Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation on recovery of muscle performance after high-intensity sprint and resistance combined training sessions","authors":"Yosuke Hiroshige ,&nbsp;Ryusei Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Tomoki Ebato ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Kunitomo ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Kajitani ,&nbsp;Naohiro Shinada ,&nbsp;Hajime Kato ,&nbsp;Masanobu Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on recovery of hamstring muscle function after high-intensity sprint and resistance training in male collegiate sprinters.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A double-blinded, randomized, within-subjects crossover trial.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>A university research laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Nine athletes underwent a crossover trial, receiving either MENS (for 20 min per day) or placebo treatment for five days during and after three consecutive days of training.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force of hamstring, eccentric force using Nordic hamstring (NH force), jump ability (counter movement jump), muscle soreness using a visual analog scale, muscle flexibility, and muscle contractile properties using tensiomyography, were assessed before training and immediately, 1 day, and 2 days after training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MENS significantly accelerated recovery of MVC and NH force, muscle contraction velocity, and reduced muscle soreness compared to the placebo (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant effect was observed on muscle flexibility and jump height recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MENS may be a practical and effective passive recovery strategy to promote performance recovery in sprinters following high-intensity training. The study is the first investigation to evaluate MENS in training context and supports its potential to mitigate overreaching effects and reduce injury risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of habitual physical activity on cognitive performance of healthy young adults after passive heat exposure","authors":"Fuhai Zhuo ,&nbsp;Reubenjamin J. Gaurani ,&nbsp;Ivan C.C. Low ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Deshayes ,&nbsp;Jason K.W. Lee ,&nbsp;Stephen S. Cheung ,&nbsp;Pei Ling Choo ,&nbsp;Xiang Ren Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Regular physical activity is positively associated with enhanced cognitive performance, whereas excessive heat stress may negatively impact cognition. The role of habitual physical activity on cognitive function under heat stress is unclear. Thus, we investigated the influence of physical activity status on the cognitive performance of healthy individuals after acute passive heat exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study involved non-randomised quasi-experimental controlled trials where 28 participants (active: n = 13, 4 females, less-active: n = 15, 5 females) underwent 45-min hot water immersion (HWI). Participants immersed their lower limbs in 42 °C water in a seated position for 15 min before they wore a disposable raincoat and continued immersion for 30 min. Estimated core temperature via non-invasive CORE sensor, heart rate, ratings of thermal sensation and thermal comfort were monitored. Pre- and post-immersion, the participants performed Stroop test and Iowa gambling task (IGT) to assess selective attention, executive function and decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After HWI, both active and less-active participants attained hyperthermia (38.5 ± 0.4 °C and 38.3 ± 0.4 °C, respectively; <em>p</em> = 0.247). During HWI, the heart rate profiles, and subjective ratings were not different between groups regardless of physical activity status. Both groups exhibited faster reaction times and preserved accuracies in the Stroop test post-HWI, with no performance differences between groups. Similarly, for IGT, both active and less-active groups exhibited improved net scores post-HWI with no differences between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>When exposed to modest levels of heat strain (≤38.5 °C), both physically active and less-active groups did not show impairment in executive function and risk-taking behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of retrograde run training on long jump performances of student athletes: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Xinming Lai ,&nbsp;Nuttaset Manimmanakorn ,&nbsp;Apiwan Manimmanakorn ,&nbsp;Michael J. Hamlin","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><div>Retrograde run training increases forward run speed and muscle power. However, the effect of retrograde run training on long jump performance is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of retrograde run training on the long jump performance of physical education (PE) students compared to conventional training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized clinical trial was conducted including 120 PE students from Huzhou University Physical Education Faculty. The participants were randomly allocated into an experimental group or control group. Both groups received a conventional long jump training program, however the experimental group received additional retrograde run training (10 min 3 times per week for 12 weeks), while the control group received a similar level of forward run training. Changes in long jump and other performances were measured at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of the training program.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the 12-week intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in long jump, take off angle, take off accuracy, standing long jump, single leg stance, 30-m forward sprint and 40-m retrograde shuttle run compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Within-group analysis confirmed the experimental group improved significantly from baseline in all outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed significant improvement only in long jump performance, take-off angle, and single leg stance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The addition of retrograde run training to traditional long jump training significantly improved long jump performance in PE students and may be used as an alternative method to enhance long jump performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treasured but not measured ?: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical literacy in children and adolescents","authors":"John J. Reilly ,&nbsp;Kerry Robertson ,&nbsp;Farid Bardid","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Physical literacy is treasured because it underpins participation in physical activity and sport in children and adolescents. Physical literacy might have declined following COVID-19 movement restrictions, but whether such a decline took place is uncertain. This study aimed to examine if a post-COVID-19 decline in physical literacy occurred in children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review, registered on PROSPERO CRD42025646499 in February 2025, was used to assess changes in physical literacy following the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy, typically developing 3–18 year olds. Searching in June 2025 used 7 databases: Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Sports Medicine &amp; Education Index and a grey literature search in Global Think Tanks.Risk of bias assessment used the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) instrument.