Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献_第7页

Effect of melatonin supplementation upon parental care and nestling growth in arctic-breeding songbirds 补充褪黑激素对北极繁殖鸣禽的父母照料和雏鸟成长的影响

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2863

Keelee Pullum, Brett Hodinka, Zoe Ward, Greta Morrissette, Melanie M. Richter, Kathleen E. Hunt, Noah T. Ashley

{"title":"Effect of melatonin supplementation upon parental care and nestling growth in arctic-breeding songbirds","authors":"Keelee Pullum, Brett Hodinka, Zoe Ward, Greta Morrissette, Melanie M. Richter, Kathleen E. Hunt, Noah T. Ashley","doi":"10.1002/jez.2863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2863","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic-breeding birds exhibit around-the-clock activity, and these activity cycles are postulated to maximize reproductive success during the short breeding season characteristic of high-latitude regions. Two closely related species of arctic-breeding songbirds, Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus; ground-nesting) and snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis; cavity-nesting) exhibit extended activity cycles throughout the polar day (71° N) except for 4–5 h of daily quiescence. Ground-nesting Lapland longspurs experience higher levels of nest predation than cavity-nesting snow buntings, and this difference is reflected in elevated nest vigilance in male longspurs compared with snow buntings. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin supplementation upon male parental care, corresponding measures of nestling growth, and ability to reduce activity (and increase sleep). A pharmacological dose of melatonin in captive snow buntings dampened the amplitude of activity rhythms over the polar day with no detectable phase-shifting compared with control-implanted birds. Melatonin treatment reduced nest visits and overall time spent on the nest by male snow buntings compared with controls. There was no significant increase in time spent by female snow buntings on the nest to compensate for this, and there was no significant effect on offspring growth rates. There were no effects of melatonin supplementation on longspur adults or offspring, suggesting behavioral insensitivity to exogenous melatonin treatment. These differences in sensitivity underscore the importance of nest defense in ground-nesting longspurs compared with cavity-nesting snow buntings, which participate minimally in nest defense.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1137-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular changes and physiological responses involved in migratory bird fuel management and stopover decisions 候鸟燃料管理和中途停留决策所涉及的分子变化和生理反应。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2861

Anastasios Bounas, Artemis Talioura, Chrysoula Komini, Elisavet-Aspasia Toli, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos, Christos Barboutis

{"title":"Molecular changes and physiological responses involved in migratory bird fuel management and stopover decisions","authors":"Anastasios Bounas, Artemis Talioura, Chrysoula Komini, Elisavet-Aspasia Toli, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos, Christos Barboutis","doi":"10.1002/jez.2861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2861","url":null,"abstract":"Migratory birds undertake long journeys across continents to reach breeding habitats with abundant resources. These migrations are essential for their survival and are shaped by a complex interplay of physiological adaptations, behavioral cues, and gene expression patterns. Central to migration are stopovers, critical resting points where birds replenish energy stores before continuing their journey. In this study, we integrate physiological measurements, behavioral observations, and molecular data from temporarily caged migrating Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) to gain insights into their stopover strategies and physiological adaptations after crossing the extended ecological barrier formed by the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Depleted individuals, marked by low body mass and flight muscle mass, showcased remarkable plasticity in recovering and rapidly rebuilding energy stores within a short 5-day stopover. Flight muscle mass increased during this period, highlighting a dynamic trade-off between muscle rebuilding and refuelling. Notably, birds prioritizing muscle rebuilding exhibited a trade-off with the downregulation of genes related to lipid transport and metabolism and at the same time showing evidence of skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Early arrivals were more motivated to depart and exhibited higher levels of physiological stress. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the adaptive responses of birds to changing environmental conditions along their migration routes.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) 普通壁蜥的性色装饰、微生境选择和热生理学。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2859

Maravillas Ruiz Miñano, Tobias Uller, Amanda K. Pettersen, Andreas Nord, Luisa J. Fitzpatrick, Geoffrey M. While

