Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"The impact of accelerometer-derived 'weekend warrior' physical activity on musculoskeletal disorders and multimorbidity development","authors":"Yuanpeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Di Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Yin ,&nbsp;Terry Jianguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Whether concentrating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) into 1–2 days (“weekend warrior”, WW) provides musculoskeletal benefits comparable to more evenly distributed weekly activity (“regular activity”, RA) remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a prospective UK Biobank accelerometer cohort (n = 52,606), participants free of musculoskeletal disease at baseline were classified hierarchically: inactive (&lt;150 min/week MVPA); among those meeting the guideline threshold (≥150 min/week), WW (≥50% of weekly MVPA accrued within the most active 1–2 days) and RA (≥150 min/week but not meeting the WW criterion). Over a median 8.2 years of follow-up, there were 4107 osteoarthritis (OA), 2454 spine degenerative changes (SDCs), and 1006 osteoporosis (OP) events. Cox models estimated incident outcomes; multi-state models estimated transitions among baseline, first musculoskeletal disease, musculoskeletal multimorbidity (MSM), and death.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with inactivity, both RA and WW were associated with lower risks of OA (RA hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.83; WW HR 0.83, 0.77–0.89; both p &lt; 0.001), SDCs (RA HR 0.85, 0.76–0.95, p = 0.004; WW HR 0.85, 0.78–0.94, p = 0.001), and OP (RA HR 0.74, 0.62–0.88; WW HR 0.75, 0.65–0.87; both p &lt; 0.001). In multi-state analyses, mortality was lower versus inactivity from baseline for both RA (HR 0.61, 0.55–0.69; p &lt; 0.001) and WW (HR 0.59, 0.54–0.65; p &lt; 0.001), with a stronger reduction after MSM for WW (HR 0.42, 0.25–0.72; p = 0.001) than RA (HR 0.83, 0.48–1.43; p = 0.502).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Meeting MVPA recommendations via WW may provide comparable musculoskeletal risk reduction to RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 200458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an eight-week composite plantar sensory exercise on postural stability in older adults: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Xiaoyue Hu ,&nbsp;Ziwei Zeng ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><div>The purpose of our study is to examine the effects of an eight-week composite plantar sensory exercise on plantar sensation, ankle proprioception and postural control in healthy older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>108 healthy older adults were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 54) or the control group (n = 54). The intervention group received composite plantar sensory exercise which included plantar vibration/perception training and walking exercise (3 times per week for 8weeks), while the control group only received walking exercise. Postural stability (static and dynamic), plantar sensation (tactile sensation/vibration sensation/discrimination) and ankle proprioception (ankle kinesthesia/joint position sense/force sense) were tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the 8-week intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in the static postural stability test especially under challenging test conditions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, intervention group showed a marked reduction in the centre of gravity sway velocity during eyes open eyes closed in single-leg stance tasks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in plantar tactile sensation/vibration sensitivity in six tested positions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and ankle kinesthesia threshold of ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion/inversion/eversion compared with controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Composite plantar sensory exercise improves sensory feedback and static postural stability in healthy older adults—particularly under challenging condition such as visual conflict/visual conflict and unstable surface conditions. These findings highlight the potential of plantar sensory training for fall prevention strategies in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 200451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Prospective association between descriptive accelerometer-derived physical behaviour metrics and cardiometabolic risk indicators in Dutch children: The ABCD study” [J Exerc Sci Fitness 24 (2026) 200431]","authors":"Fawad Taj ,&nbsp;Teatske M. Altenburg ,&nbsp;Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte ,&nbsp;Mai J.M. Chinapaw","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 200455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between physical activity dimensions and frailty incidence and progression in middle-aged and older adults: A 7-year cohort study","authors":"Kening Xue ,&nbsp;Dingsheng Deng ,&nbsp;Hongwei Xie ,&nbsp;Zhen Bai ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Physical activity (PA) is well-established as a key factor in frailty prevention. However, existing evidence relies predominantly on cross-sectional studies, creating a gap in understanding the long-term impact of PA on frailty progression. This study therefore aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of multiple PA dimensions with both the incidence and trajectory of frailty in middle-aged and older adults in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This 7-year cohort study included 5916 initially non-frail participants (frailty index, FI &lt; 0.25) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and quantified in terms of frequency, duration, and volume. Frailty was assessed with a validated 40-item FI. The study employed discrete-time survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident frailty (FI ≥ 0.25) and linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the FI trajectory over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 7-year follow-up, 22.9 % of participants developed frailty. In fully adjusted models, most dimensions of PA (frequency, duration, and volume) demonstrated inverse associations with frailty risk. A clear dose-response relationship was observed, whereby engaging in vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) for 1–2 days per week was associated