Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Physical fitness assessment tools for children with developmental coordination disorder and their feasibility for low-income settings: A systematic review","authors":"Monica Maria do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Jorge Lopes Cavalcante-Neto ,&nbsp;Meyene Duque Weber ,&nbsp;Paula Cristina dos Santos Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Andreia N. Pizarro ,&nbsp;Maria Olga Fernandes Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>This study systematically reviewed the literature on physical fitness assessment tools for children with developmental coordination disorder compared with typically developing children aged 7 to 10 and analyzed the feasibility of these tools for use in low-income settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO/RIC databases. The Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale assessed the methodological quality of the studies, and a checklist adapted from COSMIN assessed the feasibility of the instruments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 8470 studies initially retrieved, 21 were included in this systematic review. The most assessed physical fitness components in children with developmental coordination disorder compared with typically developing children were cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Most studies had high methodological quality. The shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness) and handgrip dynamometer (muscle strength) were the most used tools. The PERF-FIT, long jump, and 6-min walk test were considered the most feasible tools for low-income settings, while the incremental treadmill test was deemed the least feasible.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings evidenced several viable tools for testing physical fitness in children with DCD compared to typically developing peers from low-income countries. The most viable, as PERF-FIT, long jump and 6-min walk test should be used on large scale in low-income settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary isometric contractions at maximal shortening as a new technique to achieve neuromuscular re-education in healthy subjects","authors":"Julio-Artemi Hernández-Trujillo ,&nbsp;María-Dolores González-Rivera ,&nbsp;Jorge M. González-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>objectives</em>: Neuromuscular re-education has focused on improving motor activities in patients with pathologies by retraining the nervous system. However, this has not yet been investigated in healthy individuals. Voluntary isometric contractions at maximal muscle shortening (VICAMS) is a new technique with the same objective. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of these techniques on range of motion, strength, and vertical jump.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy, recreationally active participants (mean age: 46.4 ± 5.5), were randomly assigned to three groups (VICAMS, ballistic stretching, and control) who were trained for eight weeks. To assess chronic effects, active range of motion, maximal isometric strength, and countermovement jump height were determined before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Main effects of time and time∗group interactions were found for all variables (p &lt; 0.001). Between-group differences were observed in the VICAMS group after the intervention, with significantly higher flexibility and strength values compared to the other groups. Intra-group differences were observed in the VICAMS and ballistic groups, as the values for all variables increased from baseline. In the VICAMS group, increases were observed in both flexibility (19.15 %) and strength (47.63 %). Increases in flexibility (2.59 %) and strength (1.84 %) were also observed in the ballistic group. For jumping, intra-group differences showed that both the VICAMS (16.56 %) and ballistic (4.34 %) groups had improved values compared to baseline values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that VICAMS is an effective, simple, and inexpensive alternative to conventional training methods for improving flexibility and strength in rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels","authors":"Manqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Yao ,&nbsp;Jiabao Lin ,&nbsp;Lei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Basketball is an attractive sport required both cooperative and antagonistic motor skills. However, the neural mechanism of basketball proficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the brain functional and structural substrates underlying varying levels of basketball capacity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty advanced basketball athletes (AB), 20 intermediate basketball athletes (IB) and 20 age-matched non-athlete individuals without basketball experience (NI) participated in this study and underwent T1-weighted MRI and resting-state fMRI scanning. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and gray matter (GM) density were calculated and compared among the three groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VMHC in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus, as well as the GM density in the right precentral gyrus, exhibited a hierarchical structure of AB &gt; IB &gt; NI. Compared with NI group, AB and IB groups showed strengthened VMHC in supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus. Additionally, the ALFF of left middle occipital gyrus and right hippocampal and the GM density of left medial superior frontal gyrus exhibited differences in AB-IB and AB-NI comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By conducting the cross-sectional comparison, this study firstly identifies the varying levels of basketball proficiency related brain resting-state functional and structural plasticity. Especially, the regions associated with motor perception and control, including bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle and superior temporal gyrus and right precentral gyrus, are involved in the key neural mechanisms of basketball proficiency. