Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Measuring physical literacy for an evidence-based approach: Validation of the French perceived physical literacy instrument for emerging adults","authors":"Joseph Gandrieau ,&nbsp;Olivier Dieu ,&nbsp;François Potdevin ,&nbsp;Thibaut Derigny ,&nbsp;Christophe Schnitzler","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>Physical Literacy (PL) is increasingly recognized as a key element in studies aimed at promoting Physical Activity (PA), but measurement tools for emerging adults and evidence for assessing and using this concept is lacking in a wide range of contexts. We aimed to validate the French version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI): a scale for investigating PL in young French adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After PL and PA data collection (n = 2,248, age_mean = 19 ± 1.53 yrs), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's α and Omega's ω and an Intraclass-Correlation analysis were undertaken. Spearman's rank correlation and the Boruta algorithm were used to investigate the association between PL and PA. Boruta's algorithm examined deeper external validation by analyzing the strength of an overall PL score in explaining PA, compared with separate dimensions of PL and individual characteristics (BMI, sex).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed an acceptable level of reliability (ICC = 0.91), internal validity (α = 0.88; ω = 0.77), and external validity (Rhô &gt;0.18, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The Boruta algorithm highlighted that the construct of PL is a significant predictor of PA, although not the strongest one which is social and affective dimension.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provided data on validity and reliability of the first French assessment tool to measure PL constituted by four intertwined dimensions (physical, cognitive, social, affective). At the same time, it provides new evidence of the association between PL and PA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/cf/main.PMC10373918.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant others and students’ leisure-time physical activity intention: A prospective test of the social influence in sport model","authors":"Diana L.Y. Su ,&nbsp;Alfred S.Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Joan S.K. Chung ,&nbsp;Tracy C.W. Tang ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Capio ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Derwin K.C. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>This two-wave prospective study applied the Social Influence in Sport Model to investigate whether the social influences of parents, physical education (PE) teachers, and peers were predictive of students' intention to engage in leisure-time physical activity (PA).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 2,484 secondary school students (11–18 years old) who completed a questionnaire assessing positive influence, punishment, and dysfunction from the three social agents (parents, PE teachers, and peers) at baseline, and PA intention at a 1-month follow-up. Structural equation modelling (SEM) yielded excellent goodness-of-fit and consistent pathways between the three social agents.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Students' leisure-time PA intention (R² = .103 to 0.112) was positively associated with positive influence (β = .223 to 0.236, p &lt; .001) and punishment (β = .214 to 0.256, p &lt; .01), and negatively associated with dysfunction (β = - 0.281 to -.335, p &lt; .001). Multi-group SEM showed that the predictions were invariant between parents, PE teachers, and peers. Furthermore, no significant differences in students' gender were found between perceived social influence and PA intention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings supported the application of the Social Influence in Sport Model in explaining the role of significant others on students’ intention to take part in leisure-time PA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 275-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/c2/main.PMC10242626.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9600606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a 12-week walking intervention on circulating lipid profiles and adipokines in normal weight and abdominal obese female college students","authors":"Yi-Han Chiu ,&nbsp;Shiow-Chwen Tsai ,&nbsp;Chen-Si Lin ,&nbsp;Li-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Kuo-Chin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>Regular exercise such as aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of some diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, only few studies have investigated the impact of regular aerobic exercise on non-obese and overweight/obese persons. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effect of a 12-week 10,000 steps a day walking intervention on the body composition, serum lipids, adipose tissue function, and obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk between normal weight and overweight/obese female college students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten normal weight (NWCG) and 10 overweight/obese (AOG) individuals were recruited in this study. Both groups performed a regular 10,000 steps a day walk for 12 weeks. Their blood pressure, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood lipid profiles were evaluated. Moreover, serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results revealed that triglyceride (TG), TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and leptin were significantly reduced in the AOG group after the 12-week walking intervention. However, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and adiponectin/leptin ratio were significantly increased in the AOG group. There was little or no change in these variables in the NWCG group after the 12-week walking intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study demonstrated that a 12-week walking intervention may help improve cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk by decrease resting heart rate, modulating blood lipid profiles, and inducing adipokine alterations in obese individuals. Therefore, our research encourages obese young adults to improve their physical health by participating in a 12-week walking program of 10,000 steps a day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/8e/main.PMC10173777.