{"title":"Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)","authors":"Maravillas Ruiz Miñano, Tobias Uller, Amanda K. Pettersen, Andreas Nord, Luisa J. Fitzpatrick, Geoffrey M. While","doi":"10.1002/jez.2859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2859","url":null,"abstract":"Common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) in Italy show a striking variation in body coloration across the landscape, with highly exaggerated black and green colors in hot and dry climates and brown and white colors in cool and wet climates. Males are more intensely colored than females, and previous work has suggested that the maintenance of variation in coloration across the landscape reflects climatic effects on the strength of male–male competition, and through this sexual selection. However climatic effects on the intensity of male–male competition would need to be exceptionally strong to fully explain the geographic patterns of color variation. Thus, additional processes may contribute to the maintenance of color variation. Here we test the hypothesis that selection for green and black ornamentation in the context of male–male competition is opposed by selection against ornamentation because the genes involved in the regulation of coloration have pleiotropic effects on thermal physiology, such that ornamentation is selected against in cool climates. Field observations revealed no association between body coloration and microhabitat use or field active body temperatures. Consistent with these field data, lizards at the extreme ends of the phenotypic distribution for body coloration did not show any differences in critical minimum temperature, preferred body temperature, temperature-dependent metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss when tested in the laboratory. Combined, these results provide no evidence that genes that underlie sexual ornamentation are selected against in cool climate because of pleiotropic effects on thermal biology.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"1041-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis 新热带蝙蝠 Artibeus jamaicensis 的群体大小对睡眠的影响。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2860

Alexis M. Heckley, Christian D. Harding, Rachel A. Page, Barrett A. Klein, Yossi Yovel, Clarice A. Diebold, Hannah B. Tilley

{"title":"The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis","authors":"Alexis M. Heckley, Christian D. Harding, Rachel A. Page, Barrett A. Klein, Yossi Yovel, Clarice A. Diebold, Hannah B. Tilley","doi":"10.1002/jez.2860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2860","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is associated with many costs, but is also important to survival, with a lack of sleep impairing cognitive function and increasing mortality. Sleeping in groups could alleviate sleep-associated costs, or could introduce new costs if social sleeping disrupts sleep. Working with the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), we aimed to: (1) describe sleep architecture, (2) assess how sleeping in groups affects sleep, and (3) quantify total sleep time and identify rapid eye movement (REM) sleep using behavioral indicators that complement physiological evidence of sleep. Twenty-five adult bats were captured in Panama and recorded sleeping in an artificial roost enclosure. Three bats were fitted with an electromyograph and accelerometer and video recorded sleeping alone in controlled laboratory settings. The remaining 22 bats were assigned to differing social configurations (alone, dyad, triad, and tetrad) and video recorded sleeping in an outdoor flight cage. We found that sleep was highly variable among individuals (ranging from 2 h 53 min to 9 h 39 min over a 12-h period). Although we did not detect statistically significant effects and our sample size was limited, preliminary trends suggest that male bats may sleep longer than females, and individuals sleeping in groups may sleep longer than individuals sleeping alone. We also found a high correspondence between total sleep time quantified visually and quantified using actigraphy (with a 2-min immobility threshold) and identified physiological correlates of behaviorally-defined REM. These results serve as a starting point for future work on the ecology and evolution of sleep in bats and other wild mammals.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1097-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More sleep for behavioral ecologists 行为生态学家睡得更香

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2856

Daniela C. Rößler, Barrett A. Klein

{"title":"More sleep for behavioral ecologists","authors":"Daniela C. Rößler, Barrett A. Klein","doi":"10.1002/jez.2856","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2856","url":null,"abstract":"From jellyfish to parrot fish and roundworms to homeotherms, all animals are thought to sleep. Despite its presumed universality, sleep is a poorly understood behavior, varying significantly in its expression across, and even within, animal lineages. There is still no consensus about the origin, architecture, ecology of sleep, or even its defining characters. The field of behavioral ecology has the potential to extend our knowledge of sleep behavior to nontraditional models and in ecologically relevant settings. Here, we highlight current efforts in diversifying the field to generate stronger synergies between historically human-focused sleep research and behavioral ecology. Our primary aim is for behavioral ecology to enhance sleep research by contributing crucial observations as well as by creating novel comparative and evolutionary frameworks. At the same time, sleep research can enhance behavioral ecology by exposing the relevance of sleep to wakeful behaviors. Nikolaas Tinbergen's four levels of analysis have served as a foundation for comprehensively addressing questions in behavior, and we introduce some Tinbergian approaches to examine the interplay between sleep and wake under ecologically meaningful conditions.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1147-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential ameliorative role of Dimercaptosuccinic acid against the toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Caelatura nilotica clams 二巯基丁二酸对二氧化钛纳米颗粒对蛤蜊毒性的潜在改善作用

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2848

Hoda H. Abdel‑Azeem, Azza H. Mohamed, Gamalat Y. Osman, AbdElhafez R. AbdElhafez, Sherin K. Sheir