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to further validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rest interval following a series of tuck jumps on anaerobic performance","authors":"Christopher J. Cleary ,&nbsp;Summer B. Cook ,&nbsp;Ashley A. Herda","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>This study assessed the influence of rest interval duration after tuck jumps on 10-s Wingate outcomes and countermovement jump height.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen resistance trained individuals (males: n = 10, 21.3 ± 3.6 years; females: n = 8, 22.1 ± 2.2 years) volunteered to participate in four sessions: familiarization, 3-min rest interval with no jumps (CON), and two randomized experimental sessions with a rest interval of either 1-min (ER1) or 5-min (ER5) after a series of tuck jumps. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was assessed at baseline (PRE) and after (POST) the CON, ER1, and ER5 conditions, and 10-s Wingate cycling testing. Wingate relative peak power (RPP) and mean peak power (RMP) were measured. Separate mixed-factorial repeated measures analyses of variance assessed changes across conditions and sex for the Wingate variables and conditions, sex, and time for CMJ height at an alpha of p ≤ 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RPP and RMP were significantly greater than CON for ER1 by 0.92 ± 0.23 W kg⁻¹ and 0.41 ± 0.14 W kg⁻¹, respectively, and ER5 by 0.77 ± 0.23 W kg⁻¹ and 0.36 ± 0.10 W kg⁻¹, respectively. ER1 and ER5 RPP and RMP were similar (p &gt; 0.05). For CMJ height, there was only a main effect for sex as males jumped higher than females by 31.3 % (p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Performing tuck jumps prior to anaerobic exercise may increase performance for up to 5-min</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal study to COVID-19 infection among university students: Physical fitness changes and psychological responses","authors":"Yuning Hao,&nbsp;Jay Lee,&nbsp;Water Soi Po Wong,&nbsp;Frankie U. Kei Wong,&nbsp;Walter Heung Chin Hui,&nbsp;Gasper Chi Hong Leong,&nbsp;Zhaowei Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of COVID-19 infection on physical and mental health of young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the physical fitness three months after recovering from acute COVID-19 infection, and examine if the infection could also influence the mental health of university students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 460 university students (mean age 18.9 ± 1.3 years, with 30 males and 27 females uninfected with COVID-19) volunteered for the study. Participants underwent a fitness test initially, followed by another physical fitness test and a mental health assessment three months after the infection of COVID-19. Physical fitness tests included body composition, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and muscular endurance. Mental health was assessed using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Self-Assessment Scale (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Assessment Scale (PTSD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three months after acute COVID-19 infection, the physical performance of university students had decreased compared to pre-infection levels by approximate 3–15 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Regarding mental health, a notable difference was observed in sleep quality, with the positive group scoring 19 % higher than the negative group (<em>p</em> &lt; .05, <em>d</em> = .44). Sex (<em>β</em> = .164, <em>p</em> &lt; .05), previous infection (<em>β</em> = .277, <em>p</em> = .019) and anxiety (<em>β</em> = .373, <em>p</em> = .002) were predictive of PSQI scores, accounting for 37.5 % of the variance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All participants experienced a decline in physical fitness compared to their pre-infection levels, regardless of infection status. Those who had been infected exhibited poorer sleep quality compared to their non-infected peers. Prior COVID-19 infection and higher anxiety levels may contribute to poorer sleep quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages 7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted vest intervention during whole-body circuit training improves serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in normal-weight obese women","authors":"Jiwoong Kim ,&nbsp;Eunsook Kim ,&nbsp;Dohyun Kim ,&nbsp;Sungjin Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Normal-weight obesity, where the body mass index(BMI) is within the normal range but the body fat percentage is high, also adversely impacts cardiovascular and metabolic health. This study explored the effects of whole-body circuit training using a weighted vest on serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six normal-weight obese women were divided into three groups: Weighted Vest Circuit Training(WVCT)(n = 12), Body Weight Circuit Training(BWCT)(n = 12), and a Control group(CON)(n = 12). Participants in the WVCT and BWCT groups engaged in whole-body circuit training three times per week for eight weeks. Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed significant and impactful findings. There were substantial improvements in body composition(Skeletal Muscle Mass: +7.5 %, <em>p</em> = 0.042, <em>d</em> = 0.80), Serum Resistin(-38.2 %, <em>p</em> = 0.001, <em>d</em> = 0.85), insulin resistance(HOMA-IR: 27.1 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>d</em> = 0.88), and a reduction in IL-6 levels(-25.4 %, <em>p</em> = 0.082, <em>d</em> = 0.60) in the WVCT group compared to the BWCT and CON groups. The WVCT group outperformed the other groups, demonstrating greater effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings have significant implications for healthcare. Whole-body circuit training with weighted vests has effectively improved body composition, reduced serum resistin, and lowered insulin resistance, reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women. These results could inform and enhance the treatment and management of obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 463-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorated lipid distribution in prediabetes - Effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise plus TheraBand: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Sha-sha Wang ,&nbsp;Mu Cui ,&nbsp;Jing-yuan Li ,&nbsp;Huai-ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiang-yun Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lipid distribution plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise on specific lipid distributions in patients with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either a control group (Con, n = 30) or an exercise group (Ex, n = 30). The Ex group underwent YiJinJing exercise plus Theraband, engaging in 1-h sessions, 3 times per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure lipid distribution in different body segments and organs. Additionally, a body composition analyser was employed to measure visceral fat, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure indicators related to glycolipid metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following a 12-week intervention with Exercise, 37 % of prediabetic patients in the Ex group achieved normal blood glucose levels. Significant reductions were observed in upper limb fat (ULF), trunk fat (TrF) and liver fat (LF) values in the Ex group compared to the Con group. Additionally, within the Ex group, there were notable decreases in triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), android fat (AF), ULF, thigh fat (ThF), renal sinus fat (RSF), and LF compared to baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Traditional Chinese YiJinJing plus TheraBand exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose levels through improved lipid distribution and metabolism in prediabetic patients. Hence, YiJinJing can serve as a crucial intervention for individuals with prediabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 438-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity patterns and phenotypic age acceleration in American adults: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Dongzhe Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Xue Geng ,&nbsp;Chaoyi Qu ,&nbsp;Zhijian Rao ,&nbsp;Jianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yulin Shen ,&nbsp;Qiangman Wei ,&nbsp;Shijie Liu ,&nbsp;Jiexiu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>With the accelerating global population aging, delaying aging and promoting healthy aging have become focal points in public health and clinical medicine. Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is an important indicator of biological aging speed. This study aims to explore the relationship between different leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) patterns and PhenoAgeAccel, analyzing the association and dose-response relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, including 14,868 adults. Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline methods were used to assess the relationship between LTPA and PhenoAgeAccel, with segmented likelihood ratio tests to detect non-linear thresholds. Stratified regression and interaction tests explored potential modifications by sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to individuals with no LTPA, those with inactive and regular LTPA patterns had significantly lower PhenoAgeAccel scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while the weekend warrior pattern showed no significant effect (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). A non-linear threshold effect was found; below 560 min of weekly LTPA, a significant negative correlation existed (β = −0.001, 95 % CI: 0.001 to −0.0003, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Above this threshold, LTPA was positively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel, indicating a risk for accelerated aging (β = 0.0003, 95 % CI: 0.00002 to 0.001, <em>P</em> = 0.03). Similar non-linear threshold effects were found for both males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Regular LTPA significantly reduces phenotypic age acceleration, with a non-linear threshold effect indicating moderate physical activity is most beneficial. The weekend warrior pattern was less effective. These findings highlight the necessity of personalized physical activity recommendations and provide evidence for public health strategies to promote healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 445-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity on gross