Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wilson KC. Leung ,&nbsp;Suk-yu Yau ,&nbsp;Yijian Yang ,&nbsp;Anthony WL. Kwok ,&nbsp;Eliza ML. Wong ,&nbsp;Jasmine KM. Cheung ,&nbsp;Edward WC. Shum ,&nbsp;Simon C. Lam ,&nbsp;Lorna KP. Suen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>/Objective</em>. An explosion in global obesity epidemic poses threats to the healthcare system by provoking risks of many debilitating diseases, including cognitive dysfunction. Physical activity has been shown to alleviate the deleterious effects of obesity-associated cognitive deficits across the lifespan. Given the strong neuroprotective role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exercise training as a known modulator for its elevation, this systematic review sought to examine the strength of the association between exercise and BDNF levels in healthy people with overweight and obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Six electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid Nursing Database, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from their inceptions through December 2022. The primary outcome of interest was BDNF levels. Interventional studies (randomized and quasi-experimental) with English full text available were included. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Data were extracted for meta-analyses by random-effects models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen studies (<em>n</em> = 750), of which 69.2% (9/13) had low risk of bias, were included. In the meta-analysis, exercise interventions had no significant effect on resting BDNF levels (standardized mean difference: −0.30, 95% CI -0.80 to 0.21, <em>P</em> = 0.25). Subgroup analyses also indicated no effects of age and types of control groups being compared on moderating the association.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To further inform the role of BDNF in obesity-related cognitive functioning, rigorous studies with larger samples of participants and raw data available were imperatively deserved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 278-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000339/pdfft?md5=5514d324e831e552b9b4e2d246be60ec&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000339-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating performance on the Glittre-ADL test in men with long COVID 3 years after a SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"Mayra Gomes Soares Silva ,&nbsp;Thiago Lemos Carvalho ,&nbsp;João Eduardo de Azevedo Vieira ,&nbsp;Lohana Resende da Costa ,&nbsp;Davi Luiz Olimpio da Silva ,&nbsp;Alexsandra Lima Barcellos Costa ,&nbsp;Hendyl Pereira Soares dos Anjos ,&nbsp;Agnaldo José Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Many COVID-19 survivors, especially those who have been hospitalized, have been suffering numerous complications that limit their activities of daily living, although changes that persist 3 years after infection are still not known. We aimed to investigate the impact of long COVID on the Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) 3 years after acute infection in men who needed hospitalization and explore whether the performance on the TGlittre is associated with impairments in lung function, muscle strength, physical function and quality of life (QoL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional study with 42 men with long COVID who took the TGlittre. They underwent pulmonary function tests and measurements of handgrip strength and quadriceps strength (QS). Additionally, they also completed the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age was 52 ± 10.6 years, while the mean time after diagnosis of COVID-19 was 37 ± 3.5 months. The mean TGlittre time was 3.3 (3.1–4.1) min, which was 10% greater than the time expected for normal individuals to complete it. The TGlittre time was correlated significantly with the QS (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −0.397, <em>p</em> = 0.009), pulmonary diffusion (<em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = − 0.364, p = 0.017), FIM (r_s = −0.364, p = 0.017) and the “activity” domain score of the SGRQ (r_s = 0.327, p = 0.034).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Functional capacity on exertion as measured by the TGlittre time is normal in most men with long COVID 3 years after hospitalization. However, this improvement in functional capacity does not seem to be reflected in muscle strength or QoL, requiring continued monitoring even after 3 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 4","pages":"Pages 271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000261/pdfft?md5=15b7a8aa1da89ba682bc9f185d325aff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different work-to-rest ratios of high-intensity interval training on physical performance and physiological responses in male college judo athletes","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Xie ,&nbsp;Hongshen Ji ,&nbsp;Lunxin Chen ,&nbsp;Chong Gao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin He ,&nbsp;Min Lu ,&nbsp;Qun Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Duanying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X2400025X/pdfft?md5=471b287f533d30b16197961ba4cd9ba4&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X2400025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140309498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the world of active play: A comprehensive review of global surveillance and monitoring of active play based on the global matrix data","authors":"Eun-Young Lee ,&nbsp;An-Chi Shih ,&nbsp;Mark S. Tremblay","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A valid assessment tool that measures active play is not yet available due to the sporadic and spontaneous nature of play, as well as the potential differences in how active play is understood and measured across different age groups, cultures, and contexts. The purpose of this review was to identify the scope and gaps in the measurement of active play based on data gathered from 68 countries that participated in the Global Matrix (GM) initiative, led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). GM is the global-level, biennial evaluation system of physical activity related behaviors among children and youth, including the Active Play indicator, and the sources of influence using letter grades (ranging between “A” and “F”). Based on the identified scope and gaps, this study offers recommendations for future research dedicated to the measurement/surveillance of active play. Out of the 68 countries involved in the previous GM (2014–22), 55% of the grades remained unassigned due to insufficient data on the Active Play indicator. The high number of unassigned grades, combined with the absence of valid measurement tool, highlight a need for a standardized measurement tool for improved global data generation of active play among children and youth. Our findings emphasize the need to address challenges in measuring active play. This review offers future considerations, research recommendations specific to the GM initiative, and two sets of age- and location-specific (indoor and outdoor settings) questionnaire items along with guidelines for its use. Together, these elements provide a roadmap for guiding future research and evaluation efforts on active play.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 254-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000248/pdfft?md5=2794c496f07d3347bf270c2c11ed5991&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between levels of physical literacy and adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among university students: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Y. Liu ,&nbsp;S.X. Liu ,&nbsp;R.K.W. Sum ,&nbsp;M.J. Duncan ,&nbsp;Y.D. Gu ,&nbsp;M.H. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviours within a 24-h period is associated with multiple health benefits across the lifespan. A concept that emphasises an individual's active lifestyle is physical literacy (PL), yet empirical research exploring the potential associations between PL and 24-h movement guidelines remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between levels of PL and adherence to the guidelines among Chinese university students.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven hundred and ninety-eight university students (390 male, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) completed all the measurements. Levels of PL and participants’ adherence to guidelines including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were self-reported through Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the associations between the number of guidelines met (0, 1, 2, or 3) and levels of PL.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results demonstrate that 36.5% (n = 291) of the participants met all the three guidelines, while 4.1% (n = 33) met none. Further analysis indicated that meeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour guidelines was associated with significantly higher total PL scores, and scores in the sub-domains of Confidence and Physical Competence and Motivation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings provide evidence that young adults who obtained higher PL scores may meet more guidelines during a 24-h period. Future studies should incorporate accelerometer-based physical activity measurements and investigate the causal relationship between PL and adherence to the movement guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000224/pdfft?md5=192df6c57871afb492c2450fef4e1c46&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Yi Jin Bang versus conventional exercise therapy in people with subacromial pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Jinde Liu,&nbsp;Stanley Sai-chuen Hui,&nbsp;Yijian Yang,&nbsp;Cindy Hui-ping Sit","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Previous studies have indicated that mind-body exercises can reduce pain and improve function for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Yi Jin Bang is a novel home-based Chinese mind-body Qigong exercise for shoulder pain. However, few studies have evaluated its effects on subacromial pain syndrome. This study aimed to compare the effects of Yi Jin Bang with conventional exercises for subacromial pain syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adults with subacromial pain syndrome (N = 105; mean [SD] age, 37 [16] years; 73 females [70%]; median [IQR] duration of symptoms, 12 [6–24] months) were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 53) or the control group (n = 52). The experimental group performed home-based Yi Jin Bang exercises, whereas the control group performed home-based conventional exercises (stretching, strengthening, and motor control exercises). Both interventions were performed four times a week for 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included current shoulder pain intensity, active shoulder range of motion, back scratch test, isometric shoulder strength, and health-related quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. The primary endpoint was week 16.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant between-group difference was observed in the SPADI score at week 16 (mean difference, Yi Jin Bang minus conventional exercise, 0.14, 95% confidence interval −2.96 to 3.24; <em>p</em> = 0.93).