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only one eligible study was identified, which reported declining physical literacy in 8–14 year olds in Canada between 2019 and 2020.Evidence quality was moderate as assessed using the EPHPP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The impact of COVID-19 movement restrictions on physical literacy in children and adolescents could not be assessed due to lack of evidence. The lack of evidence on such an important topic is a valuable finding in itself. Understanding trends in physical literacy will require greater monitoring, and the inclusion of physical literacy measurement in public health surveillance. If physical literacy is really treasured it should be measured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is non-adherence to Canadian 24-h movement guidelines associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in Brazilian adolescents?","authors":"Maria Carolina Juvêncio Francisquini ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Garcia Dias ,&nbsp;Thais Maria de Souza Silva ,&nbsp;Géssika Castilho dos Santos ,&nbsp;Aristides M. Machado Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ,&nbsp;Bruno Gonçalves Galdino da Costa ,&nbsp;Antonio Stabelini Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the individual and combined association between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with emotional and behavioral difficulties in Brazilian adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 815 adolescents (52 % female), aged 11–15 years (mean age: 13.43 years), enrolled in public schools from Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil. Sleep duration (SLP) was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Screen time (ST) was assessed by self-reported daily use of electronic devices during the leisure time. Physical activity (PA) was measured by accelerometer. Mental health difficulties were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models, adjusted for age, gender, mother's education level, medication use, and BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings showed that non-adherence to the ST guideline was associated with higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (β: 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.05; 1.41; n = 815), and non-adherence to the SLP guideline was associated with higher total difficulties (β: 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.00; 1.16; n = 815). Combined analyses indicated significant associations between non-adherence to the PA + ST guidelines with higher emotional symptoms (β: 1.73; 95 % CI: 1.06; 2.83; n = 349), while non-adherence to the ST + SLP was associated with hyperactivity/inattention symptoms (β: 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.07; 1.62; n = 815).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Non-adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with higher symptoms of emotional and behavioral difficulties. Understanding adolescents’ lifestyles is crucial for developing efficient policies that enhance mental health among youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pre- and post-meal exercise on 24-H glucose profiles in young adults who are overweight and obese","authors":"Xiaoyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Bingqing Yang,&nbsp;Yilin Ho,&nbsp;Zhanjia Zhang,&nbsp;Dingfeng Wu,&nbsp;Junwei Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.200428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the long-term effects of pre-meal exercise (PRE) versus post-meal exercise (POST) on glucose homeostasis in young adults who are overweight and obese using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized controlled trial, 34 adults (18–35 years) completed a 10-week intervention. The PRE group performed ≥30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (65 % HRmax) within 60 min before meals, whereas the POST group exercised within 0–90 min after meals, five times weekly. Participants completed two supervised sessions and three self-directed sessions weekly, monitored via heart rate belts. Habitual diets were maintained throughout the study, and physical activity was monitored using ActiGraph 3X accelerometers. Primary outcomes were 24-h CGM metrics; secondary outcomes included physical activity and metabolic indicators. Two-way ANOVA were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There is no group × time interactions reached significance for any glucose variability metric, blood biomarker, or cardiovascular parameter (all p &gt; 0.05), confirming comparable efficacy between regimens. Significant time-effect improvements emerged in continuous glucose monitoring metrics (time in range: F = 4.85, p = 0.035) and cardiometabolic parameters (fasting glucose: F = 4.74, p = 0.038; insulin: F = 5.22, p = 0.030; triglyceride: F = 7.41, p = 0.011, systolic blood pressure: F = 4.45, p = 0.043; diastolic blood pressure: F = 15.04, p = 0.001) following the 10-week intervention. There is lower hypoglycemic exposure in the pre-meal group than the post-meal group (time below range, group effect: F = 4.54, p = 0.041), with triglycerides decreasing exclusively in pre-meal group (Δ = −.22 ± .37 mmol/L, p = 0.005). Post-meal exercise showed marginal insulin reduction (Δ = −1.92 μU/mL, p = 0.069).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 10-week exercise intervention significantly improved continuous glucose monitoring metrics (notably increased time in range) and cardiometabolic parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, blood pressure, triglycerides) without significant group × time interactions. The pre-meal group maintained consistently lower hypoglycemic exposure than the post-meal group. Triglyceride reduction occurred exclusively with pre-meal exercise, while insulin showed a marginal decrease only with post-meal exercise. These findings demonstrate comparable overall efficacy between timing protocols despite selective benefits for specific parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 200428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effect of dark chocolate intake before high-intensity resistance exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy young men","authors":"Urara Hata ,&nbsp;Yuto Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Midori Natsume ,&nbsp;Takanobu Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study investigated the effect of dark chocolate (DC) intake before resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve healthy adult males (age, 23.0 ± 1.0 years) performed DC or white chocolate (WC) intake trial on separate days in a randomized crossover trials. Participants consumed 50g of DC containing 1285 mg cocoa polyphenols or an isocaloric amount of WC 50g without polyphenols. All participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions using 80 % of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 5 sets of 10 repetitions using 70 % of the 1RM biceps curl. Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before chocolate intake (baseline); and before (at 60 min after chocolate intake), immediately after, and at 30 and 60 min after completing the RE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both trials, there was a significant increase in baPWV immediately after the RE compared with baseline (baseline: DC 1103 ± 94 cm/s, WC 1108 ± 167 cm/s; immediately after RE: DC 1300 ± 187 cm/s, WC 1325 ± 178 cm/s; P &lt; 0.05). In the DC intake trial, baPWV decreased to 1210 ± 180 cm/s at 30 min and 1155 ± 134 cm/s at 60 min after RE, compared to immediately after RE (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, in the WC intake trial baPWV was decreased to 1222 ± 176 cm/s at 60 min after RE compared to immediately after RE (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest that in comparison with WC intake, DC intake before RE might quickly reduce post-exercise increased arterial stiffness. <strong>Clinical Trials Registry Number</strong>: UMIN000052616.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 409-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of aerobic exercise on immune components across healthy and diseased populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Gengxin Dong ,&nbsp;Xueying He ,&nbsp;Jiya He ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao ,&nbsp;Qi Gao ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aerobic exercise may improve immune component quantities in healthy and diseased populations, but its effects across different health conditions and immune systems remain unclear. This review examined its impact on immune components in both populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search in June 2025 across four databases included randomized controlled studies on aerobic exercise's effects on immune components in adults. Data (M ± SD) were extracted and converted to standardized mean difference (SMD) using random-effect meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies (502 participants) were included. The meta-analysis results showed long-term aerobic exercise increased T-cell counts in diseased individuals (p &lt; 0.05) but not in healthy ones (p &gt; 0.05). It significantly reduced IgA levels in healthy participants compared to non-exercising controls (p &lt; 0.05), potentially counteracting natural temporal increases observed in sedentary populations, without affecting IgG, IgM, leukocytes, neutrophils, or monocytes in either group (p &gt; 0.05). Single-pass exercise did not alter leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD3⁺, or NK cells in healthy participants (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Long-term aerobic exercise primarily affects adaptive immune components, benefiting individuals with unstable immune conditions. Single-pass exercise has no effect on healthy populations, making long-term interventions more suitable for improving adaptive immunity in unstable immune states.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, identifier: CRD42024546696.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 435-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compared to moderate-intensity continuous training, short-term high-intensity interval training demonstrates enhanced effects on metabolic flexibility in adult males with obesity","authors":"Jia-Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Shi-Qi Lu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Bo Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) with matched energy expenditure on metabolic flexibility and other metabolic parameters in adult male individuals with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty male individuals with obesity (age: 21.4 ± 1.5 years; body mass index: 31.0 ± 3.6 kg/m²) were enrolled in this crossover design study. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention sequence of 1) 3 consecutive days of HIIT (30 min, 6 × 2.5 min bouts at 90 % Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO_2peak), alternated with 2.5 min active recovery periods [25 % VO_2peak]), or 2) three consecutive days of MICT (60 min at 50 % VO_2peak), with a washout period of 1 week. Respiratory quotient (RQ), glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were measured both during fasting and throughout a 180 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), conducted before and after the intervention. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were derived. ΔRQ was defined as the average RQ during the OGTT minus fasting RQ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Short-term exercise intervention significantly reduced HOMA-IR in male individuals with obesity (P &lt; 0.001) and concurrently increased the Matsuda index (P = 0.001). Both exercise interventions led to a similar decrease in fasting RQ (P = 0.001), C-peptide, insulin, and HOMA-IR (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, they reduced the iAUC for glucose and insulin during the OGTT (P &lt; 0.001). The ΔRQ and the RQ iAUC in the HIIT group were significantly higher than those in the MICT group, and different exercise intensities exhibited interactive effects within groups for RQ iAUC and ΔRQ (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Two short-term exercise interventions similarly improved glucose tolerance, with HIIT demonstrating a more advantageous effect on metabolic flexibility than MICT in male individuals with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>The trial was officially registered at <span><span>www.chictr.org.cn</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (ChiCTR2300072884).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of acute and chronic cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity of the upper and lower extremity muscles in young healthy females","authors":"Xuanyao Liu,&nbsp;Bin Leng,&nbsp;Haizhen Huang,&nbsp;Yadan He,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise on specific skeletal muscle microvascular function, despite its importance. This study aimed to assess the acute and chronic effects of cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity in the upper and lower extremities of young healthy females.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen young healthy females performed an acute bout of cycling exercise on a cycle ergometer at 75 % of their maximal heart rate for 30 min, both before and after cycling training three times a week for eight weeks. For each bout of acute exercise, microvascular function in the biceps brachii (BB) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique, measured pre-exercise and at 20-, 40-, and 60-min post-exercise. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total body fat mass, abdominal fat mass and leg fat mass were significantly reduced by training. Before training, cycling exercise acutely improved microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Eight weeks of cycling training significantly improved resting microvascular reactivity in BB but not in VL. Training had no impact on post-exercise microvascular reactivity at VL, but elicited improvement in BB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute and chronic cycling exercise enhanced skeletal muscle microvascular responses in the upper extremity of young healthy females, but this effect was not observed in the lower extremity. Training enhanced post-exercise microvascular responses at upper extremity but not lower extremity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}