Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献

{"title":"Serotonin-Induced Sperm Hyper-Motility In Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Associates With K⁺ Efflux and Membrane Hyperpolarization.","authors":"Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi, Sepideh Barzegar-Fallah, Manabu Yoshida, Ian A E Butts, Makoto Osada","doi":"10.1002/jez.2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serotonin (5-HT) induces sperm hyper-motility in bivalves. This process has been suggested to be associated with K⁺ efflux due to higher concentrations of K⁺ ions in testicular fluid compared to that of seawater. This hypothesis was supported by inhibition of 5-HT-induced sperm hyper-motility in artificial seawater (ASW) containing high extracellular K⁺ ions or in the presence of a voltage-dependent K⁺ channel blocker (4-AP). Here, we studied changes of sperm membrane potential to elucidate 5-HT-induced sperm hyper-motility signaling in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Sperm motility was partially initiated (48.34 ± 7.80%) in ASW, and decreased at 5 min post-activation (p < 0.05). In the presence of 10^-5 M 5-HT, sperm motility was recorded 81.63 ± 3.55%, which remained unchanged within 60 min post-activation. After sperm activation in ASW with or without 5-HT, fluorescence intensity of membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent (DiSC₃(5)) was decreased to lower than that of the resting stage, indicating membrane hyperpolarization. Induction of membrane hyperpolarization, using valinomycin or in K⁺-free ASW (KF-ASW) could not trigger sperm hyper-motility, suggesting that hyperpolarization itself did not induce sperm hyper-motility. Next, we showed that membrane hyperpolarization was due to K⁺ efflux. The fluorescence intensity of DiSC₃(5) was increased in ASW or KF-ASW containing 4-AP, suggesting membrane depolarization due to inhibition of K⁺ efflux. The valinomycin-induced membrane hyperpolarization was changed to depolarization by subsequent additions of KCl, suggesting that changes in the electrochemical gradient of K⁺ ions resulted in the retention of intracellular K⁺ ions. Observed membrane depolarization in the presence of 4-AP or high K⁺ ions was associated with inhibition of 5-HT-induced sperm hyper-motility. Taken together, this study shows that 5-HT-induced sperm hyper-motility was associated with membrane hyperpolarization due to K⁺ efflux.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frogs in a Hurry: Morphological and Physiological Correlates of Inter-Site Movement Success in an Aquatic Invader.","authors":"Colin M Goodman, Katherine Buckman, Jeffrey E Hill, Steve A Johnson, Miguel A Acevedo, Christina M Romagosa","doi":"10.1002/jez.2923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Movement is a key driver of population dynamics. Movement ability and propensity often vary among populations and individuals. These differences may be particularly strong in aquatic species, where the ability to move within a site is not necessarily correlated to the ability to move between sites. In periods of range expansion, these differences can lead to non-equilibrium dynamics, whereby more mobile phenotypes arrange themselves spatially. This can be even more pronounced when dispersal success is nonrandom with respect to a heritable trait, thus acting as an agent of selection. This process-dubbed spatial sorting-can be particularly pronounced in non-native species, often hastening the speed of invasion spread. However, before spatial sorting occurring, there must first be individual differences in traits that confer greater movement success. Recently, a high-density breeding and expanding population of the non-native pipid frog, Xenopus tropicalis, in west-central Florida, offering a great opportunity to test whether movement success is predicted by individual differences in morphology or locomotor capacity. To test this, we compared the morphology, maximal exertion capacity, and jumping performance of movers and residents. We found that relative to residents, movers had longer hindlimbs, wider ilia, and traveled for greater time intervals before reaching exhaustion. These results suggest functional morphological and physiological traits are important in determining inter-site movement success.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetics of Osmoregulation: Organism-Level Comparison of the Osmotic Stress Response in Euryhaline Estuarine and Freshwater Palaemonids.","authors":"Claudia Bas, Guadalupe Vázquez, Pablo Ribeiro, Romina Ituarte","doi":"10.1002/jez.2920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ecophysiological profiles of decapods adapted to estuarine and freshwater environments are remarkably diverse, likely reflecting independent colonization processes. There are no clear patterns in the energy expenditure associated with inhabiting these environments or general physiological processes, such as nitrogenous waste production, water regulation, or responses to salinity changes. We compared energy expenditure, measured as oxygen