motor movements in 4-5-year-olds: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Haotian Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongjia Deng ,&nbsp;Ge Song ,&nbsp;Hongkang Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingyu Sun ,&nbsp;Huixin Li ,&nbsp;Yi Yan ,&nbsp;Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rhythmic physical activity holds promise for positively influencing the gross motor development of 4-5-year-old children, yet empirical research in this domain remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development in children aged 4–5 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty children aged 4–5 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Both groups participated in a 10-week intervention program facilitated by a professional trainer, with support from numerous dedicated volunteers from reputable sports universities. This program comprised a one-week baseline assessment followed by 8 weeks of rhythmic physical activity training conducted three times per week. Gross motor performance was assessed using the PGMQ scale before and one week after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the 8-week intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant enhancements in displacement ability, with notable improvements observed in. Specifically, the scores for running, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and total displacement ability showed significant increases (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the total scores for running, standing long jump, sliding lateral transfer, leaping step, two-footed back-and-forth jump, and displacement ability exhibited significant differences between the intervention and control groups (P &lt; 0.05). Regarding manipulative ability, the intervention group showed significant increases in scores for over-the-shoulder throwing, two-handed catching, and kicking (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between groups in the scores for two-handed catching and kicking (P &lt; 0.05). Concerning balance ability, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in scores for single-leg stand, double-leg stand, and total balance ability (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any of the indices within the control group (P &gt; 0.05). The two-way repeated measures ANOVA of intervention × time revealed significant differences in scores for running, sliding lateral movement, leaping step, jumping back and forth with both feet, leading ability, kicking, manipulation ability, single-leg stand, double-leg stand, balance ability, and gross motor scores (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the beneficial impact of engaging in eight weeks of rhythmic physical activity on the gross motor development of 4-5-year-olds. Furthermore, the improvements in gross motor development achieved through rhythmic physical activity may surpass those obtained through general physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 456-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cool mama: Temperature regulation during high-intensity interval running in pregnant elite and recreational athletes","authors":"Sofia Brevik-Persson ,&nbsp;Christina Gjestvang ,&nbsp;Emilie Mass Dalhaug ,&nbsp;Birgitte Sanda ,&nbsp;Jørgen Melau ,&nbsp;Lene A.H. Haakstad","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Regular exercise during pregnancy is beneficial, but athletes often exceed the recommended 150 min of moderate-intensity activity, incorporate high-intensity exercises. The upper limit for exercise intensity and duration on fetal and maternal safety remains uncertain. A concern is a maternal core body temperature of &gt;39.0 °C, potentially increase the risk of heat-related fetal malformations and complications during pregnancy. Blood flow redirection for thermoregulation could compromise fetal cardiovascular function, increasing the risk of miscarriage and preterm labor. This study evaluated whether pregnant women (gestational weeks 25–35) were at risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39.0 °C during high-intensity running. We also investigated effects on skin temperature, fluid loss, and thermal sensation, comparing pregnant athletes to non-pregnant controls.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this comparative cross-sectional study, 30 elite and recreational athletes (pregnant n = 15) completed up to five high-intensity treadmill-intervals. Core and skin temperature were continuously measured. Body weight was utilized to calculate the amount of fluid loss.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Highest core body temperature were 38.76 °C and 39.56 °C in one pregnant and non-pregnant participant, respectively. Pregnant participants had lower core body temperatures (mean difference −0.47 °C, p ≤ 0.001) initially and a smaller increase (0.10 °C, p ≤ 0.003) during later intervals compared with the non-pregnant controls. Pregnant participants also showed a greater increase in skin temperature (4.08 ± 0.72 °C vs. 3.25 ± 0.86 °C, p = 0.008) and fluid loss (0.81 ± 0.19 L vs. 0.50 ± 0.12 L, p˂0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Physiological changes in pregnancy may enhance thermoregulation, indicating that high-intensity interval runs are unlikely to pose a risk of exceeding a core body temperature of 39 °C for pregnant athletes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000625/pdfft?md5=5a81a67e8d8271058b1f4e4e66188704&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000625-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}