Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第5页

Standardized measurement of surface dry particle thickness for walkway slip resistance 人行道防滑用表面干颗粒厚度的标准化测量。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70087

Jonathan Lee-Confer PhD, Lila Wayman, David Collette MBA, BS

引用次数: 0

Toward a unified methodology for preliminary digital evidence assessment: Standardizing forensic investigations 初步数字证据评估的统一方法：标准化法医调查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70070

Arwa Juma AlBusaidi PhD, Laiha Binti Mat Kiah PhD, Ainuddin Wahid Bin Abdul Waha PhD

{"title":"Toward a unified methodology for preliminary digital evidence assessment: Standardizing forensic investigations","authors":"Arwa Juma AlBusaidi PhD, Laiha Binti Mat Kiah PhD, Ainuddin Wahid Bin Abdul Waha PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70070","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing reliance on forensic investigations on digital evidence raises concerns about reliability, standardization, and misinterpretation. Inconsistent forensic evaluations necessitate a structured approach for examining digital evidence's strength impacting judicial outcomes. This study aimed to propose a systematic preliminary digital evidence assessment methodology by integrating Bayesian reasoning to enhance evaluative interpretations. A phase-phase structured framework is introduced to guide forensic practitioners in assessing digital evidence through observation, hypothesis generation, and inference. The methodology utilizes the Certainty Scale (C-Scale) to improve consistency among forensic assessments, standardizing evaluative opinions. Additionally, developing a proof-of-concept database for digital evidence cases of manipulation is essential to support evidence strength determination in investigations. The results showed that this approach advances transparency and limits cognitive bias in forensic evaluations. Aligned with international forensic regulatory frameworks and standards like ISI-21043, the methodology proposed enhances forensic decision-making, particularly for investigators who lack digital forensic expertise. The current study contributed to forensic sciences by presenting a standardized method for examining digital evidence strength, catering to the gap between theoretical evaluation models and practical applications in forensics. To enhance transparency and provide a balanced perspective on the evidential value of observed digital evidence, it is crucial to standardize the approach that digital forensic practitioners take in formulating and articulating their preliminary evaluative opinions.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 4","pages":"1571-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simple and nondestructive method to access and process material on coverslipped slides 一种简单、无损的获取和处理覆片材料的方法。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70083

Natalia Pedraza, Michael A. Marciano PhD

{"title":"Simple and nondestructive method to access and process material on coverslipped slides","authors":"Natalia Pedraza, Michael A. Marciano PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70083","url":null,"abstract":"The highly limiting nature of forensic evidence can, many times, force investigators and scientists to access nonoptimal sources of evidence such as slides from sexual assault evidence collection kits or archival slides from autopsies or hospital visits. These slides may contain hair, cells, fibers, or other physical evidence that are trapped in coverslipping media and are difficult to access. Methods to remove coverslips and access this material have been historically undertaken; however, most involve the use of dangerous processes or solvents (e.g., xylene and liquid nitrogen) and may also compromise the sample. We have revisited this and developed a new, simple, nondestructive, and safe method that can be used in concert with the new, more sensitive technology that may be able to improve downstream analysis of slide-bound material. The removal method uses a humid environment to gradually separate the mounting media from the coverslip. The coverslip is then coated in a thin layer of clear nail polish, allowing the coverslip to be removed without cracking, providing access to the sample. The method was able to successfully remove 100% of the coverslips mounted using a variety of mounting media from slides of varying ages (6+ years).","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"2006-2009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Traumatic brain injury graphing: A case study of Charles Whitman 创伤性脑损伤制图：查尔斯·惠特曼的个案研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70071

K. A. Strube BSAST

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury graphing: A case study of Charles Whitman","authors":"K. A. Strube BSAST","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Research has identified violent behavior (i.e., assault, murder, and suicide) as a possible sequela of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and repeated mild TBI (rmTBI). However, misconceptions about consciousness and its ability to control an injured brain, the diverse spectrum of potential outcomes, and the role genetics/environmental factors can play make proving TBI's influence on inciting violent behavior by a perpetrator extremely difficult. Though the cause and execution may be complex, multifaceted, and vary in each individual, violent behavior is often preceded and accompanied by other emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and/or physical consequences. This research examines the benefits of graphing, using data interpreted from in-depth, color-coded reverse chronology, as a visualization tool for analyzing/displaying the potential impacts of TBI injuries and aggravators on violent outcomes, especially in complex situations. The case of Charles J. Whitman (herein referred to as CW) was used to demonstrate this method. Results revealed that sequelae clusters appeared shortly after suspected TBI injuries, sequelae changed and progressed over time, and numerous TBI aggravators were present at the time of the tragedy, including: an extended period of excessively high ambient temperatures, sleep deprivation (SD), drug use, blood loss, and emotional stressors. TBI graphing (utilizing reverse chronology) served as a valuable tool for observing the potential TBI sequelae progression prior to the violent event.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 4","pages":"1635-1644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1556-4029.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frame duplication forgery detection and localization based on QR decomposition and Minkowski distance 基于QR分解和闵可夫斯基距离的帧重伪造检测与定位。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70043