{"title":"The potential ameliorative role of Dimercaptosuccinic acid against the toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Caelatura nilotica clams","authors":"Hoda H. Abdel‑Azeem, Azza H. Mohamed, Gamalat Y. Osman, AbdElhafez R. AbdElhafez, Sherin K. Sheir","doi":"10.1002/jez.2848","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2848","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalent use of nanoparticles has adverse negative effects on biosystems. Subsequently, this study aimed to use Caelatura nilotica to assess the ecotoxicity of TiO2 NPs and how Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) improves these effects. Two concentrations of TiO2 NPs (25 and 150 µg/L) were used for 28 days. TiO2 NPs bioaccumulation, gonadal weight, gonado-somatic index, and histopathological alterations of gonads were determined. The tissues’ accumulation of TiO2 NPs was concentration-time-dependent: it was 78.5 ± 28.93 μg/g dry weight in the exposed clams to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs after 4 weeks of exposure. The gonadal weight and gonado-somatic index significantly decreased of the exposed group to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs over the experimental period that they ended with values (1.01 ± 0.57 gm, 19.15 ± 7.75%, respectively). There are some histological alterations in the gonads of C. nilotica such as necrosis, deteriorated connective tissue, increased fibrous tissue, a reduced presence of mature sperms and mature ova, and irregular shapes of testicular/ovarian follicles. When using Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), this led to a reduction in accumulation of TiO2 NPs by the end of the experiment. So, C. nilotica is a promising model to reflect the adverse nano-toxics. DMSA emerges as a potentially valuable chelating agent that abolishes the negative effects of these nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"1053-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early life thermal conditioning alters heat-shock protein expression in response to an adult thermal stressor 生命早期的热调节会改变热休克蛋白的表达，以应对成年热应力。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2858

Alexander J. Hoffman, John W. Finger Jr., Andreas N. Kavazis, Haruka Wada

{"title":"Early life thermal conditioning alters heat-shock protein expression in response to an adult thermal stressor","authors":"Alexander J. Hoffman, John W. Finger Jr., Andreas N. Kavazis, Haruka Wada","doi":"10.1002/jez.2858","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2858","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental environmental stressors can have instructive effects on an organism's phenotype. This developmental plasticity can prepare organisms for potentially stressful future environments, circumventing detrimental effects on fitness. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying such adaptive plasticity are understudied, especially in vertebrates. We hypothesized that captive male zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) exposed to a mild heat conditioning during development would acquire a persisting thermotolerance, and exhibit increased heat-shock protein (HSP) levels associated with a decrease in oxidative damage when exposed to a high-intensity stressor in adulthood. To test this, we exposed male finches to a prolonged mild heat conditioning (38°C) or control (22°C) treatment as juveniles. Then in a 2 × 2 factorial manner, these finches were exposed to a high heat stressor (42°C) or control (22°C) treatment as adults. Following the adult treatment, we collected testes and liver tissue and measured HSP70, HSP90, and HSP60 protein levels. In the testes, finches exhibited lower levels of HSP90 and HSP60 when exposed to the high heat stressor in adulthood if they were exposed to the mild heat conditioning as juveniles. In the liver, finches exposed to the high heat stressor in adulthood had reduced HSP90 and HSP60 levels, regardless of whether they were conditioned as juveniles. In some cases, elevated testes HSP60 levels were associated with increased liver oxidative damage and diminishment of a condition-dependent trait, indicating potential stress-induced tradeoffs. Our results indicate that a mild conditioning during development can have persisting effects on HSP expression and acquired thermotolerance.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"1030-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A single gene determines allorecognition in hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema radiatum inbred lines 单个基因决定了水螅水母雷蒂藻（Cladonema radiatum）近交系的异源识别能力。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2853

Crystal Tang, Miwa Tamura-Nakano, Kenta Kobayakawa, Takuto Ozawa, Takao Onojima, Rei Kajitani, Takehiko Itoh, Kazunori Tachibana

