Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between 24-h Movement Behaviors and executive function in children aged 3–6 years: The mediating and moderating roles of fundamental movement skills","authors":"Zongyu Yang ,&nbsp;Long Yin ,&nbsp;Fang Li ,&nbsp;Pan Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Bin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study seeks to explore the role of children's fundamental movement skills(FMS) within the framework of 24-h Movement Behaviors and executive function(EF)through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employs a cross-sectional design. Apart from sleep data, which was collected via questionnaires, all other data were objectively measured using ActiGraph wGT3-BT accelerometers. EF was assessed using N-Back and Flanker tasks, while FMS was evaluated using the third edition of the test of gross motor development (TGMD-3). Both the isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformation and SEM were conducted using RStudio software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 24-h Movement Behaviors predicted children's inhibitory control(IC) reaction time (P = 0.018). FMS significantly predicted both IC and working memory (WM) (P = 0.001). However, the direct impact of 24-h Movement Behaviors on FMS was not significant (P &gt; 0.050). The interaction between FMS and overall, 24-h Movement Behaviors, along with their observed variables significantly promoted the positive development of children's EF (P &lt; 0.050).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Within the 24-h Movement Behaviors framework, FMS did not exhibit its previously established mediating role. However, the interaction between FMS and 24-h Movement Behaviors positively promoted the development of children's EF. This suggests that FMS plays an important regulatory role in the relationship between 24-h Movement Behaviors and EF, which is significant for the overall development of children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the functioning of attentional networks and heart rate variability in healthy young adults","authors":"Tian Yue ,&nbsp;Fengya Li ,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Human attentional mechanisms comprise three distinct networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. Studies assessing the acute effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on these networks have yielded inconsistent results. Similarly, the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on these networks remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of HIIT and MICT on the functioning of attentional networks and explored the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and these networks in healthy young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six healthy college students completed HIIT, MICT, and a resting (CON) session in a randomized cross-over design. The HIIT protocol comprised 10 × 1-min bouts at 100 % peak power output (Wpeak) with 1 min of active recovery at 20 % Wpeak. The MICT protocol was applied at 40 % Wpeak for 30 min. Functioning of the attentional networks was assessed post-intervention using the Attention Network Test for Interactions (ANT-I). HRV was recorded pre- and post-exercise/rest and during the ANT-I.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HIIT significantly reduced the alerting function compared to CON (<em>p</em> = 0.017) but enhanced executive control compared to CON (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and MICT (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Following HIIT, immediate reductions in the log-transformed root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) were significantly correlated with alerting (r = 0.554, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and executive control functions (r = 0.412, <em>p</em> = 0.016). Task-related LnRMSSD reductions also correlated with alerting (r = 0.424, <em>p</em> = 0.013) and executive control functions (r = 0.356, <em>p</em> = 0.039).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single session of HIIT selectively modulated the functioning of attentional networks, decreasing alerting function while enhancing executive control. These effects were partly mediated by increased arousal resulting from parasympathetic withdrawal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of L-citrulline supplementation on cerebrovascular function during sprint interval training in taekwondo athletes","authors":"Aiqin Li ,&nbsp;Haojie Li ,&nbsp;Jiangang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sprint Interval Training (SIT), a high - intensity exercise commonly used to improve athletic performance in combat sports, can affect cerebral blood flow. As the maintenance of cerebrovascular health is crucial for athletic performance and recovery, this study aimed to examine the effects of L-citrulline supplementation on cerebrovascular function following SIT in Taekwondo athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty male Taekwondo athletes (ages 18–30) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants received either 8.8 g of L-citrulline or a placebo (maltodextrin) for 5 consecutive days. The protocol involved four 30-s maximal sprints. Cerebrovascular function was assessed using transcranial Doppler (TCD) to measure changes in the breath-holding index (ΔBHI) and