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There were no differences between Yi Jin Bang and conventional exercises in improving pain, disability, shoulder mobility, shoulder strength, and quality of life for people with subacromial pain syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000236/pdfft?md5=5b15ead0aef33753e5a4c1f83f4771f8&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One minute of stair climbing and descending reduces postprandial insulin and glucose with 3-min improving insulin resistance following a mixed meal in young adults: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"Jeff M. Moore ,&nbsp;Hannah Salmons ,&nbsp;Cameron Vinoskey ,&nbsp;Shirin Hooshmand ,&nbsp;Jochen Kressler","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Glycemic markers, including postprandial glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Stair-climbing and -descending (SCD) at a comfortable pace for 3 minutes after a sugary beverage (300 kilocalories; 100% carbohydrate) lowers insulin, with insulin sensitivity improving in 10 minutes. If similar benefits are seen following consumption of a mixed meal is unknown. We hypothesize SCD will improve these markers in a dose-response manner following a mixed meal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, young adults (N = 31) performed SCD for 0 (seated control), 1, 3, and 10 minutes after a mixed meal (650 kilocalories; 53% carbohydrates, 33% fat, and 14% protein). Differences in glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (ISI) from baseline to 30 min were analyzed using a mixed-effects ANOVA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant fixed-effect was found for change in glucose [F(2.551,67.17) = 4.724,p = 0.007)], insulin [F(2.692,74.49) = 11.28,p &lt; 0.001)], and ISI [F(2.127,56.00) = 5.848,p = 0.004)]. Compared to the seated control (0 minutes), changes in glucose were lower after 1 minute (−14.0 (−7.2)mg/dL,p &lt; 0.001), 3 minutes (−18.4 (−7.0)mg/dL,p = 0.0007), and 10 minutes (−10.0 (−8.1)mg/dL,p = 0.039); changes in insulin were lower after 1 minute (−1.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.0011), 3 minutes (−2.8 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p &lt; 0.001), and 10 minutes (−1.1 (−0.9)μIU/mL,p = 0.033); and changes in ISI were significantly higher after 3 minutes (2.4 (1.5),p &lt; 0.001) and 10 minutes (1.3 (1.6),p = 0.014) but not 1 minute (1.2 (1.5),p = 0.059).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Postprandial glucose and insulin improved with 1 minute, and insulin resistance improved with 3 minutes, of SCD at a self-selected, comfortable pace, after consumption of a mixed meal in apparently healthy young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Protocol</h3><p>Trial registration: <span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg> Identifier: NCT04232475.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000200/pdfft?md5=862dbf72c8a41d672ed629418a13a215&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return to play of young and adult professional athletes after COVID-19: A scoping review","authors":"Nicola Ceglie,&nbsp;Annamaria Petito,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cibelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The literature is selected using the search engines of: <em>PubMed®</em>, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020–2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000212/pdfft?md5=0aca97d0a8c7f6fd158fbf3b76e8d2b7&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical fitness levels and trends of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ming Yu Claudia Wong ,&nbsp;Kai-ling Ou ,&nbsp;Wing Sum Wong ,&nbsp;Sze Sze Hon ,&nbsp;Pak Kwong Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>The study aimed to examine the physical fitness and activity levels of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 2052 kindergarteners (48% girls; 32.9% Grade 1, 34% Grade 2, and 33.1% Grade 3) were recruited from July 2020 to November 2021. Participants completed the physical fitness tests, including body composition, flexibility, lower-limb muscle strength, upper-limb muscle strength, lower-limb muscle endurance, and agility. Children's physical activity and overall well-being were examined using parental proxy reports. Parents also reported their physical activity and parental support to children's physical activity engagement, as well as their perception of children's kindergarten physical activity environment. Fitness differences by age and gender were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA measuring effect size with partial eta-squared. Additionally, correlations assessed the relationship between children's fitness and parents' proxy reports.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the physical fitness tests were higher than those in previous studies conducted by the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong in 2015–2018. Gender-based differences were observed in most tests for children aged 4 years and older, with boys showing higher scores in the standing long jump, shot put, and balance tests, while girls had higher scores in the sit-and-reach test. Parents' proxy questionnaire answers indicated that children's continuous jump test performances were significantly related to their frequency of physical activity per week (r = 0.19, p &lt; 0.001), and that children's health was significantly and positively correlated with their fitness level (r = 0.179, p &lt; 0.009). Inadequate school physical activity was associated with poor upper-limb strength (r = 0.078, p &lt; 0.005). Moreover, a high level of parental support for their children's participation in physical activity was correlated with a high level of parental participation in vigorous-intensity physical activities (r = 0.167, p &lt; 0.005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The physical fitness of children in Hong Kong was less affected by the epidemic. Parents' healthy behaviors and support were related to children's participation in PA. Efforts to improve children's physical fitness and motor development should include parent education and physical activity involvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000194/pdfft?md5=dafb82feb67eb338ade0e95f530fe9b9&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24-H movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis","authors":"Huiqi Song ,&nbsp;Patrick W.C. Lau ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Song ,&nbsp;Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3–6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.20), flexibility (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.07), muscular strength (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.37), muscular endurance (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.26), and speed-agility (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000182/pdfft?md5=f4c9556613e657f64e236798bd1acdff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}