with a 63 % lower risk (Adjusted HR = 0.37). Similarly, even as little as 10–29 min of VPA per day was associated with a 75 % risk reduction (Adjusted HR = 0.25). Higher levels of PA were also significantly associated with a slower annual increase in the FI score (e.g., Adjusted β = −0.0025 for VPA 6–7 days/week). Gender-stratified analyses revealed that the protective association of VPA was more pronounced in men, whereas moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) was more consistently associated with reduced frailty risk in women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that regular PA, particularly VPA, is associated with a lower incidence and slower progression of frailty, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Notably, even modest amounts of VPA were associated with substantial protection. The associations appeared to be gender-specific, with the protective association of VPA appearing more pronounced in men and MPA more consistent for women. These findings underscore the critical importance of promoting tailored PA for frailty prevention in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effects of exercise on blood glucose levels and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and meta-regression” [J Exerc Sci Fitness 23 (4) (2025) 416–425 100412]","authors":"Li Shu ,&nbsp;Ruizhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongjin Xu ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanying Ma ,&nbsp;Jinxia Pan ,&nbsp;Cong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective association between descriptive accelerometer-derived physical behaviour metrics and cardiometabolic risk indicators in Dutch children: The ABCD study","authors":"Fawad Taj ,&nbsp;J.M.M. Chinapaw ,&nbsp;Teatske Altenburg ,&nbsp;Tanja Vrijkotte","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better understand which aspects of physical behavior are most critical for health, this study investigated prospective associations between various accelerometer-derived physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) metrics with cardiometabolic risk indicators. We analyzed waist-worn accelerometer data from 114 Dutch children (50 girls), age 8.6 ± 0.4 years, in the Amsterdam Born Children and Development (ABCD) cohort. Physical behavior metrics included volume-based metric (counts per minute [CPM]), time-use metrics (e.g., time spent in different physical behaviour intensities), pattern-based metrics (e.g., fragmentation indices), and intensity gradient. Health indicators, assessed at age 11–12 years, included BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) and a cardiometabolic risk score (MetScore) calculated from BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between physical behaviour metrics and both BMI-SDS and MetScore.</div><div>Linear regression analyses, adjusted for gender and wear time, revealed that more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), a conventional time-use metric, was significantly associated with lower BMI-SDS (β = −0.02; 95 % CI: 0.03, 0), but not with MetScore. Other physical behavior metrics, including volume-based, pattern-based, and intensity gradient measures, did not show significant associations with either BMI-SDS or MetScore in this cohort. These findings indicate that conventional time-use metrics, particularly MVPA, may be more effective in detecting health associations in small homogenous populations. Future research with larger populations is necessary to determine if alternative metrics provide additional insight into the association between physical behavior and cardiometabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of tangeretin combined with whey protein supplementation on body composition and hormonal profiles in elite sprinters: A double-blind RCT","authors":"Zhi Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study explored the combined effects of tangeretin and whey protein on serum testosterone and cortisol in competitive athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a double-blind,controlled trial, 24 elite sprinters were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EXP, n = 12) taking tangeretin (200 mg) and whey protein (19.8 g) daily, and a control group (CTRL, n = 12) taking only whey protein (19.8 g) over four weeks. Weekly and post-intervention tests measured serum testosterone, cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, along with pre- and post-intervention anthropometric assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After intervention, a significant Time × Group interaction was observed for fat-free mass (FFM), which increased significantly in the EXP but not in the CTRL, with a greater percentage increase in EXP (2.3 % vs. 1.1 %, p = 0.018). Similar interactions were found for fat mass and body fat percentage, which decreased significantly in EXP. For biochemical indicators, no significant Group × Time interactions were found. However, a significant main effect of time was identified for serum testosterone and ACTH, indicating comparable temporal changes in both groups. No significant time or interaction effects were observed for cortisol, T/C ratio and SOD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Four weeks of combined whey protein and tangeretin supplementation significantly improved body composition in elite sprinters, whereas it did not significantly alter systemic hormonal profiles or antioxidant activity compared to whey protein alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of local and general fatigue on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability","authors":"Changxiao Yu ,&nbsp;Jianglong Zhan ,&nbsp;Songlin Xiao ,&nbsp;Bin Shen ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Weijie Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue induced by local- and general-muscular exercise on brain network efficiency, corticospinal and neuromuscular excitability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four participants randomly performed two different fatigue protocols (i.e., locally induced vs generally induced) separated by 5–7 days. Local fatigue was provided with maximum isokinetic plantar dorsiflexion, and general fatigue was provided with a running exercise on a treadmill at a personalized constant velocity. M-wave, H-reflex, and the resting-state electroencephalography signal, were recorded before and after local and general fatigue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with local