Pulse Index (ΔPI) before and after exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference was found for average power between conditions (F = 1.27, P = 0.275, η²_p = 0.07). A significant improvement in cerebrovascular function was observed in the L-citrulline group, with a positive change in ΔBHI (F = 5.09, P = 0.037, η²_p = 0.22). No significant effect was found for ΔPI (F = 0.19, P = 0.669, η²_p = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>L-citrulline supplementation enhanced cerebrovascular function recovery after SIT, suggesting a protective effect for Taekwondo athletes engaged in high-intensity training by promoting cerebral vascular health without affecting performance or peripheral resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on memory functions and serum levels of BDNF and TrkB in young adult and older adult male football players","authors":"Naseh Jahani ,&nbsp;Vahid Valipour Dehnou ,&nbsp;Rasoul Eslami ,&nbsp;Daniel Gahreman","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on verbal memory (VM) and non-verbal memory (NVM) functions as well as BDNF and TrkB serum levels in young and older adult male football players.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-nine male football players voluntarily participated in this study and were divided into two age groups: G1 (young; 19–30 years old, n = 15, football experience 10.6 ± 2.79 years) and G2 (older; 46–71 years old, n = 14, football experience 35.78 ± 9.48 years). Serum BDNF and TrkB levels and performance on the VM and NVM tests were measured before and after a 60-min aerobic exercise session. A 2 (Time) x 2 (Group) mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA test was used to detect the effects of exercise and age differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a statistically significant time × group interaction of age and exercise on BDNF and TrkB levels (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.001; respectively). However, this interaction was not observed for VM and NVM (p = 0.751, p = 0.869; respectively). There was also a significant effect of the group on BDNF, TrkB, and NVM (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.01; respectively), whereas there was not a significant effect on VM (p = 0.094). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of time on BDNF, TrkB, and VM (p &lt; 0.001, for all); but not on NVM (p = 0.110).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Regular football training participation can maintain BDNF levels as a neurotrophin that can improve cognitive functions. Likewise, this neurotrophin and its receptor's response to aerobic exercise in old age suggests the effectiveness of exercise as a preventive strategy against age-related memory loss and neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of crank length on cycling efficiency, sprint performance, and perceived fatigue in high-level amateur road cyclists","authors":"Jinsong Li ,&nbsp;Qiushi Wang ,&nbsp;Yunqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Gengxin Dong ,&nbsp;Guangtong Ma ,&nbsp;Shuting Peng ,&nbsp;Binbin Wang ,&nbsp;Jiuyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different crank lengths (165 mm, 170 mm, and 175 mm) on cycling efficiency, sprint performance, and perceived fatigue in high-level amateur road cyclists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single-blind, randomized crossover design was employed, involving 28 trained male cyclists who completed three trials, each using a different crank length. Performance metrics, cycling economy (CE) including 20-min cycling under 60 % VO_2MAX, peak and average power during a 6s sprint, cadence, heart rate, and perceived exertion, were measured using validated ergometers and metabolic analyzers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated significant differences in 60 %VO_2MAXRPE were observed between the 165 mm and 175 mm cranks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, δ = −0.72) and between the 175 mm and 170 mm cranks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, δ = −0.67). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between the 165 mm and 170 mm cranks (<em>p</em> = 0.25, δ = −0.17). For 60 %VO_2MAX, 6sMaxPower, 6sAVPower, 6sAVRpm, CE, 60 %VO_2MAXAVHeart, 6sMaxRpm no significant differences were observed between any of the crank length groups (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.34).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For high-level amateur road cyclists, using a 165 mm or 170 mm crank reduces subjective fatigue compared to a 175 mm crank, influencing affecting cycling efficiency or sprint performance. These findings help refine crank length recommendations to optimize performance, reduce injury risk, and improve comfort for high-level amateur road cyclists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between changes in physical activity and sarcopenia risk in middle-aged and older adults","authors":"Xiaoxiang Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the longitudinal relationship between the changes in physical activity in middle-aged and older persons and sarcopenia risk utilizing data from a nationally representative population in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 2831 participants (44.5 % men, 55.5 % women, mean age 61.86 ± 9.33 years). Participants were divided into active to active (A-A, n = 