{"title":"A single gene determines allorecognition in hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema radiatum inbred lines","authors":"Crystal Tang, Miwa Tamura-Nakano, Kenta Kobayakawa, Takuto Ozawa, Takao Onojima, Rei Kajitani, Takehiko Itoh, Kazunori Tachibana","doi":"10.1002/jez.2853","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2853","url":null,"abstract":"Allorecognition—the ability of an organism to discriminate between self and nonself—is crucial to colonial marine animals to avoid invasion by other individuals in the same habitat. The cnidarian hydroid Hydractinia has long been a major research model in studying invertebrate allorecognition, establishing a rich knowledge foundation. In this study, we introduce a new cnidarian model Cladonema radiatum (C. radiatum). C. radiatum is a hydroid jellyfish which also forms polyp colonies interconnected with stolons. Allorecognition responses—fusion or regression of stolons—are observed when stolons encounter each other. By transmission electron microscopy, we observe rapid tissue remodeling contributing to gastrovascular system connection in fusion. Meanwhile, rejection responses are regulated by reconstruction of the chitinous exoskeleton perisarc, and induction of necrotic and autophagic cellular responses at cells in contact with the opponent. Genetic analysis identifies allorecognition genes: six Alr genes located on the putative allorecognition complex and four immunoglobulin superfamily genes on a separate genome region. C. radiatum allorecognition genes show notable conservation with the Hydractinia Alr family. Remarkedly, stolon encounter assays of inbred lines reveal that genotypes of Alr1 solely determine allorecognition outcomes in C. radiatum.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"1002-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model 论文标题：毛果芸香碱对糖尿病母鼠心肌病模型的治疗作用

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2854

Shaimaa M. Elnahas, Hend Abd El-Halim Mansour, Mamdouh R. El-Sawi, Amoura M. Abou-El-Naga

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia on cardiomyopathy in a diabetic maternal rat model","authors":"Shaimaa M. Elnahas, Hend Abd El-Halim Mansour, Mamdouh R. El-Sawi, Amoura M. Abou-El-Naga","doi":"10.1002/jez.2854","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2854","url":null,"abstract":"Myocardial structural and functional abnormalities are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Maternal DM affects and increases the risk of heart defects in diabetic mothers compared with nondiabetic mothers. Momordica charantia exhibits antidiabetic effects due to various bioactive compounds that are phytochemicals, a broad group that includes phenolic compounds, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, inorganic compounds, and lipids. Pregnant maternal rats were split into four groups: control (C), M. charantia-treated (MC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (DM), and diabetic (MC + DM) groups. Diabetes mothers had increased serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase were increased. Hormone levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estrogen decreased significantly. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were elevated in diabetic mothers. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, while antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were decreased in maternal heart tissue. The levels of apoptotic markers such as tumor suppressor 53 (P53) and cysteine aspartic protease-3 (caspase-3) were significantly greater in diabetic maternal heart tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed heart tissue abnormalities in diabetic maternal rats. M. charantia extract improved maternal diabetes-induced changes in inflammation, antioxidant levels, and heart tissue structure.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"977-990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protocol to record and analyze primate leaping in three dimensions in the wild 记录和分析野生灵长类动物三维跳跃的程序。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2849

Judith Janisch, Jack Kirven, Nicole Schapker, Lydia C. Myers, Liza J. Shapiro, Jesse W. Young

{"title":"Protocol to record and analyze primate leaping in three dimensions in the wild","authors":"Judith Janisch, Jack Kirven, Nicole Schapker, Lydia C. Myers, Liza J. Shapiro, Jesse W. Young","doi":"10.1002/jez.2849","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2849","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies comparing primate locomotion under lab versus field conditions have shown the importance of implementing both types of studies, as each has their advantages and disadvantages. However, three-dimensional (3D) motion capture of primates has been challenging under natural conditions. In this study, we provide a detailed protocol on how to collect 3D biomechanical data on primate leaping in their natural habitat that can be widely implemented. To record primate locomotion in the dense forest we use modified GoPro Hero Black cameras with zoom lenses that can easily be carried around and set up on tripods. We outline details on how to obtain camera calibrations at greater heights and how to process the collected data using the MATLAB camera calibration app and the motion tracking software DLTdv8a. We further developed a new MATLAB application “WildLeap3D” to generate biomechanical performance metrics from the derived x, y, z coordinates of the leaps. We provide details on how to collect data on support diameter, compliance, and orientation, and combine these with the jumps to study locomotor performance in an ecological context. We successfully reconstructed leaps of wild primates in the 3D space under natural conditions and provided data on four representative leaps. We provide exemplar data on primate velocity and acceleration during a leap and show how our protocol can be used to analyze segmental kinematics. This study will help to make motion capture of freely moving animals more accessible and help further our knowledge about animal locomotion and movement.","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"965-976"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0