fatigue, fatigue induced by general muscular exercise can significantly increase clustering coefficient (<em>p</em> = 0.003), global efficiency (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and local efficiency (<em>p</em> = 0.005) in the beta band relative to the baseline values. The two fatigue protocols can significantly decrease maximal M-wave (M_max, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), maximal H-reflex (H_max, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), H_max/M_max (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and level of activation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The two different fatigue protocols can decrease peripheral neuromuscular excitability and affect spinal fatigue. General fatigue can promote the integration of local and global efficiency by strengthening the functional connectivity of the brain network to optimize resource allocation and resist the negative effects of fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Goldilocks day for preschoolers' health outcomes: A compositional data analysis of 24-H movement behaviors on weekdays and weekends","authors":"Xinyu Wang,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Jane Jie Yu,&nbsp;Weizhen Gao,&nbsp;Miaomiao Wan,&nbsp;Xu Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Preschool children's activity patterns differ between weekdays and weekends. Weekdays are constrained by structured educational activities and parental commitments, which limit flexibility, while weekends provide opportunities for extra sleep (SLP), physical activity (PA), and reduced sedentary behavior (SB). This study aims to estimate optimal activity durations for both weekdays and weekends, based on the development of executive function (EF), fundamental movement skills (FMS), and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 289 preschool children aged 3–6 years from four kindergartens in Zhejiang Province participated. PA and SLP were objectively measured using accelerometers and the Children's Sleep Quality Questionnaire. EF, which includes working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, was measured using the Early Years Toolbox (EYT). FMS were assessed using the test of gross motor development-3rd edition (TGMD-3), and PF was evaluated according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Manual (Preschool Children Section). Compositional data regression models were applied to examine the relationship between 24-h movement behaviors and health outcomes on weekdays and weekends. Optimal time-use compositions for each outcome were estimated, and 3D quaternary plots were generated to define the Goldilocks Day at the center of the overlapping regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>24-h movement behaviors were significantly correlated with EF (weekdays: F = 5.4, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>; weekends: F = 5.7, <em>p &lt; 0.001</em>), FMS (weekdays: F = 2.3, <em>p &lt; 0.05</em>; weekends: F = 2.5, <em>p &lt; 0.05</em>), and PF (weekdays: F = 4.6, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>; weekends: F = 5.3, <em>p &lt; 0.01</em>). Differences in optimal time-use between weekdays and weekends were observed. For weekdays, the optimal daily durations were: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 106 (70–140) min, light physical activity (LPA) 40 (30–50) min, SB 703 (600–800) min, and SLP 591 (470–700) min. For weekends, the optimal daily durations were: MVPA 115 (80–150) min, LPA 45 (40–50) min, SB 668 (570–760) min, and SLP 611 (530–690) min.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides recommendations for time allocation on weekdays and weekends to support the healthy development of preschool children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and sleep duration and health indicators in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xiao Liang ,&nbsp;Hui Qiu ,&nbsp;Justin A. Haegele ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Minghui Li ,&nbsp;Jiayue Li ,&nbsp;Shirley Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized available studies to explore relationships between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) levels or sleep duration and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines, the six databases APA PsychInfo, CINAHL Ultimate, Embase, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and Web of Science were searched from inception through July 2024. The correlation coefficient (<em>r</em>) was employed to determine the effect size in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was utilised to estimate the potentially heterogeneously distributed effect sizes with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) between groups. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using <em>I</em>^<em>2</em>, with a p-value derived from Q statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen eligible studies were included, involving 738 children and adolescents with ADHD (71.1 % boys). The health indicators assessed were executive functions (EFs), motor development, psychological health, and core ADHD symptoms. We found that higher PA levels (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) (k = 9, <em>r</em> = 0.36, 95 %CI 0.22 to 0.49) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 13.006, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 38 %, p = 0.112), and longer sleep duration (k = 6, <em>r</em> = 0.20, 95 %CI 0.06 to 0.35) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 7.495, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 33 %, p = 0.186), were significantly correlated with better overall EFs. Additionally, MVPA was negatively associated with psychopathology (k = 5, <em>r</em> = −0.19, 95 %CI -0.35 to −0.03) with medium heterogeneity (Q = 8.058, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 50 %, p = 0.089) in children and adolescents with ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings provide support for significant relationships between PA levels (i.e., MVPA) and sleep duration with overall EFs and MVPA with psychopathology in children and adolescents with ADHD. It is recommended that future studies conduct moderation analyses to examine factors that affect the generalisability of the findings, such as age, sex, and ADHD subtypes. However, these analyses could not be conducted in the current meta-analysis due to the limited number of included studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}