1367), inactive to active (I-A, n = 455), active to inactive (A-I, n = 553), and inactive to inactive (I-I, n = 456) groups based on changes in physical activity between 2011 and 2015. Sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk indicators were determined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. One-way analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the changes in physical activity and sarcopenia risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Handgrip strength tended to have a significant difference, and walking speed and 5-time chair stand test had significant differences among the A-A, I-A, A-I, and I-I groups (all p &lt; 0.05). Compared to the I-I group, the likelihood of sarcopenia was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.52–0.81) and I-A (OR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.51–0.87) groups, the likelihood of poor muscle strength was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.76) and I-A (OR: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.83) groups, and the rate of low physical performance was lower in the A-A (OR: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.41), I-A (OR: 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.29–0.50) and A-I (OR: 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.71) groups after controlling for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Middle-aged and older people who remain or become physically active have a lower risk of sarcopenia, poor muscle strength, and low physical performance. Conversely, those who stop being physically active have a higher risk of sarcopenia, poor muscle strength, and low physical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 190-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of variable resistance training with different load ratios on lower-limb strength and power in male college students","authors":"Changbo Pan ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yuying Su ,&nbsp;Yu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The optimum relationship combination of variable to constant resistance within variable resistance training (VRT) for enhancing lower-limb strength and power remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how different ratios of variable to constant resistance in VRT affect lower-limb strength and power.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five male college students (age: 21.65 ± 2.20 years; height: 179.65 ± 4.98 cm; body mass: 77.21 ± 6.77 kg; resistance training experience: 3.00 ± 0.96 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: 20 % VRT (n = 15), 35 % VRT (n = 15), and constant resistance training (CRT, n = 15). All groups trained squats twice weekly for 6 weeks at 80 % 1RM total load (20 % VRT: 20 % variable resistance combined 80 % constant resistance; 35 % VRT: 35 % variable resistance combined 65 % constant resistance; CRT: 100 % constant resistance). Pre- and post-experiment tests included squat 1RM, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), 20-m sprint, and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA). A mixed-design ANOVA (group × time) was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 20 % VRT group surpassed CRT in maximal strength cross-sectionally (F = 3.565, <em>p</em> = 0.037) but not longitudinally (<em>p</em> = 0.079). All groups improved strength over time (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.87–0.94). A significant interaction (F = 3.407, <em>p</em> = 0.043) indicated SJ improvement for 35 % VRT vs. CRT (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.43), with no CMJ, SBJ, sprint, or RFCSA differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VRT and CRT yield equivalent long-term strength gains. Different combinations of variable to constant resistance ratios in VRT (20 % and 35 %) led to distinct task-specific adaptations in lower-limb performance. Practitioners should prioritize 35 % VRT for static explosive tasks, use 20 % VRT as a supplementary strength tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation of executive functions in the relationship between motor skills and psychosocial health in preschool children","authors":"Sen Li ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Qingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Early motor skills develop alongside executive functions and psychosocial health. However, the interaction between these elements in early childhood is not well-studied. This study aimed to examine whether executive functions mediate the relationship between motor skills and psychosocial health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 452 children (mean age = 6.14 ± 0.29 years, 48.9 % female) were included in this cross-sectional study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) was used to assess motor skills. Executive functions were measured using the Go/No-Go Test, Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, and List Sorting Working Memory Test from the Early Years Toolbox (ages 3–7). Social skills and problem behaviors were assessed using the preschool version of the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scale (SSIS-RS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation was employed to examine the mediating role of executive functions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gross motor skills were