consumption, total ammonia production, and muscle water content in two euryhaline shrimp species of the genus Palaemon: the estuarine P. macrodactylus and the freshwater P. argentinus, under normal conditions and after exposure to salinity changes over periods ranging from 6 hours to 3 weeks. We also assessed the behavior of both species along a salinity gradient to understand if behaviorally mediated salinity selection may play a role in tuning the energy balance. The oxygen consumption profiles differed between species, both under normal conditions and in response to salinity changes. The freshwater species exhibited lower and stable oxygen consumption. Both species tended to eliminate more ammonia immediately after being transferred from a concentrated to a more diluted condition. While the estuarine species maintained effective water content regulation, the freshwater species experienced immediate dehydration at high salinity and failed to recover over the long term. Freshwater species actively selected low salinity water, whereas the other showed no clear salinity preference. The results suggest that the observed differences in energy expenditure and volume regulation between species are related to full adaptation to freshwater. Behavior may act reinforcing the divergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyovulation in the South American Plains Vizcacha, Revisited: Coexistence of Spontaneous and Induced Ovulation.","authors":"Noelia P Leopardo, Pablo I F Inserra, Mariela Giacchino, Daira A Caram, Miguel A Willis, Alfredo D Vitullo","doi":"10.1002/jez.2921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is recognized as the mammalian species with the highest ovulation rate which can reach as many as 800 ova. This remarkable polyovulation phenomenon was first reported in the 1970s and has remained unchanged in its findings ever since. We conducted an extensive re-evaluation of ovulation in L. maximus by examining natural ovulation, ovulation induced through the administration of exogenous hormones and autologous seminal plasma, while also categorizing the morphological characteristics and maturation stages of the released ova. Our results confirm L. maximus as the foremost polyovulatory mammalian species, albeit with a mean of 154 ± 87, ranging from 29 to 326 oocytes per oestrous cycle. We observed the concurrent presence of spontaneous ovulation, serving as a mechanism to eliminate defective oocytes, alongside induced ovulation, referred to as \"euovulation,\" that promotes the release of cumulus-oocyte complexes suitable for fertilization. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of seminal plasma in the process of induced ovulation and show that the \"pseudovulation\" phenomenon occurring at mid-gestation, which contributes to the formation of secondary corpora lutea, does not entail the release of oocytes into the oviducts. Our analysis also revealed the presence of spontaneous parthenogenetic oocyte activation and subsequent development, which occurred both during oocyte release in the ovulatory phase and within unruptured follicles in the ovary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity, Biochemical Impact, and Bioinformatics Analysis of Jujube Oil on Culex pipiens Larvae.","authors":"Esraa Mansour, Iman M Elhussieny, Ahmed F Roumia, Hanaa Elbrense","doi":"10.1002/jez.2919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) are ubiquitous vectors of public health pathogens responsible for numerous human diseases. Consequently, their management is imperative. So, this study aimed to assess the susceptibility of third instar larvae of Cx. pipiens to distinct concentrations of jujube oil, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were determined. Also, the developmental duration of immatures, percentage of emerged adults, and the physiological responses at the sublethal concentration were recorded. GC-MS analysis was carried out to characterize the fractions of the jujube oil. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was utilized. The results showed that the third instar larvae were susceptible to jujube oil, with larval mortality escalating in correlation with increased oil concentration and exposure time. Sublethal exposure to the oil significantly prolonged the larval developmental duration from 11 days of control to 15 days of treated. Conversely, the percentage of the emerged adults were decreased from 88.89% in the control to 17.78%in the treated. The data also indicated that the treatment of the larvae with the sublethal concentration significantly decreased the activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S transferase, arginine kinase, cytochrome P450, and ecdysone. Conversely, the titers of catalase and 3-hydroxykynurenine were increased. The GC-MS analysis identified 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester as predominant components. Bioinformatics assessments indicated ecdysone, juvenile hormone, and tryptophan oxygenase showed the lowest binding affinity scores. In sum, this study supports the potential of jujube oil as an