Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness最新文献

{"title":"Return to play of young and adult professional athletes after COVID-19: A scoping review","authors":"Nicola Ceglie,&nbsp;Annamaria Petito,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cibelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><p>Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The literature is selected using the search engines of: <em>PubMed®</em>, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020–2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000212/pdfft?md5=0aca97d0a8c7f6fd158fbf3b76e8d2b7&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical fitness levels and trends of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ming Yu Claudia Wong ,&nbsp;Kai-ling Ou ,&nbsp;Wing Sum Wong ,&nbsp;Sze Sze Hon ,&nbsp;Pak Kwong Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>The study aimed to examine the physical fitness and activity levels of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 2052 kindergarteners (48% girls; 32.9% Grade 1, 34% Grade 2, and 33.1% Grade 3) were recruited from July 2020 to November 2021. Participants completed the physical fitness tests, including body composition, flexibility, lower-limb muscle strength, upper-limb muscle strength, lower-limb muscle endurance, and agility. Children's physical activity and overall well-being were examined using parental proxy reports. Parents also reported their physical activity and parental support to children's physical activity engagement, as well as their perception of children's kindergarten physical activity environment. Fitness differences by age and gender were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA measuring effect size with partial eta-squared. Additionally, correlations assessed the relationship between children's fitness and parents' proxy reports.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the physical fitness tests were higher than those in previous studies conducted by the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong in 2015–2018. Gender-based differences were observed in most tests for children aged 4 years and older, with boys showing higher scores in the standing long jump, shot put, and balance tests, while girls had higher scores in the sit-and-reach test. Parents' proxy questionnaire answers indicated that children's continuous jump test performances were significantly related to their frequency of physical activity per week (r = 0.19, p &lt; 0.001), and that children's health was significantly and positively correlated with their fitness level (r = 0.179, p &lt; 0.009). Inadequate school physical activity was associated with poor upper-limb strength (r = 0.078, p &lt; 0.005). Moreover, a high level of parental support for their children's participation in physical activity was correlated with a high level of parental participation in vigorous-intensity physical activities (r = 0.167, p &lt; 0.005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The physical fitness of children in Hong Kong was less affected by the epidemic. Parents' healthy behaviors and support were related to children's participation in PA. Efforts to improve children's physical fitness and motor development should include parent education and physical activity involvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000194/pdfft?md5=dafb82feb67eb338ade0e95f530fe9b9&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24-H movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional and isotemporal reallocation analysis","authors":"Huiqi Song ,&nbsp;Patrick W.C. Lau ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Song ,&nbsp;Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Objectives</h3><p>This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3–6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively. The compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and PF, and the compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was used for the time reallocation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The daily composition, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was significantly associated with CRF (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.20), flexibility (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.07), muscular strength (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.37), muscular endurance (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.26), and speed-agility (p &lt; 0.001, r² = 0.26). The addition of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at the expense of SB and sleep, MVPA at the cost of sleep, was associated with significant muscular strength and speed-agility improvements respectively. The impact of SB and sleep replacing MVPA is stronger than MVPA replacing SB and sleep on muscular strength.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings offer useful insight for the replacement of movement behaviors within the recommended range to facilitate PF development in early childhood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000182/pdfft?md5=f4c9556613e657f64e236798bd1acdff&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study protocol for a comparative randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi and conventional exercise training on alleviating depression in older insomniacs","authors":"Francesco Recchia ,&nbsp;Angus P. Yu ,&nbsp;Teryn C. Ng ,&nbsp;Daniel Y. Fong ,&nbsp;Derwin K.C. Chan ,&nbsp;Calvin P. Cheng ,&nbsp;Stanley S.C. Hui ,&nbsp;Chenchen Wang ,&nbsp;Parco M. Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Insomnia and depression are prevalent mental disorders that are often comorbid among older adults. Lifestyle intervention strategies incorporating Tai Chi or conventional exercise have been shown to alleviate symptoms of insomnia and depression. However, the comparative efficacy of these exercise modalities in individuals with both disorders has yet to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms, when compared to a health education control.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is a prospective, assessor-blinded, three-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Older adults aged ≥60 years with a diagnosis of chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms will be randomly assigned to a Tai Chi, conventional exercise or health education control condition on a 1:1:1 basis. Interventions will last for 3 months, with a 6-month follow-up period. The primary outcome is depressive symptoms, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes include subjective sleep quality, 7-day actigraphy, 7-day sleep diary, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, medication usage and physical function. All measurements will be conducted at baseline, 3 months and 9 months by outcome assessors who are blinded to group allocation.