Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Administration Routes in Crayfish: Comparative Analysis of Intracoelomic and Intrapericardial Techniques Using Fluorescein Dye","authors":"Davinder Kaur,&nbsp;Areeba Khan,&nbsp;Jan Kubec,&nbsp;Thomas Breithaupt,&nbsp;Miloš Buřič","doi":"10.1002/jez.2872","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2872","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crayfish are emerging as model organisms for various disciplines. Moreover, decapod crustaceans also exhibit pain-like reactions and heightened anxiety when exposed to harmful stimuli, leading to short-term or persistent behavioral shifts. Awareness of decapod crustacean sentience and thus, suffering calls for refinement of current laboratory protocols. This study aims to enhance the standard methodology for injecting substances into crayfish by minimizing stress-inducing manipulation. We examined the impacts of various administration routes on the persistence of injected chemicals in marbled crayfish, its excretion, and animal survival. Fluorescein dye was used as a visual marker. It was administered via three alternative injection routes—intracoelomic (IC), intrapericardial administration through areola (IP-A), and intrapericardial administration through arthrodial membrane (IP-AM). Continuous video observations were made for a 4-h period under UV light, followed by intermittent observations at 12-h intervals over 48 h. The highest mortality (20%) was observed in IP-A administration. The IP-A method also provided the fastest systemic distribution of the dye in the body. Results indicated visibly higher urination frequency in IP-AM compared to IP-A. IC mirrored IP-AM outcomes without any observed mortality. We conclude that IC administration proved superior to intrapericardial methods, offering the least harmful but effective approach for crayfish injections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Comparative Biology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms","authors":"Noah T. Ashley,&nbsp;John A. Lesku","doi":"10.1002/jez.2869","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1071-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally Elevated Levels of Testosterone Advance Daily Onset of Activity in Short-Day Housed Male House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)","authors":"Holland Galante,&nbsp;Samuel J. Lane,&nbsp;Emily K. Elderbrock,&nbsp;Geoffrey Brown,&nbsp;Timothy J. Greives","doi":"10.1002/jez.2871","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2871","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonal changes in sleep/wake cycles and behaviors related to reproduction often co-occur with seasonal fluctuations in sex hormones. Experimental studies have established that fluctuations in circulating testosterone mediate circadian rhythms. However, most studies are performed under constant lighting conditions and fail to investigate the effects of testosterone on the phenotypic output of circadian rhythms, that is, chronotype (daily activity patterns under light:dark cycles). Here, we experimentally elevated testosterone with implants during short nonbreeding daylengths in male house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) to test if observed seasonal changes in chronotype are directly in response to photoperiod or to testosterone. We fitted individuals with accelerometers to track activity across treatment periods. Birds experienced three treatments periods: short day photoperiods before manipulation (SD), followed by testosterone implants while still on short days (SD + T). Implants were then removed. After a decrease in cloacal protuberance size, an indicator of low testosterone levels, birds were then photostimulated on long days (LD). Blood samples were collected at night, when testosterone peaks, to compare testosterone levels to daily onset/offset activity for experimental periods. Our results indicate that experimentally elevated testosterone under short nonbreeding photoperiods significantly advanced daily onset of activity and total daily activity relative to daylength. This suggests that testosterone, independent of photoperiod, is responsible for seasonal shifts in chronotypes and daily activity rhythms. These findings suggest that sex steroid hormone actions regulate timing of daily behaviors, likely coordinating expression of reproductive behaviors to appropriate times of the day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1073-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clock Gene Expression in Eel Retina and Hypothalamus: Response to Photoperiod and Moonlight","authors":"Ji-Yeon