various physical fitness indices, such as maximum strength (η²_p = 0.20, <em>p</em> = 0.008), explosive strength (η²_p = 0.38, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and muscular endurance (η²_p = 0.55, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), surpassing the improvements observed in the CER and Con groups. Changes in PA levels during the intervention influence the efficacy of CT in reducing BF%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CT, particularly when RT precedes ET, had the potential to improve PA levels, overall physical fitness, body composition, and bone health in obese young males. Moreover, changes in PA levels during the intervention impacted the effectiveness of CT in reducing BF%.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ChiCTR, ChiCTR2200063892.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of multicomponent structured exercise to improve depression in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shishi Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanping Duan ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To summarize the characteristics, estimate the efficacy of multicomponent structured exercise (MSE) intervention on older adults’ depression, and investigate its potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included MSE intervention with aerobic, resistance and balance components targeting older adults, and reported depression as an outcome were selected. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate effect sizes from the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was conducted to identify the potential moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data were extracted from 19 studies (22 comparisons) with 1763 older adults. MSE showed a significant intervention effect on buffering older adults' depression (SMD, −0.49; 95 % CI, −0.84 to −0.14) but with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 92 %) and low certainty of evidence. In subgroup analyses, MSE with unhealthy status participants, intervention duration of 12–24 weeks, over 2 times/week intervention frequency, equipment used and <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math></span> 80 % retention rate showed significant effects on improvement of older adults’ depression. Intervention frequency (β, −0.83; 95 % CI, −1.50 to −0.16) and retention rate (β, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.05 to 1.56) were identified as moderators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MSE significantly improved older adults’ depression. The findings highlighted the importance of intervention frequency and retention rate in enhancing MSE effectiveness. More high quality RCTs are required to explore and optimize the intervention strategies and dosages of MSE to extend the application in the prevention and treatment of geriatric depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 2","pages":"Pages 91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}