Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献

{"title":"Early Oxidative Stress May Prevent a Red Ornament From Signaling Longevity","authors":"A. A. Romero-Haro,&nbsp;A. Cantarero,&nbsp;C. Alonso-Alvarez","doi":"10.1002/jez.2868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harsh early environmental conditions can exert delayed, long-lasting effects on phenotypes, including reproductive traits such as sexual signals. Indeed, adverse early conditions can accelerate development, increasing oxidative stress that may, in turn, impact adult sexual signals. Among signals, colorations produced by red ketocarotenoids seem to depend on mitochondrial functioning. Hence, they could reveal individual cell respiration efficiency. It has been hypothesized that these traits are unfalsifiable “index” signals of condition due to their deep connection to individual metabolism. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently linked to aging, red ketocarotenoid-based ornaments could also be good signals of a critical fitness component: longevity. We tested this red color per longevity correlation in captive zebra finches. In addition, we experimentally decreased the synthesis of glutathione (a critical intracellular antioxidant) during the first days of the birds' life to resemble harsh early environmental conditions (e.g., undernutrition). Longevity was recorded until the death of the last bird (almost 9 years). Males, but not females, exhibiting a redder bill in early adulthood lived longer than males with paler bills, which agrees with some precedent studies. However, such bill redness—longevity connection was absent among males with inhibited glutathione synthesis. These findings may suggest that environmental factors can alter the reliability of red ketocarotenoid-based sexual signals, making them less unfalsifiable than believed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Challenges Do Not Impact Pheomelanin-Dependent Coloration in Male Japanese Quails","authors":"Vianey Alejandro,&nbsp;América Hernández,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Bibiana Montoya","doi":"10.1002/jez.2865","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2865","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colorful traits play an important role in animal communication. Melanin-based colorations are the most extended color traits in animals and are produced by two types of endogenous melanic pigments: eumelanins and pheomelanins, the last ones being the least studied in the context of communication. The production of pheomelanin requires a semi-essential amino acid, cysteine, which is also used for the synthesis of an important endogenous antioxidant, glutathione. Hence, it has been proposed that the synthesis of pheomelanin and glutathione may compete for the cysteine available in the organism. In that case, pheomelanic colorations are predicted to be less intense when the individual is facing an oxidative challenge, and therefore, they would provide information on the oxidative status of the bearer. Here, we experimentally evaluated this hypothesis using male Japanese quails (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) as a model of study, a species with pheomelanin-based plumage in the breast and cheeks. During feather growth, individuals were exposed to one of three possible conditions: Control (saline), an endogenous oxidative challenge (<i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide injections), or an exogenous oxidative challenge (paraquat injections). Contrary to predictions, we found that: (1) Birds from the three groups exhibited less intense pheomelanic colorations in feathers after the experimental manipulation, and the magnitude of this change did not differ among groups. (2) There was no effect of the experimental treatments on the proportion reduced/oxidized glutathione, an index of oxidative status. (3) Lipid peroxidation was lower after the experimental manipulation, with birds exposed to the paraquat challenge experiencing a stronger decline than other groups. (4) Cysteine and total glutathione levels decreased after the experimental manipulation, with no differences per group in the magnitude of the decline. Taken together the results do not support the hypothesis that oxidative status plays a key role at determining the variation in the intensity of pheomelanic colorations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Plumage Coloration of Rosy-Faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis): Links to Sex, Age, Nutritional Condition, Viral Infection, and Habitat Urbanization","authors":"Kevin J. McGraw,&nbsp;Reilly Hammond,&nbsp;Simona Kraberger,&nbsp;Arvind Varsani","doi":"10.1002/jez.2867","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Expression of vibrant plumage color plays important communication roles in many avian clades, ranging from penguins to passerines, but comparatively less is known about color signals in parrots (order Psittaciformes). We measured variation in coloration from three plumage patches (red face, blue rump, red tail) in an introduced population of rosy-faced lovebirds (<i>Agapornis roseicollis</i>) in Phoenix, Arizona, USA