Hyeon,&nbsp;Jun-Hwan Byun,&nbsp;Byeong-Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Sachithra Amarin Hettiarachchi,&nbsp;Jeonghoon Han,&nbsp;Young-Ung Choi,&nbsp;Choong-Hwan Noh,&nbsp;Yuki Takeuchi,&nbsp;Soo-Youn Choi,&nbsp;Jong-Eun Park,&nbsp;Sung-Pyo Hur","doi":"10.1002/jez.2870","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Assessment of the clock genes, Period (<i>Per</i>) 1, <i>Per2</i>, <i>Per3</i>, and Cryptochrome (<i>Cry</i>) 2, <i>Cry3</i>, and <i>Cry4</i>, can help better understand eel spawning ecology. In this study, the circadian rhythm and moonlight effects of these clock genes in the eel retina and hypothalamus were analyzed. We examined clock gene expression patterns under 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L12D), constant darkness (DD), and constant light (LL) conditions; under short photoperiod (SP; 9L15D) and long photoperiod (LP; 15L9D), and during the new moon (NM) and full moon in male eels. <i>Per2</i> expression increased after sunrise, <i>Cry2</i>, and <i>Cry4</i> expression increased around sunset, and <i>Per1</i>, <i>Per3</i>, and <i>Cry3</i> expression increased before sunrise. Under SP conditions, oscillations of retinal <i>Per3</i> and <i>Cry4</i>, which did not occur under LP conditions, were generated. In addition, retinal <i>Cry4</i> oscillation was generated under NM conditions. These results suggest that the retina of the eel may play an important role in regulating circadian rhythm, and migration is initiated by the synchronization of clock genes by moonlight, suggesting that photic signals are closely related to the migratory activity of the eel.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Oxidative Stress May Prevent a Red Ornament From Signaling Longevity","authors":"A. A. Romero-Haro,&nbsp;A. Cantarero,&nbsp;C. Alonso-Alvarez","doi":"10.1002/jez.2868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harsh early environmental conditions can exert delayed, long-lasting effects on phenotypes, including reproductive traits such as sexual signals. Indeed, adverse early conditions can accelerate development, increasing oxidative stress that may, in turn, impact adult sexual signals. Among signals, colorations produced by red ketocarotenoids seem to depend on mitochondrial functioning. Hence, they could reveal individual cell respiration efficiency. It has been hypothesized that these traits are unfalsifiable “index” signals of condition due to their deep connection to individual metabolism. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently linked to aging, red ketocarotenoid-based ornaments could also be good signals of a critical fitness component: longevity. We tested this red color per longevity correlation in captive zebra finches. In addition, we experimentally decreased the synthesis of glutathione (a critical intracellular antioxidant) during the first days of the birds' life to resemble harsh early environmental conditions (e.g., undernutrition). Longevity was recorded until the death of the last bird (almost 9 years). Males, but not females, exhibiting a redder bill in early adulthood lived longer than males with paler bills, which agrees with some precedent studies. However, such bill redness—longevity connection was absent among males with inhibited glutathione synthesis. These findings may suggest that environmental factors can alter the reliability of red ketocarotenoid-based sexual signals, making them less unfalsifiable than believed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Challenges Do Not Impact Pheomelanin-Dependent Coloration in Male Japanese Quails","authors":"Vianey Alejandro,&nbsp;América Hernández,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Bibiana Montoya","doi":"10.1002/jez.2865","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2865","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colorful traits play an important role in animal communication. Melanin-based colorations are the most extended color traits in animals and are produced by two types of endogenous melanic pigments: eumelanins and pheomelanins, the last ones being the least studied in the context of communication. The production of pheomelanin requires a semi-essential amino acid, cysteine, which is also used for the synthesis of an important endogenous antioxidant, glutathione. Hence, it has been proposed that the synthesis of pheomelanin and glutathione may compete for the cysteine available in the organism. In that case, pheomelanic colorations are predicted to be less intense when the individual is facing an oxidative challenge, and therefore, they would provide information on the oxidative status of the