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9468563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the Spanish perceived physical literacy instrument for adolescents (S-PPLI)","authors":"José Francisco López-Gil ,&nbsp;Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ,&nbsp;Pedro J. Tárraga-López ,&nbsp;Antonio García-Hermoso","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (S-PPLI) questionnaire in Spanish adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The participants of this study were 360 Spanish adolescents (aged 12–17 years) from three secondary schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A cultural adaptation process of the original version of the PPLI questionnaire was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the three-factor structure of physical literacy. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to estimate the test-retest concordance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loading of all items above the standard of 0.40 ranged from 0.53 to 0.77, suggesting that the observed variables sufficiently represented the latent variables. Analyses for convergent validity showed average variance extracted values that ranged from 0.40 to 0.52 and composite reliability values higher than 0.60. All the correlations were below the recommended cutoff point of 0.85, which indicated that the three physical literacy factors achieved adequate discriminant validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for all items), which indicated moderate/good reliability.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that the S-PPLI is a valid and reliable measure of physical literacy among Spanish adolescents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/ec/main.PMC10182311.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9488273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment","authors":"Miho Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Hojo ,&nbsp;Aya Arai ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Fukuoka","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>In our previous laboratory experiment (room temperature of 25 °C), CO₂-rich cool-water immersion (CCWI) suppressed subjects' core body temperature even during repeated exercise. It is unclear whether the suppression of body temperature elevation would also continue after CCWI in a hot outdoor environment. Herein we investigated the thermal effects of CCWI after regular exercise training in heat on subjects' core temperature (T_core), three skin temperatures (T_skin), heart rate (HR), and the rate of perceived ice (RPI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-six subjects (25 males, 11 females) were randomly allocated into three groups (CCWI, CWI, and control). After training at their competitive clubs, each subject was immersed up to the chest in CCWI or CWI at 20 °C for 20 min, followed by a 60-min recovery period. T_core, T_skin, HR, and RPI were measured at the initial rest, the end of immersion, and every 10 min during the recovery period.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to the control, the CCWI subjects' T_core was significantly lower at 50–60 min after the end of immersion (p &lt; 0.05). T_skin at abdominal and lower-leg regions during the recovery period was maintained at significantly lower values in the CWI and CCWI groups versus control (p &lt; 0.05). The CCWI subjects maintained lower T_skin for a longer time than the CWI subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that CCWI suppresses the rise in body temperatures more than CWI, even in a hot environment, suggesting that CCWI may be a more effective countermeasure against increasing body temperature in a hot outdoor environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49877787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical internal and external cooling methods do not influence rapid recovery from simulated taekwondo performance","authors":"Pariya Pariyavuth ,&nbsp;Jason Kai Wei Lee ,&nbsp;Pearl Min Sze Tan ,&nbsp;Kanokwan Vichaiwong ,&nbsp;Christopher Mawhinney ,&nbsp;Metta Pinthong","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>The influence of post-exercise cooling on recovery has gained much attention in the empirical literature, however, data is limited in regards to optimizing recovery from taekwondo performance when combat is repeated in quick succession within the same day. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of external and internal cooling after simulated taekwondo combat upon intestinal temperature (T_int), psychomotor skills (reaction time, response time, movement time), and neuromuscular function (peak torque, average power, time to reach peak torque).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 10 well-trained male taekwondo athletes completed four recovery methods on separate occasions: passive recovery (CON), a 5-minute thermoneutral water immersion (35°C) (TWI), a 5-min cold water immersion (15°C) (CWI), and ice slurry ingestion (-1°C) (ICE; consumed every 5 min for 30 min). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Blac) concentrations, and T_int were determined at rest, immediately after combat, and at selected intervals during a 90-min recovery period. Neuromuscular functional (measured with isokinetic dynamometer) and psychomotor indices were assessed at baseline and after the recovery period.