Khaled Loukhaoukha PhD

{"title":"Frame duplication forgery detection and localization based on QR decomposition and Minkowski distance","authors":"Khaled Loukhaoukha PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70043","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of multimedia editing tools has facilitated the creation of realistic video forgeries, jeopardizing the trust in video content. To address frame duplication forgery, a prevalent technique, this paper introduces a novel algorithm leveraging QR decomposition (orthogonal-triangular decomposition) and Minkowski distance. The algorithm extracts frame features using QR decomposition and compares them with a reference frame using Minkowski distance. Candidate duplicates are identified through random block matching. We evaluate the proposed method on standard datasets (TDTVD, LASIESTA, and IVY LAB) and a self-generated dataset. Our method achieves exceptional performance, attaining a perfect <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math>-score for video-level detection on both the TDTVD and our self-generated datasets. Notably, for frame-level detection, it achieves an average accuracy of 0.9943, precision of 0.9752, recall of 0.9858, and <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math>-score of 0.9803 across all datasets. Our analysis demonstrates the proposed method demonstrates promising performance in detecting multiply-duplicated frames and shows robustness against post-processing, potentially outperforming existing approaches.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 4","pages":"1359-1374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the Editor – Black-box studies do not reflect decisions and errors in casework 给编辑的信-黑箱研究不能反映个案工作中的决定和错误。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70077

Itiel Dror PhD

引用次数: 0

Fatal spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma in a patient on anticoagulant therapy 抗凝治疗致死性自发性脊髓硬膜下血肿1例。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70073

Shutaro Nagano MD, Yohsuke Makino MD, Heather S. Jarrell MD, Nobutaka Arai MD, Toshitaka Yoshii MD, Kana Unuma MD

{"title":"Fatal spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma in a patient on anticoagulant therapy","authors":"Shutaro Nagano MD, Yohsuke Makino MD, Heather S. Jarrell MD, Nobutaka Arai MD, Toshitaka Yoshii MD, Kana Unuma MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70073","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is characterized by sudden onset neck and/or back pain, dysuria, and extremity impairment. The use of anticoagulants is a significant risk factor for SSDH, indicating that early diagnosis is crucial. However, achieving a timely diagnosis can be difficult owing to the rarity of this condition. The first forensic autopsy of a patient who died as the result of a spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is presented. A woman in her 70s undergoing anticoagulant therapy was transported to the emergency room with headache, back pain, and lower limb paralysis. The patient was initially diagnosed with spondylolisthesis and subsequently went into cardiac arrest. Her autopsy revealed an SSDH extending from the first thoracic vertebra to the cauda equina, with no associated tumors or vascular abnormalities. A retrospective examination of the patient's imaging and clinical history indicated missed opportunities for early diagnosis. The patient's cause of death was determined to be neurogenic shock due to progressive spontaneous SSDH. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of SSDH, particularly in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy who are at an increased risk of spontaneous SSDH. Although some studies have suggested that conservative treatment may be effective for cases involving mild symptoms, surgical decompression is generally required for those with rapidly worsening symptoms. SSDH, therefore, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with back pain and neurological deficits, as delays in diagnosis and treatment can significantly affect patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"2072-2077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hidden pathology: An autopsy diagnosis of unsuspected juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus 隐藏的病理：未经怀疑的少年系统性红斑狼疮的尸检诊断。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70074

Deepu Mathew MD, Alagarasan Naveen MD, DNB, Indu Malayil Bindu MD, DNB, Kaniyappan Nambiar MD, Karpora Sundara Pandyen MBBS

