Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Accommodating resistance is more effective than free weight resistance to induce post-activation performance enhancement in squat jump performance after a short rest interval","authors":"Sebastian Masel,&nbsp;Marcin Maciejczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Prior work regarding post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) has shown that various resistance training methods and conditioning activities may induce a PAPE effect such as free weight resistance, accommodating resistance or isoinertial resistance. However, the accommodating resistance and other types of resistance have rarely been directly compared. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different conditioning activities (CA) - a trap bar deadlift with (FW + AR condition) or without (FW condition) accommodating resistance - on subsequent squat jump (SJ) performance after a short rest interval of 90s.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study had a cross-over design and fifteen strength trained males (mean age: 22.9 ± 2.1 years; mean relative strength level 2.01 ± 0.27 kg/body mass) participated in one familiarization, two experimental and one control session (CNTR condition). Two CAs were implemented throughout the study - a single set of 3 repetitions of a trap bar deadlift at 80 % of 1RM using solely free weight resistance or with the addition of approximately 15 % of 1RM elastic band tension. The SJ measurements were performed at the baseline and 90s after CAs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The FW + AR condition significantly improved subsequent SJ performance (p &lt; 0.05, effect size 0.34) whereas the FW and CNTR conditions were found to be ineffective to acutely enhance performance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that the addition of accommodating resistance is superior to free weight resistance in order to acutely improve jump performance after a 90s rest interval. To observe the performance enhancement effect with solely free weight resistance it should be considered to introduce alteration in loading strategies or possibly lengthening the rest interval.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000631/pdfft?md5=08453b1c73ad5e6fbc52a3484f41d1eb&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000631-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effect of exercise intensity on circulating FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF in young men","authors":"Minje Ji ,&nbsp;Chaeeun Cho ,&nbsp;Sewon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Exercise intensity is potentially an important regulator of various exerkines secretion, but the optimal exercise intensity to increase and sustain exerkines levels, including FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF in humans, has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine the circulating levels of FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF according to the exercise intensity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nine young men (24.0 ± 0.4 years old) performed 4 different experimental sessions at 1-week intervals: 1) a control session (CTRL; no exercise); 2) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE, 55% HRR); 3) vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE, 85% HRR); and 4) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 4 repetitions of a 30-s of “all out” cycling workout followed by a 4-min recovery). Blood samples were collected at 4 different time points (pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise, and 90 min post-exercise).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Serum FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF were higher in HIIE than in CTRL immediately post-exercise, and FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF were higher in HIIE than in MICE immediately post-exercise (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The AUC for FGF-21, FSTL-1, and BDNF was higher in HIIE than in CTRL, and the AUC for FGF-21 and BDNF was higher in HIIE than in MICE (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the change in blood lactate was positively correlated with the changes in all exerkines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that acute HIIE effectively increases serum FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF compared to MICE. Therefore, the secretion of exerkines, including FGF-21, FSTL-1, cathepsin B, and BDNF may be exercise intensity-dependent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X2300062X/pdfft?md5=cd558978c7b4c0768b06124b8522657b&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X2300062X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of exercise intensity on butyrylcholinesterase and ghrelin in young men: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Yibin Li ,&nbsp;Yusei Tataka ,&nbsp;Miki Sakazaki ,&nbsp;Kayoko Kamemoto ,&nbsp;Chihiro Nagayama ,&nbsp;Yoshie Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Yamada ,&nbsp;Masashi Miyashita","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a liver-derived enzyme that hydrolyzes acylated ghrelin to des-acylated ghrelin, may trigger a potential mechanism responsible for the acute exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. However, studies examining the effects of an acute bout of high-intensity exercise on BChE and acylated ghrelin have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of exercise intensity on BChE, acylated ghrelin and des-acylated ghrelin concentrations in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifteen young men (aged 22.7 ± 1.8 years, mean ± standard deviation) completed three, half-day laboratory-based trials (<em>i.e.