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ICE led to a significantly lower T_int at 30 min (P&lt;0.01) and 45 min (P&lt;0.01) after simulated combat; 15-30 min after cessation of ingesting ice slurry, compared with the CON and TWI conditions, respectively. However, there were no differences in T_int across time points between the other conditions (P&gt;0.05). Psychomotor skills and neuromuscular function indices returned to baseline values after the 90 min recovery period (P&gt;0.05) with no differences observed between conditions (P&gt;0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present findings suggest that internal (ICE) and external (CWI) recovery methods appear to have little impact on physiological and functional indices over the time course required to influence repeated taekwondo combat performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/53/main.PMC10272492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9715795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the United Arab Emirates 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents","authors":"Ali Muneer Alrahma ,&nbsp;Hanan Al Suwaidi ,&nbsp;Reem AlGurg ,&nbsp;Zeina Farah ,&nbsp;Hamda Khansaheb ,&nbsp;Rahma Ajja ,&nbsp;Mouza Alzaabi ,&nbsp;Aisha Al Hamiz ,&nbsp;Abdulla Aljunaibi ,&nbsp;Abdishakur Abdulle ,&nbsp;Aysha Al Dhaheri ,&nbsp;Syed Mahboob Shah ,&nbsp;Javaid Nauman ,&nbsp;Tom Loney","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objective</h3><p>The United Arab Emirates (UAE) 2022 Report Card provides a systematic evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of children and adolescents in the UAE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The 2022 Report Card utilized data from 2017 to 2021 to inform 10 core PA indicators that were common to the Global Matrix 4.0.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One in five (19%) UAE school children achieved the recommended amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA (i.e. ≥60 min/d; Total Physical Activity Grade F). Less than 1% of school children used active transport to and from school (Active Transportation Grade F). One in four (26%) secondary school children achieved the recreational screen time recommendations (i.e. ≤2 h/d; Sedentary Behaviours Grade D-). A quarter of adults reported achieving the recommended PA level (i.e. ≥150 min of moderate-intensity PA per week, or equivalent) (Family and Peers Grade D-). All school children are taught physical education (PE) by a specialist with at least a bachelor's degree in PE; however, the duration of weekly PE classes varied between schools (School Grade A-). The UAE Government has invested significant funds and resources into developing and implementing strategies and facilities that will increase PA across the entire population (Government Grade B+). Organised Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Community and Environment indicators were graded ‘Incomplete’ (INC) due to a lack of available data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, PA levels remain low and sedentary behaviours remain high amongst UAE children and adolescents. The UAE Government has sustained investment in further developing PA opportunities for all children and adults which should translate to increased PA and health improvements at a population level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/2a/main.PMC10009522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and neuromuscular adaptations induced by a home-based whole-body high intensity interval training","authors":"Corentin Scoubeau ,&nbsp;Julie Carpentier ,&nbsp;Stéphane Baudry ,&nbsp;Vitalie Faoro ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Klass","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Bodyweight exercises performed at home could be a complementary approach to improve health-related fitness in people having little spare time and during stay-at-home periods. This study then investigated body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and neuromuscular adaptations to a home-based, video-directed, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen subjects participated to an 8-week WB-HIIT (6 females, 23 ± 1 years) and fourteen were included in a non-exercise control group (CTL; 6 females, 24 ± 4 years). All took part to pre- and post-intervention assessments of body composition, peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) and first ventilatory threshold (VT1; index of aerobic capacity), dynamic (leg press 3-repetition maximum) and isometric strength (knee extensors maximal isometric contractions with assessment of voluntary activation), and muscle endurance during an isometric submaximal contraction maintained till exhaustion. WB-HIIT consisted in 30-s all-out whole-body exercises interspaced with 30 s of active recovery. Training sessions were performed at home by means of videos with demonstration of exercises. Heart rate was monitored during sessions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>WB-HIIT increased VO₂peak (5%), VT1 (20%), leg lean mass (3%), dynamic (13%) and isometric strength (6%), and muscle endurance (28%; p &lt; 0.05), while they did not improve in CTL. VO₂peak increase was correlated (r = 0.56; p &lt; 0.05) with the time spent above 80% of maximal heart rate during training sessions. Isometric strength increase was correlated with change in voluntary activation (r = 0.74; p &lt; 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The home-based WB-HIIT induced concomitant cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular improvements. The predominant effect was observed for aerobic capacity and muscle endurance which could improve exercise tolerance and reduce fatigability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 226-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/3f/main.PMC10034507.