and examined color differences between the sexes and ages as well as relationships with several indices of quality, including disease presence/absence (infection with beak and feather disease, <i>Circovirus parrot</i>, and a polyomavirus, <i>Gammapolyomavirus avis</i>), nutritional state (e.g., blood glucose and ketone levels), and habitat type from which birds were captured. We found that different plumage colors were linked to different quality indices: (a) adults had redder faces than juveniles, and birds with brighter faces had lower glucose levels and were less likely to have polyomavirus; (b) males had bluer rumps than females; and (c) birds caught farther from the city had redder and darker tail feathers than those caught closer to the urban center. Our findings reveal diverse information underlying variation in the expression of these disparate, ornate feather traits in an introduced parrot species, and suggest that these condition-dependent and/or sexually dichromatic features may serve important intraspecific signaling roles (i.e., mediating rival competitions or mate choices).</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and SEM-EDX Analysis Characterizations of the Pecten Oculi of the Eurasian Stone-Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus): New Insights to Its Migratory Adaptations With Northern Egyptian Coast","authors":"Mohamed M. A. Abumandour,&nbsp;Basma G. Hanafy","doi":"10.1002/jez.2866","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2866","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study represents the first attempts to describe the ultrastructure features in addition to SEM-EDX analysis of the pecten oculi of the nocturnal, visually active Eurasian stone-curlew. The present study was carried out on 10 normal pecten oculi from the migrant Eurasian stone-curlew (<i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i>) that was captured from the Northern Egyptian coast, Edku Lake, Edku, Behera, Egypt. The intraocular folded quadrilateral fan black pecten oculi was observed on the posteroinferior wall of the eyeball. The pecten oculi had 18–20 pleats, with narrow spaces in-between. Our SEM findings showed a tortuous, coiled pecteneal surface due to numerous blood capillaries. The apical part was oriented toward the ciliary body, but the basal part was derived from the retina, just behind the optic nerve. The outer pleat surfaces are covered by the vitreopecteneal limiting membrane, which carries numerous hyalocyte cells on the outer pleat surface. The transverse sections revealed numerous blood capillaries surrounded by numerous melanin granules. Each basal part was surrounded by a thin, elevated ridge. Our SEM-EDX analysis revealed that carbon is the highest (half percent), oxygen represents about one-third, and nitrogen is one-fifth percent of all elements. The lowest elements are sulfate at the apical part and phosphorus in the middle and basal parts. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the number of pecteneal pleats is related to the nocturnal active visual pattern and the lifestyle of this migratory bird.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of biochemical alterations in streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes in rats through mesenchymal stem cells and olive leaf extract","authors":"Mervat A. AbdRabou,&nbsp;Ahmed B. M. Mehany,&nbsp;Diaa Massoud,&nbsp;Ahmed Nabeeh,&nbsp;Aml M. Asran,&nbsp;Mousa O. Germoush,&nbsp;Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi,&nbsp;Ahmed Atwa","doi":"10.1002/jez.2862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a new promising therapeutic approach with substantial very auspicious potential. They have been shown to protect various played a role in protecting organs from damage. This current study aims to evaluate the impact of the treatment of olive leaf extract (OLE), bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs), and their combination on hepatotoxicity in pregnant rats with diabetes. Methods: Animals were divided into five groups (10 pregnant rats each) as follows: control, GDM group, and OLE group (rats received streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg body weight). GD + OLE set (pregnant rats were administered OLE at a dose of 200 mg extract/kg of body weight). GD + MSCs group (pregnant rats treated with MSCs). GD + OLE + MSCs group (pregnant rats were treated with both MSCs and OLE). Results: STZ induced significant changes in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. Treatment with OLE, BM-MSCs, and their combination significantly ameliorated STZ-induced liver damage and oxidative stress. STZ resulted in a significant change in liver parameters, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. OLE, BM-MSC, and combination have significantly improved STZ-induced deterioration in liver and improved oxidative stress. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that OLE and BM-MSCs have beneficial effects in mitigating diabetes-related liver alterations. These outcomes showed that OLE and BM-MSC have beneficial effects in alleviating diabetes-related alterations in the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree Frogs Alter Their Behavioral Strategies While Landing On Vertical Perches","authors":"Rui Zhou,&nbsp;Zhouyi Wang,&nbsp;Yi Song,&nbsp;Shuhao Liu,&nbsp;Zhendong Dai","doi":"10.1002/jez.2864","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an arboreal animal, tree frogs face diverse challenges when landing on perches, including variations in substrate shape, diameter, flexibility, and angular distribution, with potentially significant consequences for failed landings. Research on tree frog landing behavior on perches, especially concerning landing on vertical substrates, remains limited. This study investigated the landing strategies (forelimb, abdomen, and hindlimb) of tree frogs on vertical perches, considering perch diameter. Although all three strategies were observed across perches of different diameters, their frequencies differed. Forelimb landing was most common across all perch diameters, with its frequency increasing with perch diameter, while abdomen and hindlimb landing strategies were more prevalent on smaller diameter perches. During the process from take-off to landing, the body axis underwent some deviation owing to the asymmetric movement of the left and right limbs; however, these deviations did not significantly differ among landing strategies. Additionally, different landing strategies led to variations in the landing forces, with abdominal landings generating significantly higher impact forces than the other two strategies. These findings provide insights into the biomechanics and biological adaptations of tree frogs when landing on challenging substrates, such as leaves or branches.</p><p>作为树栖动物，树蛙在着陆栖木时面临着基底形状、直径、柔软度和角度分布的多样挑战，着陆失败可能导致严重后果。关于树蛙在栖木上着陆表现的研究尚有限，尤其是在垂直基质上的着陆行为方面。本研究调查了树蛙在垂直栖木上的着陆策略(前肢、腹部和后肢)，并考虑了直径的影响。虽然这三种策略在不同直径的栖木上均有观察到，但其使用频率各不相同。前肢着陆策略在各栖木直径中是最常见的，其频率随着直径的增加而增加，而腹部和后肢着地策略在较小直径的鲈鱼上更为普遍。在从起飞到着陆的过程中，由于左右肢体的不对称运动导致身体轴线发生了一定角度的偏转，但是这些偏转在不同的着陆策略中没有显著性差异。此外，不同的着陆策略导致着陆力的变化，腹部着陆与其他两种着陆策略相比，产生了显著更高的冲击力。这些发现为了解树蛙在叶子或树枝上等有挑战基底着陆时的生物力学和生物适应性提供了参考。</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of melatonin supplementation upon parental care and nestling growth in arctic-breeding songbirds","authors":"Keelee Pullum,&nbsp;Brett Hodinka,&nbsp;Zoe Ward,&nbsp;Greta Morrissette,&nbsp;Melanie M. Richter,&nbsp;Kathleen E. Hunt,&nbsp;Noah T. Ashley","doi":"10.1002/jez.2863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arctic-breeding birds exhibit around-the-clock activity, and these activity cycles are postulated to maximize reproductive success during the short breeding season characteristic of high-latitude regions. Two closely related species of arctic-breeding songbirds, Lapland longspurs (<i>Calcarius lapponicus</i>; ground-nesting) and snow buntings (<i>Plectrophenax nivalis</i>; cavity-nesting) exhibit extended activity cycles throughout the polar day (71° N) except for 4–5 h of daily quiescence. Ground-nesting Lapland longspurs experience higher levels of nest predation than cavity-nesting snow buntings, and this difference is reflected in elevated nest vigilance in male longspurs compared with snow buntings. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin supplementation upon male parental care, corresponding measures of nestling growth, and ability to reduce activity (and increase sleep). A pharmacological dose of melatonin in captive snow buntings dampened the amplitude of activity rhythms over the polar day with no detectable phase-shifting compared with control-implanted birds. Melatonin treatment reduced nest visits and overall time spent on the nest by male snow buntings compared with controls. There was no significant increase in time spent by female snow buntings on the nest to compensate for this, and there was no significant effect on offspring growth rates. There were no effects of melatonin supplementation on longspur adults or offspring, suggesting behavioral insensitivity to exogenous melatonin treatment. These differences in sensitivity underscore the importance of nest defense in ground-nesting longspurs compared with cavity-nesting snow buntings, which participate minimally in nest defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1137-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular changes and physiological responses involved in migratory bird fuel management and stopover decisions","authors":"Anastasios Bounas,&nbsp;Artemis Talioura,&nbsp;Chrysoula Komini,&nbsp;Elisavet-Aspasia Toli,&nbsp;Konstantinos Sotiropoulos,&nbsp;Christos Barboutis","doi":"10.1002/jez.2861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory birds undertake long journeys across continents to reach breeding habitats with abundant resources. These migrations are essential for their survival and are shaped by a complex interplay of physiological adaptations, behavioral cues, and gene expression patterns. Central to migration are stopovers, critical resting points where birds replenish energy stores before continuing their journey. In this study, we integrate physiological measurements, behavioral observations, and molecular data from temporarily caged migrating Garden Warblers (<i>Sylvia borin</i>) to gain insights into their stopover strategies and physiological adaptations after crossing the extended ecological barrier formed by the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Depleted individuals, marked by low body mass and flight muscle mass, showcased remarkable plasticity in recovering and rapidly rebuilding energy stores within a short 5-day stopover. Flight muscle mass increased during this period, highlighting a dynamic trade-off between muscle rebuilding and refuelling. Notably, birds prioritizing muscle rebuilding exhibited a trade-off with the downregulation of genes related to lipid transport and metabolism and at the same time showing evidence of skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Early arrivals were more motivated to depart and exhibited higher levels of physiological stress. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the adaptive responses of birds to changing environmental conditions along their migration routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)","authors":"Maravillas Ruiz Miñano,&nbsp;Tobias Uller,&nbsp;Amanda K. Pettersen,&nbsp;Andreas Nord,&nbsp;Luisa J. Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Geoffrey M. While","doi":"10.1002/jez.2859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common wall lizards (<i>Podarcis muralis</i>) in Italy show a striking variation in body coloration across the landscape, with highly exaggerated black and green colors in hot and dry climates and brown and white colors in cool and wet climates. Males are more intensely colored than females, and previous work has suggested that the maintenance of variation in coloration across the landscape reflects climatic effects on the strength of male–male competition, and through this sexual selection. However climatic effects on the intensity of male–male competition would need to be exceptionally strong to fully explain the geographic patterns of color variation. Thus, additional processes may contribute to the maintenance of color variation. Here we test the hypothesis that selection for green and black ornamentation in the context of male–male competition is opposed by selection against ornamentation because the genes involved in the regulation of coloration have pleiotropic effects on thermal physiology, such that ornamentation is selected against in cool climates. Field observations revealed no association between body coloration and microhabitat use or field active body temperatures. Consistent with these field data, lizards at the extreme ends of the phenotypic distribution for body coloration did not show any differences in critical minimum temperature, preferred body temperature, temperature-dependent metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss when tested in the laboratory. Combined, these results provide no evidence that genes that underlie sexual ornamentation are selected against in cool climate because of pleiotropic effects on thermal biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 9","pages":"1041-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of group size on sleep in a neotropical bat, Artibeus jamaicensis","authors":"Alexis M. Heckley,&nbsp;Christian D. Harding,&nbsp;Rachel A. Page,&nbsp;Barrett A. Klein,&nbsp;Yossi Yovel,&nbsp;Clarice A. Diebold,&nbsp;Hannah B. Tilley","doi":"10.1002/jez.2860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2860","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sleep is associated with many costs, but is also important to survival, with a lack of sleep impairing cognitive function and increasing mortality. Sleeping in groups could alleviate sleep-associated costs, or could introduce new costs if social sleeping disrupts sleep. Working with the Jamaican fruit bat (<i>Artibeus jamaicensis)</i>, we aimed to: (1) describe sleep architecture, (2) assess how sleeping in groups affects sleep, and (3) quantify total sleep time and identify rapid eye movement (REM) sleep using behavioral indicators that complement physiological evidence of sleep. Twenty-five adult bats were captured in Panama and recorded sleeping in an artificial roost enclosure. Three bats were fitted with an electromyograph and accelerometer and video recorded sleeping alone in controlled laboratory settings. The remaining 22 bats were assigned to differing social configurations (alone, dyad, triad, and tetrad) and video recorded sleeping in an outdoor flight cage. We found that sleep was highly variable among individuals (ranging from 2 h 53 min to 9 h 39 min over a 12-h period). Although we did not detect statistically significant effects and our sample size was limited, preliminary trends suggest that male bats may sleep longer than females, and individuals sleeping in groups may sleep longer than individuals sleeping alone. We also found a high correspondence between total sleep time quantified visually and quantified using actigraphy (with a 2-min immobility threshold) and identified physiological correlates of behaviorally-defined REM. These results serve as a starting point for future work on the ecology and evolution of sleep in bats and other wild mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"341 10","pages":"1097-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}