bearer. Here, we experimentally evaluated this hypothesis using male Japanese quails (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) as a model of study, a species with pheomelanin-based plumage in the breast and cheeks. During feather growth, individuals were exposed to one of three possible conditions: Control (saline), an endogenous oxidative challenge (<i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide injections), or an exogenous oxidative challenge (paraquat injections). Contrary to predictions, we found that: (1) Birds from the three groups exhibited less intense pheomelanic colorations in feathers after the experimental manipulation, and the magnitude of this change did not differ among groups. (2) There was no effect of the experimental treatments on the proportion reduced/oxidized glutathione, an index of oxidative status. (3) Lipid peroxidation was lower after the experimental manipulation, with birds exposed to the paraquat challenge experiencing a stronger decline than other groups. (4) Cysteine and total glutathione levels decreased after the experimental manipulation, with no differences per group in the magnitude of the decline. Taken together the results do not support the hypothesis that oxidative status plays a key role at determining the variation in the intensity of pheomelanic colorations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Plumage Coloration of Rosy-Faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis): Links to Sex, Age, Nutritional Condition, Viral Infection, and Habitat Urbanization","authors":"Kevin J. McGraw,&nbsp;Reilly Hammond,&nbsp;Simona Kraberger,&nbsp;Arvind Varsani","doi":"10.1002/jez.2867","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Expression of vibrant plumage color plays important communication roles in many avian clades, ranging from penguins to passerines, but comparatively less is known about color signals in parrots (order Psittaciformes). We measured variation in coloration from three plumage patches (red face, blue rump, red tail) in an introduced population of rosy-faced lovebirds (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>) in Phoenix, Arizona, USA and examined color differences between the sexes and ages as well as relationships with several indices of quality, including disease presence/absence (infection with beak and feather disease, <i>Circovirus parrot</i>, and a polyomavirus, <i>Gammapolyomavirus avis</i>), nutritional state (e.g., blood glucose and ketone levels), and habitat type from which birds were captured. We found that different plumage colors were linked to different quality indices: (a) adults had redder faces than juveniles, and birds with brighter faces had lower glucose levels and were less likely to have polyomavirus; (b) males had bluer rumps than females; and (c) birds caught farther from the city had redder and darker tail feathers than those caught closer to the urban center. Our findings reveal diverse information underlying variation in the expression of these disparate, ornate feather traits in an introduced parrot species, and suggest that these condition-dependent and/or sexually dichromatic features may serve important intraspecific signaling roles (i.e., mediating rival competitions or mate choices).</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and SEM-EDX Analysis Characterizations of the Pecten Oculi of the Eurasian Stone-Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus): New Insights to Its Migratory Adaptations With Northern Egyptian Coast","authors":"Mohamed M. A. Abumandour,&nbsp;Basma G. Hanafy","doi":"10.1002/jez.2866","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2866","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study represents the first attempts to describe the ultrastructure features in addition to SEM-EDX analysis of the pecten oculi of the nocturnal, visually active Eurasian stone-curlew. The present study was carried out on 10 normal pecten oculi from the migrant Eurasian stone-curlew (<i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i>) that was captured from the Northern Egyptian coast, Edku Lake, Edku, Behera, Egypt. The intraocular folded quadrilateral fan black pecten oculi was observed on the posteroinferior wall of the eyeball. The pecten oculi had 18–20 pleats, with narrow spaces in-between. Our SEM findings showed a tortuous, coiled pecteneal surface due to numerous blood capillaries. The apical part was oriented toward the ciliary body, but the basal part was derived from the retina, just behind the optic nerve. The outer pleat surfaces are covered by the vitreopecteneal limiting membrane, which carries numerous hyalocyte cells on the outer pleat surface. The transverse sections revealed numerous blood capillaries surrounded by numerous melanin granules. Each basal part was surrounded by a thin, elevated ridge. Our SEM-EDX analysis revealed that carbon is the highest (half percent), oxygen represents about one-third, and nitrogen is one-fifth percent of all elements. The lowest elements are sulfate at the apical part and phosphorus in the middle and basal parts. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the number of pecteneal pleats is related to the nocturnal active visual pattern and the lifestyle of this migratory bird.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes in rats through mesenchymal stem cells and olive leaf extract","authors":"Mervat A. AbdRabou,&nbsp;Ahmed B. M. Mehany,&nbsp;Diaa Massoud,&nbsp;Ahmed Nabeeh,&nbsp;Aml M. Asran,&nbsp;Mousa O. Germoush,&nbsp;Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi,&nbsp;Ahmed Atwa","doi":"10.1002/jez.2862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a new promising therapeutic approach with substantial very auspicious potential. They have been shown to protect various played a role in protecting organs from damage. This current study aims to evaluate the impact of the treatment of olive leaf extract (OLE), bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs), and their combination on hepatotoxicity in pregnant rats with diabetes. Methods: Animals were divided into five groups (10 pregnant rats each) as follows: control, GDM group, and OLE group (rats received streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg body weight). GD + OLE set (pregnant rats were administered OLE at a dose of 200 mg extract/kg of body weight). GD + MSCs group (pregnant rats treated with MSCs). GD + OLE + MSCs group (pregnant rats were treated with both MSCs and OLE). Results: STZ induced significant changes in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. Treatment with OLE, BM-MSCs, and their combination significantly ameliorated STZ-induced liver damage and oxidative stress. STZ resulted in a significant change in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. OLE, BM-MSC, and combination have significantly improved STZ-induced deterioration in liver and improved oxidative stress. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that OLE and BM-MSCs have beneficial effects in mitigating diabetes-related liver alterations. These outcomes showed that OLE and BM-MSC have beneficial effects in alleviating diabetes-related alterations in the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree Frogs Alter Their Behavioral Strategies While Landing On Vertical Perches","authors":"Rui Zhou,&nbsp;Zhouyi Wang,&nbsp;Yi Song,&nbsp;Shuhao Liu,&nbsp;Zhendong Dai","doi":"10.1002/jez.2864","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an arboreal animal, tree frogs face diverse challenges when landing on perches, including variations in substrate shape, diameter, flexibility, and angular distribution, with potentially significant consequences for failed landings. Research on tree frog landing behavior on perches, especially concerning landing on vertical substrates, remains limited. This study investigated the landing strategies (forelimb, abdomen, and hindlimb) of tree frogs on vertical perches, considering perch diameter. Although all three strategies were observed across perches of different diameters, their frequencies differed. Forelimb landing was most common across all perch diameters, with its frequency increasing with perch diameter, while abdomen and hindlimb landing strategies were more prevalent on smaller diameter perches. During the process from take-off to landing, the body axis underwent some deviation owing to the asymmetric movement of the left and right limbs; however, these deviations did not significantly differ among landing strategies. Additionally, different landing strategies led to variations in the landing forces, with abdominal landings generating significantly higher impact forces than the other two strategies. These findings provide insights into the biomechanics and biological adaptations of tree frogs when landing on challenging substrates, such as leaves or branches.</p><p>作为树栖动物，树蛙在着陆栖木时面临着基底形状、直径、柔软度和角度分布的多样挑战，着陆失败可能导致严重后果。关于树蛙在栖木上着陆表现的研究尚有限，尤其是在垂直基质上的着陆行为方面。本研究调查了树蛙在垂直栖木上的着陆策略(前肢、腹部和后肢)，并考虑了直径的影响。虽然这三种策略在不同直径的栖木上均有观察到，但其使用频率各不相同。前肢着陆策略在各栖木直径中是最常见的，其频率随着直径的增加而增加，而腹部和后肢着地策略在较小直径的鲈鱼上更为普遍。在从起飞到着陆的过程中，由于左右肢体的不对称运动导致身体轴线发生了一定角度的偏转，但是这些偏转在不同的着陆策略中没有显著性差异。此外，不同的着陆策略导致着陆力的变化，腹部着陆与其他两种着陆策略相比，产生了显著更高的冲击力。这些发现为了解树蛙在叶子或树枝上等有挑战基底着陆时的生物力学和生物适应性提供了参考。</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}