</em>, high-intensity exercise, low-intensity exercise and control), in a random order. In the exercise trials, the participants ran for 60 min (from 09:30 to 10:30) at a speed eliciting 70 % (high-intensity) or 40 % (low-intensity) of their maximum oxygen uptake and then rested for 90 min. In the control trial, participants sat on a chair for the entire trial (from 09:30 to 12:00). Venous blood samples were collected at 09:30, 10:00, 10:30, 11:00, 11:30 and 12:00.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BChE concentration was not altered over time among the three trials. Total acylated and des-acylated ghrelin area under the curve during the first 60 min (<em>i.e.</em>, from 0 min to 60 min) of the main trial were lower in the high-intensity exercise trial than in the control (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 62.6 pg/mL, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 31.4 pg/mL, <em>p</em> = 0.035) and the low-intensity exercise trial (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 87.7 pg/mL, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 43.0 pg/mL, <em>p</em> = 0.042).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that BChE may not be involved in the modulation of ghrelin even though lowered acylated ghrelin concentration was observed after high-intensity exercise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000618/pdfft?md5=6b47a194c647a0799a01156104a29ebf&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138448069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A regional Report Card on physical activity in children and adolescents: The case of Extremadura (Spain) in the Global Matrix 4.0","authors":"María Mendoza-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Antonio Castillo-Paredes ,&nbsp;Laura Muñoz-Bermejo ,&nbsp;Jorge Pérez-Gómez ,&nbsp;José C. Adsuar ,&nbsp;Javier Brazo-Sayavera ,&nbsp;Raquel Pastor-Cisneros","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>This study presents the first Report Card from Extremadura (Spain), concerning the 4th edition of Global Matrix (GM), which aimed to provide an assessment of Physical Activity (PA) in children and adolescents based on 10 common indicators defined by GM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This Report Card was developed by 34 experts from 8 public institutions and 5 research groups from Extremadura and audited by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). All documents, up to July 2021, were analyzed to grade the 10 indicators according to the benchmarks set out by the AHKGA (scale ranging from A to F).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Information was reported in 8 of the 10 indicators, only <em>Active Play</em> and <em>Active Transportation</em> were not reported due to a lack of local information. The other 8 indicators were graded as follows: <em>Overall Physical Activity</em>: F; <em>Organized Sport and Physical Activity</em>: D+, <em>Sedentary Behavior</em>: D, <em>Physical Fitness</em>: C+, <em>Family and Peers</em>: A, <em>School</em>: C+, <em>Community and Environment</em>: B, and <em>Government</em>: C-. In addition, some of the indicators were evaluated according to gender; boys scored higher than girls in <em>Overall Physical Activity</em> (D-vs. F); <em>Organized Sport and Physical Activity</em> (C vs. D) and <em>Physical Fitness</em> (C- vs. D+).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The first Report Card from Extremadura in the GM initiative revealed low compliance with international guidelines on PA and sedentary behavior. Despite high grades for sources of influence, the implemented actions have not been effective yet, and there is no information on <em>Active Play</em> and <em>Active Transportation</em>. These results will allow regional authorities to act at a more local level, as Extremadura's administrative framework allows public administrations and political institutions to act in terms of legislative and budgetary powers among others, which is important for resource allocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000539/pdfft?md5=45ba99f427a4522d9d917c71a6770b0d&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91985661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between physical literacy and quality of life among university students: The role of motivation as a mediator","authors":"Fong-Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Siu Ming Choi ,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>The literature has discussed the potential for nurturing, integrating, and optimizing physical literacy to thereby enhance quality of life. Progression could be made through the disposition of acquiring movements and engaging in physical activity, but data supporting such an argument remains limited. This cross-sectional study attempted to empirically investigate these two variables by assessing the levels of motivation and satisfaction among university students in Taiwan. The hypothesis posited a positive correlation between physical literacy and quality of life, with the mediating effects of motivation and satisfaction taken into consideration.