positively associated with inhibition (β = 0.41, p &lt; 0.01), shifting (β = 0.20, p &lt; 0.01), working memory (β = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01), social skills (β = 0.50, p &lt; 0.05), and negatively associated with problem behaviors (β = −0.23, p &lt; 0.05). Inhibition (β = 0.107, p &lt; 0.001) and shifting (β = −0.018, p &lt; 0.05) mediated the relationship between gross motor skills and social skills. Additionally, inhibition (β = −0.086, p &lt; 0.001) and shifting (β = 0.019, p &lt; 0.05) mediated the relationship between gross motor skills and problem behaviors. Fine motor skills were positively associated with inhibition (β = 0.35, p &lt; 0.01), shifting (β = 0.16, p &lt; 0.01), and working memory (β = 0.21, p &lt; 0.01), but not significantly related to social skills (β = 0.08, p &gt; 0.05) or problem behaviors (β = 0, p &gt; 0.05). Inhibition (β = 0.144, p = 0.001) mediated the relationship between fine motor skills and social skills, while both inhibition (β = −0.102, p = 0.001) and shifting (β = 0.014, p = 0.041) mediated the relationship between fine motor skills and problem behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Executive functions significantly mediate the association between motor skills and psychosocial health in preschool children. Future experimental studies are required to examine causality in young children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of various exercise types in reducing fall risk among older adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Pang ,&nbsp;Peixin Shen ,&nbsp;Dewei Mao ,&nbsp;Qipeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) increases fall risk in diabetics. Due to varying variables used to assess fall risk, the impact of exercise on fall prevention remains inconsistent. This study reviews and compares the effects of different exercises on fall risk among older adults with DPN.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 17th, 2025. Inclusion criteria were: older adults with DPN; exercise intervention only, an inactive or non-exercising control group, and randomized controlled trials with outcome variables: timed up and go (TUG) time, gait speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, one-legged standing (OLS) time with eye open (EO) and closed (EC). The mean difference (MD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 articles included five exercise types: balance exercise (BE), multi-component exercise (ME), strength exercise (SE), whole-body vibration (WBV) and foot-ankle functional training (FT). BE reduced TUG time (MD = −1.47, 95 % CI = −1.79 to −1.15) and increased gait speed (0.11, 0.04–0.18), BBS score (0.93, 0.49–1.37), and OLS time (EO: 2.72, 1.86–3.58; EC:1.58, 1.0–2.17). ME reduced TUG time (−1.71, −2.26 to −1.17) and increased BBS score (2.0, 1.28–2.72) and OLS time (EO: 7.07, 4.35–9.79; EC: 2.61, 1.28–3.94); SE reduced TUG time (−1.45, −2.75 to −0.15) and increased gait speed (0.09, 0.06–0.12); WBV increased OLS time (EO: 1.94, 1.32–2.56; EC: 1.86, 0.16–3.56) but did not affect TUG time or gait speed. FT did not affect TUG time or gait speed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exercise reduced fall risks among older adults with DPN. BE and ME were effective in reducing fall risks, followed by SE. WBV improved static balance but failed in dynamic balance. FT showed limited effects on fall prevention and was not recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation role of telomere length in the relationship between physical activity and PhenoAge: A population-based study","authors":"Yanwei You ,&nbsp;Dizhi Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Ding ,&nbsp;Weizhao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Danyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuquan Chen ,&nbsp;Xindong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between physical activity (PA), telomere length, and phenotypic age (PhenoAge) represents a pivotal area of investigation in aging research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study encompassed a cohort of 6200 participants aged 20 years and above, sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed employing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, while DNA samples were collected to determine telomere length, measured in base pairs. PhenoAge, an emerging aging index relying on nine distinct chemical biomarkers, was computed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Incorporating a fully adjusted model, our analysis showed significant correlations between PA engagement and PhenoAge [Low PA, β (95 % CI): 0.039(-0.071,-0.008), p = 0.021; Moderate PA, β (95 % CI): 0.058(-0.082,-0.034), p &lt; 0.001; High PA, β (95 % CI): 0.069(-0.096,-0.042), p &lt; 0.001]. Furthermore, a positive link emerged between elevated PA levels and telomere length, with a β (95 % CI) of 0.011(0.001, 0.022), p = 0.034. A mediation analysis was performed, demonstrating that telomere length mediated the connection between PA and PhenoAge, with a proportion mediated calculated at 3.57 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that PA may play a key role in mitigating aging processes by preserving telomere length, highlighting the potential of PA as a target for interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"23 3","pages":"Pages 149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}