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This study will compare the efficacy of Tai Chi and conventional exercise in improving depression outcomes in older adults with chronic insomnia and depressive symptoms. Our results will shed light on the clinical potential of these interventions for combating insomnia and depression in older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000170/pdfft?md5=a90a4aa284fdbb4bda01efc8118adc95&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Region of Murcia’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth","authors":"José Francisco López-Gil ,&nbsp;Pilar Sainz de Baranda ,&nbsp;Noelia González-Gálvez ,&nbsp;Eduardo Segarra-Vicens ,&nbsp;Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Antonio Avellaneda ,&nbsp;María Alegría Avilés-Martínez ,&nbsp;Sergio López Barrancos ,&nbsp;Miguel Díaz Delgado ,&nbsp;Desirée Victoria-Montesinos ,&nbsp;Fernando Ureña Villanueva ,&nbsp;Pedro Emilio Alcaraz","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport &amp; Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family &amp; Peers, School, Community &amp; Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport &amp; Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D−). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X2400011X/pdfft?md5=d5fa5ccf05c084eae2018bc10fe18b6a&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X2400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of low resistance respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and high intensity exercise performance","authors":"Hajed M. Al-Otaibi ,&nbsp;Francesco Sartor ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Kubis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objectives</h3><p>Respiratory muscle training (RMT) was recognized as an effective means to improve respiratory muscle (RM) strength and enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity RMT on RM strength, pulmonary function, and performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen healthy active adults were assigned randomly to either a training or placebo group. The training group completed six weeks of RMT, which consisted of a first week, 1 set of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk at 10–25% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and the remaining 5 weeks, 2 sets of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk, at 30% PImax. The placebo group followed the same protocol but with almost no additional ventilatory resistance. Measurement of RM strength and endurance, spirometry, and endurance exercise performance were obtained before and after the RMT program.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the training group, PImax (+14%) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax, +27%), forced vital capacity (FVC, +3.6%), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, +11%), and time to exhaustion (Tlim90%, +25%) increased significantly from baseline values (P &lt; 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. Also, no significant interaction in maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV12), minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory rate (RR) were detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These data suggest that low-intensity RMT is an effective tool to improve RM strength, pulmonary elastic properties and endurance exercise performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000169/pdfft?md5=f5ec06127e194fff4ba25f5f45fc6795&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tai Chi counteracts age-related somatosensation and postural control declines among older adults","authors":"Teng Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Jan M. Hondzinski ,&nbsp;Min Mao ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Qipeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effect of a 16-week Tai Chi practice on strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults of different age groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a quasi-experimental study. Thirteen participants aged 60–69 years (60–69yr), 11 aged 70–79 years (70–79yr), and 13 aged 80–89 years (80–89yr) completed 16 weeks of 24-form Tai Chi practice. Their ankle and hip peak torque, tactile sensation, ankle and knee kinesthesia, and the root mean square of the center of pressure (Cop-RMS) were measured before (week 0) and after (week 17) practice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>80–89yr showed less ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction peak torques (p = 0.003, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.001), and a greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.002) than 60–69yr and 70–79yr. Greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction torques (p = 0.011, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.045), improved arch and heel tactile sensation (p = 0.040, p = 0.009), and lower knee flexion/extension kinesthesia (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.044) were observed at week 17. The significant group*practice interaction for the fifth metatarsal head tactile sensation (p = 0.027), ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.004), and the CoP-RMS in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.047) only in 80–89yr revealed greater improvement at week 17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Tai Chi practice increased strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults. Tai Chi practice improved tactile, kinesthesia sensations, and static postural control among older adults over 80, who presented with worse strength and kinesthesia than their younger counterparts. Tai Chi practice offers a safe exercise option for those aged over 80 to encourage improvements in sensorimotor control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000133/pdfft?md5=3fd4578160ab5014cd3a5ec3f687d45a&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enhancement of explosive power contributes to the development of anaerobic capacity: A comparison of autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise and velocity-based resistance training","authors":"Zijing Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayong Chen ,&nbsp;Lunxin Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Duanying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Due to the character of the taekwondo, the adenosine triphosphate–phosphocreatine system provides the energy for each kick, the glycolytic system supports the repeated execution of kicks, and the aerobic system promotes recovery between these movements and the bout. Therefore, taekwondo athletes require high explosive power and anaerobic capacity in order to carry out sustained and powerful attacks. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of APRE and VBRT on lower-limb explosive power and anaerobic capacity in college taekwondo players.