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>By applying the time segregation method, participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the first semester during the 2021 – 2022 academic year. The initial phase involved gathering demographic information and assessing the perceived physical literacy score. The scores for motivation, satisfaction, and quality of life were measured in the subsequent phase. SmartPLS version 3.3 was used to conduct data analysis. After ratifying the model's goodness-of-fit, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses in the research model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 388 students (male <em>n</em> = 320, female <em>n</em> = 68; mean age: 18.5 years) participated in this study. Moderate explanatory power was found in the relationships of perceived physical literacy to physical education satisfaction (<em>β</em> _{PPLI → PES} = 0.137, <em>t</em> = 6.439, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.642) and motivation (<em>β</em> _{PPLIA → SIMS} = 0.511, <em>t</em> = 32.701, <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.607). Results then indicated that motivation is the mediator of the relationship between physical literacy and physical education satisfaction (<em>β</em> _{PPLI → SIMS → PES} = 0.373, <em>t</em> = 4.015). Furthermore, this satisfaction mediated the relationship between physical literacy and quality of life (<em>β</em> _{PPLI → PES → QoLS} = 0.070, <em>t</em> = 4.47).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study connected theoretical knowledge regarding physical literacy with practice, suggesting that ongoing physical education may nurture the habit of lifelong participation in physical activity, thus further improving quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000503/pdfft?md5=14b8bd416cbcda26da0877334509ad41&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000503-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134673486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An acute exercise at low to moderate intensity attenuated postprandial lipemia and insulin responses","authors":"Lisa L. Ji ,&nbsp;Vicki S. Fretwell ,&nbsp;Abel Escamilla ,&nbsp;Wanxiang Yao ,&nbsp;Tianou Zhang ,&nbsp;Meizi He ,&nbsp;John Q. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on postprandial lipemia (PHTG) and insulin resistance in healthy individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 10 adult males with normal fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations (age = 34 ± 2.8 y, body mass = 72.9 ± 2.4 kg, fasting plasma TG = 1.36 ± 0.18 mmol/l, VO_2max = 43.7 ± 3.0 ml/kg/min, fasting glucose = 5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l and fasting Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR) = 1.7 ± 0.3). In this study, each participant performed a control trial (Ctr, no exercise), and 3 exercise trials at 40 % (40%T), 60 % (60%T), and 70 % (70%T) of their VO_2max. In the exercise trials, participant jogged on a treadmill for 1 h at a designated intensity. A fat-rich meal was consumed by each participant 12 h after exercise. Blood samples were taken at 0 h (before the meal), and 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 24 h after the meal. The plasma TG, area score under TG concentration curve over an 8 h-period (TG tAUC) after the meal, and HOMA2-IR were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed that at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the meal, TG in all exercise trials were lower than Ctr (p &lt; 0.05) but did not differ from each other. All the exercise trials were lower in TG tAUC scores than Ctr (p &lt; 0.02), but differences were not observed among the exercise trials. In comparison to Ctr, a significant difference in HOMA2-IR in both 60 % T and 70 % T (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively) was observed, but not in 40 % T.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest that exercising at low to moderate exercise intensity for 1 h sufficiently attenuates a fat meal induced PHTG. Moderate exercise intensity also effectively mitigates insulin resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000540/pdfft?md5=086df601dfd31acfabf12895a6e187cf&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92042303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of parent-based electronic health (eHealth) intervention on physical activity, dietary behaviors, and sleep in preschoolers: A systematic review","authors":"Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Yin Li ,&nbsp;Patrick WC. Lau ,&nbsp;Liang Yan ,&nbsp;Huiqi Song ,&nbsp;Tony Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lifestyles of preschoolers have become physically inactive and sedentary, their eating habits unhealthy, and their sleep routines increasingly disturbed. Parental involvement appears crucial to combat the unhealthy lifestyle of preschoolers. Because of the recognized barriers to traditional face-to-face interventions, easy access and lower costs make electronic health (eHealth) interventions appealing. However, whether parent-based eHealth intervention may be harnessed to improve the aforementioned lifestyle behaviors of preschoolers is currently unclear, a gap that this systematic review intends to address. This study aims to systematically review the current literature concerning the effectiveness of parent-based eHealth intervention on the physical activity, dietary behaviors, and sleep of preschoolers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This