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9198379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of physical activity and nutritional status among children and adolescents in Zimbabwe: Findings from three global matrix initiatives","authors":"Taru Manyanga ,&nbsp;Daga Makaza ,&nbsp;Nyaradzai E. Munambah ,&nbsp;Carol Mahachi ,&nbsp;Caroline Mavingire ,&nbsp;Tholumusa F. Mlalazi ,&nbsp;Matilda Mukaro ,&nbsp;Tonderayi M. Matsungo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background/Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regular physical activity is associated with several benefits among children and adolescents. Globally, only limited surveillance data, collected using harmonized approaches to accurately compare levels of physical activity among children and adolescents are available. Through its Global Matrix initiatives, Active Health Kids Global Alliance provides an opportunity for participating countries/jurisdictions to compare physical activity levels of children and adolescents based on ten common indicators. The 2022 Zimbabwe Report Card summarizes the best available evidence and assigns grades on these ten indicators of physical activity for children and adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through an iterative process, a team of national experts working in various sectors of physical activity used Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance's Global Matrix benchmarks and grading rubric, to assign Report Card grades on 10 indicators of physical activity (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours, Physical Fitness, School, Family and Peers, Community Environment, and Government) among 5-17-year-old children and adolescents in Zimbabwe. Published and unpublished data as well as policy documents informing grades for each indicator were summarized. An unweighted average of all studies with data for an indicator was used to inform the grade assignment. Where data were unavailable or insufficient to provide accurate estimates, an incomplete grade was assigned. The primary purpose of the present study was to synthesize and summarize the best available data and assign grades on 10 common indicators of physical activity for children and adolescents. The secondary objective was to compare Report Grades across three Global Matrix initiatives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grades for the ten common indicators for Global Matrix 4.0 plus Nutritional Status &lt;strong&gt;(B+&lt;/strong&gt;) were assigned as follows: Overall Physical Activity (&lt;strong&gt;C+&lt;/strong&gt;), Organized Sport and Physical Activity (&lt;strong&gt;B-&lt;/strong&gt;), Active Play (&lt;strong&gt;C+&lt;/strong&gt;), Active Transportation (&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;), Sedentary Behaviours (&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;), Physical Fitness (&lt;strong&gt;Incomplete&lt;/strong&gt;), Family and Peers (&lt;strong&gt;Incomplete&lt;/strong&gt;), School (&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;), Community and Environment (&lt;strong&gt;C-&lt;/strong&gt;), Government (&lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;). Generally, grades for individual behaviours (Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours) were higher than for sources of influence (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, Government). Across 3 Global Matrices, the grade for Overall Physical activity (&lt;strong&gt;C+&lt;/strong&gt;) did not change, Community and Environment (&lt;strong&gt;F, D, C-&lt;/strong&gt;) steadily improved over time; while those for Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours and S","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/b5/main.PMC9944127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10792628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of upper extremity star excursion balance test in adolescent swimmers","authors":"Hao-Ran Xu ,&nbsp;Yong-Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Mao ,&nbsp;Thanh Luan Ngo ,&nbsp;Qiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang He ,&nbsp;Zhimin Feng ,&nbsp;Wenjia Sun ,&nbsp;Xue-Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>Upper limb balance is one of the important physical fitness parameters for all populations, especially overhead athletes like swimmers. Upper extremity star excursion balance test (UESEBT) is a comprehensive dynamic balance assessment, this study aims to explore the reliability and validity of UESEBT among adolescent swimmers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study recruited 70 adolescent swimmers. All participants were required to complete UESEBT, upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), maximal isometric strength (MIS) tests in upper limb, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), trunk flexor endurance test (TFET) and lateral trunk endurance test (LTET). The intra- and inter-operator reliability and the correlation of UESEBT with other physical performances were conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For reliability, the intra- and inter-operator reliability of all directions and composite score were high-to-excellent (ICC = 0.706−1.000) among all participants. For validity, the UESEBT has a moderate-to-strong correlation with UQYBT (<em>r</em> = 0.42−0.72, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and a weak-to moderate one with CKCUEST (<em>r</em> = 0.25−0.42, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the UESEBT performance showed weak-to-moderate correlations with MIS (<em>r</em> = 0.24−0.44, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). UESEBT was correlated to LTET (<em>r</em> = 0.24−0.33, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) whereas no relationship was found with TFET.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>UESEBT was a reliable and valid tool to screen upper extremity dynamic balance among adolescent swimmers. UESEBT provides more detailed information in eight directions to assess the upper limb sport performance. Further study should explore the prediction ability of UESEBT for injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/c1/main.PMC10009542.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}