{"title":"The hidden pathology: An autopsy diagnosis of unsuspected juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Deepu Mathew MD, Alagarasan Naveen MD, DNB, Indu Malayil Bindu MD, DNB, Kaniyappan Nambiar MD, Karpora Sundara Pandyen MBBS","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a severe autoimmune disorder that is rare but frequently manifests with multisystem involvement and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. We present the case of an 18-year-old female who was diagnosed with JSLE postmortem following sudden collapse and death. The patient was previously prescribed warfarin for benign intracranial hypertension and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, she had discontinued the medication months before her demise. She was never diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) despite her medical history. Postmortem examination revealed several findings characteristic of SLE, including Libman–Sacks endocarditis, immune complex-mediated proliferative glomerulonephritis, pericarditis, and pleuritis. The diagnosis was further substantiated by positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies satisfying the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria. This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenge of JSLE, particularly when it manifests with atypical symptoms, which may impede or obscure the diagnosis. The diagnosis was only determined postmortem following a comprehensive examination of the patient's organs and additional immunological tests. This report features the gross and microscopic features of JSLE with its typical postmortem findings. The case emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion and early intervention in suspected cases of juvenile lupus to prevent fatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"2084-2090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced digital image forensics: A hybrid framework for copy-move forgery detection in multimedia security 高级数字图像取证：多媒体安全中复制-移动伪造检测的混合框架。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70076

Arslan Akram PhD, Muhammad Arfan Jaffar PhD, Javed Rashid PhD, Khalid Mahmood PhD, Anwar Ghani PhD

{"title":"Advanced digital image forensics: A hybrid framework for copy-move forgery detection in multimedia security","authors":"Arslan Akram PhD, Muhammad Arfan Jaffar PhD, Javed Rashid PhD, Khalid Mahmood PhD, Anwar Ghani PhD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70076","url":null,"abstract":"Particularly in validating image integrity, advances in digital image analysis have profoundly affected forensic investigation. The growing reliance on digital image technology can be attributed in part to the broad availability of consistent and effective image-capturing technologies. The simplicity of changing image content thanks to advanced image-editing technologies presents fresh difficulties for forensic analysis. A structured hybrid framework is presented for finding important objects in images. It does this by using fast Fourier transformation (FFT) for frequency domain filtering, scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT), and oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) to pull out key points. The MobilenetV2 and VGG16 models extract features from key point areas to detect copy-move forgery. After that, an attention mechanism combines and normalizes these aspects. Key point matching uses the Euclidean distance; DBSCAN clustering groups pertinent key points for object localization. The suggested approach shows better performance than current methods and detects image copy-move forgery rather successfully. The framework's robustness is verified against image blurring, contrast alteration, color reduction, image compression, and brightness change among other post-processing techniques. Since photographs are altered, traditional approaches can struggle with a lot of variety; however, the proposed method combines advanced deep learning models and clustering techniques to make detection more accurate. Extensive testing on five benchmark copy-move forgeries datasets reveals that the suggested strategy may beat present techniques. This work offers a sophisticated automated approach to guarantee digital image integrity and identify image manipulation.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1801-1823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deaths in animal attacks: A 10-year retrospective forensic analysis of direct and indirect causes 动物袭击造成的死亡：直接和间接原因的10年回顾性法医分析。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70075

Yusuf Atan MD, Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin MD, Abdulkadir Can MD, Muhammed Fatih Yaman MD, İbrahim Üzün MD

{"title":"Deaths in animal attacks: A 10-year retrospective forensic analysis of direct and indirect causes","authors":"Yusuf Atan MD, Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin MD, Abdulkadir Can MD, Muhammed Fatih Yaman MD, İbrahim Üzün MD","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70075","url":null,"abstract":"Animal attacks are a serious public health concern, resulting in fatalities through both direct and indirect mechanisms. This study aimed to analyze demographic characteristics, circumstances, and preventive measures related to fatal animal attacks in Türkiye. A retrospective analysis of 123 fatal animal attacks was conducted using data from 64,666 forensic reports archived by the Council of Forensic Medicine (2014–2023). Victims were predominantly male (72.4%), incidents mostly occurred in rural areas (74.8%), and nearly half (49.6%) took place during summer months. Fatalities were categorized as direct-acute, direct-delayed, indirect-traumatic, and indirect-nontraumatic. Direct fatalities primarily occurred due to venomous animal bites or stings and traumatic injuries caused by mammals. Direct-delayed fatalities included conditions such as rabies, sepsis, and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. Indirect fatalities, occurring without animal contact, included traffic collisions (12.2%), cardiac events (7.3%), and falls (5.7%) triggered by animal encounters. The analysis revealed that direct fatalities occurred more frequently in rural areas, while indirect fatalities were predominantly observed in urban centers. In urban areas, indirect fatalities were linked to uncontrolled dog populations and irresponsible pet ownership, highlighting the importance of desexing programs and community education. Effective management in urban areas requires responsible pet ownership, community education, enhanced medical infrastructure, and traffic safety measures. In rural areas, securing livestock enclosures, venomous animal awareness, and improved emergency care access are essential. Comprehensive strategies integrating education, responsible animal management, improved infrastructure, and rapid medical responses are essential to prevent animal-related fatalities.","PeriodicalId":15743,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":"70 5","pages":"1918-1927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0