systematic review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Six databases (EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO) were retrieved for the period from January 2000 to December 2022. Studies were eligible if 1 they were quantitative study design; 2 eHealth interventions in which parents were the change agents targeted children aged 3–6 years; 3 interventions examined the effectiveness of eHealth or incorporated eHealth as one of the intervention modalities; 4 at least one variable included in either primary or secondary outcome had to concentrate on the physical activity, diet, and sleep of preschoolers; 5 publication type was limited to the English language and peer-reviewed journal articles; 6 study settings were confined to family- or parent-based ones. The risk of bias was assessed, based upon Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-tool for randomized trials (RoB2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Twelve studies were screened. No significant group-by-time improvement in physical activity was found in studies related to physical activity outcomes. Two studies reported a significant difference between groups concerning motor ability, with one study indicating improved object control with the other reporting improvement in both object control and locomotor skills. Of the studies related to dietary behavior outcomes, six studies reported a significant difference at the posttest compared to the control group, in terms of vegetable and fruit intake, sugar-sweetened drinks, reduced candy consumption, and improved non-core food. Three studies reported a significant difference between groups in sleep duration at the end of the posttest, with the result of one study limited to preference-only participants. None of the reviewed studies found a significant difference between groups for sleep problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parent-based eHealth interventions were not significantly effective in improving physical activity and reducing sleep problems in preschoolers, but the majority of studies have fo","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000527/pdfft?md5=fccd588206f2a88b9478a2f7ba370f39&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92052055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network analysis involving mental difficulties, cognition, physical fitness, 24-hour movement components, fatness, and sociodemographic factors in children","authors":"Camila Felin Fochesatto ,&nbsp;Carlos Cristi-Montero ,&nbsp;Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira ,&nbsp;Caroline Brand ,&nbsp;Arieli F. Dias ,&nbsp;Denise R. Bandeira ,&nbsp;Jorge Mota ,&nbsp;Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya ,&nbsp;Anelise Reis Gaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evidence supports the beneficial linear influence of diverse lifestyle behaviors on brain health since childhood; however, multiple behaviors -and not only one-simultaneously affect such outcomes. Therefore, the aim was to explore the multivariate relationship through a network analysis among mental difficulty and cognitive function with physical fitness (PF), 24-h movement components, fatness, and sociodemographic factors in children<strong>.</strong></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional study involved 226 children (52.2 % boys) aged between six and 11 years. Mental difficulties were evaluated through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and cognitive function by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test. The body mass index and PF were assessed according to the procedures suggested by the Proesp-Br, while moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometry. The socioeconomic level, sleep, and screen time were evaluated by questionnaires. A network analysis was carried out to evaluate the associations among variables and establish centrality measures.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Age and PF moderated the negative relationship between cognitive function and MVPA. Furthermore, the direct and inverse relationship between cognitive function and mental difficulties appears to be affected by the 24-h movement components. Finally, age, PF, and screen time are the nodes with higher values of expected influence, indicating more sensitivity to interventions for decreasing mental difficulty and improving cognitive function.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mental health and cognitive function were moderated by the multivariate interaction among age, PF, and the three 24-h movement components. Nonetheless, centrality measures from the network analysis suggest that PF, MVPA, and screen time are crucial nodes in order to implement future interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 416-423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000497/pdfft?md5=e3ac98035afc68c2694dd3ad3006ffff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X23000497-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92006245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-versus high-volume high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and quality of life in obese women with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad ,&nbsp;Asmaa Mohamed Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Zahra Hassan Serry ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mady Mohamed ,&nbsp;Heba Ali Abd Elghaffar","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Comparison