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 30 taekwondo players completed an 8-week training intervention with autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE; <em>n</em> = 15) and velocity-based resistance training (VBRT; <em>n</em> = 15). Testing included the one-repetition maximum squat, countermovement jump (CMJ), taekwondo anaerobic intermittent kick test (TAIKT), and 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(1) Intragroup comparisons revealed significant effects for one-repetition maximum squat, peak power of CMJ (CMJ_PP), relative peak power of CMJ (CMJ_RPP), and total number of TAIKT (TAIKT_TN) in both the APRE and VBRT groups. The VBRT group exhibited small effect sizes for time at peak power of WAnT (WAnT_PPT) and moderate effect sizes for peak power of WAnT (WAnT_PP), relative peak power of WAnT (WAnT_RPP), and fatigue index of TAIKT (TAIKT_FI), whereas the APRE group exhibited small effect sizes for TAIKT_FI. (2) Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant effects in any of the results. However, VBRT demonstrated a moderate advantage in WAnT_PP and WAnT_RPP, whereas APRE had a small advantage in CMJ_PP and CMJ_RPP.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that APRE improved explosive power (CMJ_PP and CMJ_RPP) more, whereas VBRT improved anaerobic power output (WAnT_PP and WAnT_RPP) more. Both methods were found to have similar effects in improving the anaerobic endurance (WAnT_PPT and TAIKT_TN) and fatigue index (power drop of WAnT and TAIKT_FI).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000145/pdfft?md5=d629af0b3219f4e9e3f0620fb7d2abb4&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000145-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term resistance training combined with cheese supplementation can optimize body parameters and intestinal microbiota in healthy adults","authors":"Yi-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Xue-Han Li ,&nbsp;Hao-Tian Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian-Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Li ,&nbsp;Yi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation have beneficial effects on the human body. However, it is unknown if RT's health-promoting benefits are enhanced by food-borne protein, such as cheese supplements. This study investigated at how the body composition, lipid profile, muscle strength and intestinal microbiota changed following four weeks of RT combined with cheese supplementation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-five male and untrained adults were divided into 4 groups [control group (CON), low-dose group (LG), medium-dose group (MG), and high-dose group (HG)] and underwent a 4-week RT (3 times/week) in combination with cheese supplementation. Participants received 108 g (LG), 216 g (MG), or 324 g (HG) of cheese on the day of RT, and each serving (108 g) of cheese contained 6.7 g of food-borne protein. The RT program was a whole-body program with movements such as chest presses, leg presses, seated rowing, knee extensions and triceps pushdown. The exercise consisted of 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions at 70%RM, with a 120-s break in between. Body parameters (body composition, lipid profile and muscle strength) were assessed at baseline and after the 4 weeks of the intervention. The feces sample was taken every weekend. A two-way (group × time) mixed-design ANOVA was used to examine the body parameters. Independent one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups in baseline characteristics and different values of each parameter.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HDL-C level was higher in MG than in LG. In comparison to LG, MG had lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, body fat mass and body fat percentage. However, there was no difference in muscle strength between in the four groups. The abundance of Actinobacteria was higher in LG and Erysipelotrichaceae was lower in MG and HG.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that cheese could be a readily available food-borne protein supplement to enhance the beneficial effects of RT on health. It may improve body composition and lipid profile by altering the proportion of intestinal microbiota. During the 4-week RT intervention, 13.4 g of foodborne protein in the form of cheese 3 times per week was the ideal dosage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000157/pdfft?md5=f5a1cfc66754b323d279697bc741cbf1&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerometer-measured sedentary volume and bouts during the segmented school day among Chinese school students","authors":"Zhen-wen Xie,&nbsp;Li-juan Wang,&nbsp;Huan Chen,&nbsp;Guo Liang,&nbsp;Xing-long Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study examined sedentary volume and bouts of Chinese primary and middle school students during different segments of a school day and determined whether gender and school level are associated with their sedentary volume and bouts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 472 students participated in this study. Accelerometers were used to measure the sedentary volume and sedentary bouts of different durations (i.e., 1–4 min, 5–9 min and ≥10 min) during all segments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The participants spent the majority of their time in sitting (61.7%) and sitting bouts of ≥10 min (37.3%). They spent higher percentages of time in sitting during regular classes (76.7%) and out-of-school time (54.5%), and lower during physical education (PE) classes (32.2%), lunch break (35.4%) and recess (38.0%). The highest proportions of time were in sedentary bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes (50.2%), out-of-school time (28.0%) and lunch break (18.8%), while the greatest percentages occurred in sitting bouts of 1–4 min during PE class (16.4%) and recess (18.6%). Girls and middle school students had higher percentages of sedentary volume than boys and primary school students during most segments. They spent greater proportions of time in sitting bouts of ≥10 min during regular classes, lunch break, and out-of-school time, and higher proportions in sedentary bouts of 1–4 min than boys and primary students during PE classes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Regular class and out-of-school time were identified as key segments for reducing sedentary volume and breaking up prolonged sitting. Interventions on interrupting prolonged sitting during lunch break should also be explored. Girls and middle school students should receive more attention in future interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X24000121/pdfft?md5=4e2b5415ccb715104a729875ac10bd3e&pid=1-s2.0-S1728869X24000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}