between different training volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is understudied in type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to compare the effects of low- and high-volume HIIT on glycemic control, blood lipids, blood pressure, anthropometric adiposity measures, cardiorespiratory fitness, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with type 2 diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-two obese women with type 2 diabetes aged 36–55 were randomly assigned to a low-volume HIIT group (i.e., 2 × 4-min high-intensity treadmill exercise at 85%–90% of peak heart rate, with a 3-min active recovery interval in between), a high-volume HIIT group (i.e., 4 × 4-min high-intensity treadmill exercise at 85%–90% of peak heart rate, with three 3-min active recovery intervals in between), and a non-exercising control group. Patients in HIIT groups exercised three days a week for 12 weeks. All patients received oral hypoglycemic medications with no calorie restrictions. The outcome measures were glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2-hr PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, time to maximal exhaustion determined from a maximal treadmill exercise test (i.e., a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness), and HRQoL assessed by the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The low- and high-volume HIIT groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures compared to the baseline and the non-exercising group (P &lt; 0.05), except for DBP in the low-volume HIIT group (p &gt; 0.05). Also, both low- and high-volume HIIT groups showed similar improvements in TC, HDL, SBP, DBP, BMI, WC, waist-to-hip ratio, and the SF-12 scores, with no significant between-groups difference (p &gt; 0.05). The high-volume HIIT group, however, showed more significant improvements in HbA1c, FBG, 2-hr PPBG, TG, LDL, and treadmill time to maximal exhaustion than the low-volume HIIT group (p &lt; 0.05). The non-exercising group showed non-significant changes in all outcome measures (p &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Low-volume HIIT could be equally effective as high-volume HIIT for improving TC, HDL, blood pressure, anthropometric adiposity measures, and HRQoL in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, high-volume HIIT could have a greater impact on glycemic control, TG, LDL, and cardiorespiratory fitness in these patients.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg>, NCT05110404.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 395-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89718554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of various hypoxic training paradigms on maximal oxygen consumption: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Qian Yu ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Kong ,&nbsp;Liye Zou ,&nbsp;Robert Chapman ,&nbsp;Qingde Shi ,&nbsp;Jinlei Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Enhancement in maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) induced by hypoxic training is important for both athletes and non-athletes. However, the lack of comparison of multiple paradigms and the exploration of related modulating factors leads to the inability to recommend the optimal regimen in different situations. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of seven common hypoxic training paradigms on VO_2max and associated moderators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Electronic (i.e., five databases) and manual searches were performed, and 42 studies involving 1246 healthy adults were included. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted to compare different hypoxic training paradigms and hypoxic training and control conditions. The Bayesian network meta-analysis model was applied to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) of pre–post VO_2max alteration among hypoxic training paradigms in overall, athlete, and non-athlete populations, while meta-regression analyses were employed to explore the relationships between covariates and SMDs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All seven hypoxic training paradigms were effective to varying degrees, with SMDs ranging from 1.45 to 7.10. Intermittent hypoxia interval training (IHIT) had the highest probability of being the most efficient hypoxic training paradigm in the overall population and athlete subgroup (42%, 44%), whereas intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) was the most promising hypoxic training paradigm among non-athletes (66%). Meta-regression analysis revealed that saturation hours (coefficient, 0.004; <em>P</em> = 0.038; 95% CI [0.0002, 0.0085]) accounted for variations of VO_2max improvement induced by IHT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Efficient hypoxic training paradigms for VO_2max gains differed between athletes and non-athletes, with IHIT ranking best for athletes and IHT for non-athletes. The practicability of saturation hours is confirmed with respect to dose–response issues in the future hypoxic training and associated scientific research.</p></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><p>This study was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022333548).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 366-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/a3/main.PMC10580050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}