effective alternative botanical agent for control of Cx. pipiens larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Back Scent Gland Development and Reproductive Status in Male Brown Bears (Ursus arctos).","authors":"Jumpei Tomiyasu, Naoya Matsumoto, Katsushima Hinako, Asuka Nishijima, Kyogo Hagino, Hideyuki Sakamoto, Yojiro Yanagawa","doi":"10.1002/jez.2916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous scent glands secrete chemical signals for communication, a significant portion of which is to convey information about male reproductive status. This might be particularly important to animals with intraspecific variation in male reproductive activity, such as bears. Male brown bears mark trees with their scent secreted from back apocrine and sebaceous glands during the breeding season and thus might convey information about reproductive status. Therefore, we speculated that the development of scent glands in the back reflects reproductive performance. We investigated the effects of reproductive status on the development of scent glands in the back using contraception and explored relationships between reproductive parameters (testosterone levels, testis size, and spermatogenic scores) and the size of skin glands in the backs of intact male brown bears. During the breeding season, we sampled back and rump (control) skin, sperms by urethral catheterization, and blood under anesthesia from four male bears that were vaccinated with the contraceptive gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine and five others that were not (controls). The back sebaceous and apocrine glands were significantly smaller in bears vaccinated with than without GnRH vaccine, suggesting that these glands are associated with reproductive status. Testosterone levels were significantly and positively associated with the size of sebaceous glands, whereas none of the reproductive parameters were associated with the size of either sebaceous or apocrine glands. Mating opportunities increase testosterone production. The positive association between testosterone and sebaceous glands might mean that sebaceous glands in the back can secrete chemicals on demand for reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosterone and Mitochondrial Efficiency Are Associated With Changes in DNA Oxidative Damage During an Acute Stress Response in Leach's Storm-Petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous).","authors":"Kayla E Lichtner, Jack K Dziubek, Nicole A Joseph, Sarah E Chapman, Tori J Chace, Dongxiao Sun, Zachary T Bitzer, Antoine Stier, Robert A Mauck, Patricia L Jones, Mark F Haussmann","doi":"10.1002/jez.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of organisms to effectively respond to challenges is critical for survival. We investigated how an acute stressor affected corticosterone, mitochondrial function, and DNA oxidative damage in a wild population of Leach's storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous). We conducted a standardized 20-min handling procedure on storm-petrel chicks and collected baseline and post-handling blood samples. We measured plasma corticosterone and red blood cell DNA oxidative damage levels through the detection of a mutated DNA base 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In addition, we quantified six measures of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism from red blood cells. Overall, the handling stressor increased plasma corticosterone levels and decreased mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP. Although the increase in corticosterone was inversely related to the change in DNA oxidative damage, the decrease in mitochondrial efficiency was positively correlated with the change in DNA oxidative damage. Thus, over an acute stress response, individuals who had the largest increase in corticosterone also had the least amount of oxidative damage. In addition, individuals who prioritized ATP production during the acute stress also showed higher levels of oxidative damage. This work highlights the complex pathways by which corticosterone and mitochondrial efficiency affect oxidative damage during acute stress, providing new insights into the trade-offs underlying physiological responses in wild animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Temperature Acclimation and Dietary Fatty Acids on Metabolic Rate and Body Composition of Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata).","authors":"Michael J Campbell, Gabriela F Mastromonaco, Gary Burness","doi":"10.1002/jez.2915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is contributing to geographic range shifts in many bird species, with possible exposure to novel diets. How individuals respond physiologically across chronic time frames to the interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature has been little explored. We acclimated zebra finches to either cool (20°C-24°C) or thermoneutral (35°C) temperatures over 6 months and provided them with diets enriched in either unsaturated or saturated fatty acids. We measured body mass throughout the study, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Individuals held in cool conditions and fed a diet enriched with unsaturated fatty acids lost mass relative to the other groups, and after 6 months were of similar mass to individuals maintained at thermoneutrality. Chronic exposure to cool conditions increased BMR and the mass of the pectoral muscle and visceral organs. However, we could detect no long-term effect of diet on any physiological parameter. Our results contrast with those of birds studied over acute time frames, in which diet and temperature interact to determine energy expenditure. Over chronic time frames individuals appear to reach a new steady-state, with long-term physiological responses driven primarily by thermoregulatory responses to environmental temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Aerodigestive Responses to Varying Nipple Properties in Infant Pigs.","authors":"François D H Gould, Christopher Mayerl, Khaled Adjerid, Jessica Reibel, Nichole Charles, Chloe Edmonds, Rebecca Z German","doi":"10.1002/jez.2914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coordination of respiration and swallowing is critical for survival in infant mammals and changes throughout infant maturation. Infants show sensorimotor feeding responses to changes in physical properties of nipples. Commercial nipples are promoted as improving aerodigestive coordination. However, it is unknown how nipple properties influence coordination of respiration and swallowing. Furthermore, how infant-nipple interactions change throughout maturation is not well understood. We designed and manufactured four silicone nipples of the same shape that varied in two parameters: nipple opening diameter and nipple stiffness. We used our validated infant pig model to test the impact of nipple parameters on aerodigestive coordination throughout ontogeny. We recorded videofluoroscopy and simultaneous chest plethysmography on six infant pigs at age 7 and 17 days when feeding on each of the four nipples presented in a randomized order. We measured the time between a swallow and the closest inspiration, and the length of the respiratory cycles during feeding. Larger nipple opening diameter resulted in shorter delay between swallow and onset of inspiration regardless of stiffness or pig age. In young pigs, respiratory cycle length was shorter when feeding on nipples with large diameter openings. In older pigs, there was a nipple-stiffness interaction such that respiratory cycle length increased with opening diameter in soft nipples but decreased with opening diameter in hard nipples. Nipple opening diameter has a pervasive effect on swallow-breathing coordination in freely feeding infants, but infant maturation modifies responses to nipple properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-Citrulline Alleviates Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Modulating eNOS/iNOS Induced Nitric Oxide Production, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.","authors":"Eman M Embaby, Aya Megahed, Sally Abdallah Mostafa, Alaa Samy, Eman H Yousef, Amal F Dawood, Mamdouh Eldesoqui","doi":"10.1002/jez.2913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury (TI/RI) is a significant clinical contributor to subfertility and infertility resulting from testicular torsion and subsequent detortion. Insufficient nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in TI/RI can result in endothelial dysfunction, as the vascular endothelium fails to produce sufficient NO to sustain appropriate vasodilation and blood perfusion. Many studies have found that NO plays an important role in the I/RI and its increase or decrease can affect the progression and outcome of I/RI. However, the role of NO in I/RI is controversial and complicated. NO derived by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) shows a protective role in I/RI, while excessive NO derived by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) accelerates inflammation and increases oxidative stress, further aggravating I/RI. Nevertheless, the overexpression of eNOS may exacerbate I/RI. Here we try to investigate the new progress in the understanding of the roles of NO during I/RI. This study examined the interplay between cytotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms underpinning NO produced from L-citrulline (L-Cit) on TI/R injured rats. Thirty-two adult Sprague-Dawley albino rats were equally randomized into the following groups: normal control group, sham group, TI/R group (3 h/4 h), and TI/R + L-Cit group (600 mg/kg) orally at 1 h before reperfusion. Compared to the TI/R-operated group, the injection of L-Cit markedly enhanced serum concentrations of reproductive hormones (p < 0.05). Elevated SOD, CAT, and GPx activity, along with reduced MDA and NO concentrations, indicated a diminished oxidative stress. The testicular levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase-3, BAX, eNOS, iNOS, and NF-κB p65 were markedly reduced. Histopathological analysis corroborated the protective effect of L-Cit. The findings confirmed molecular models, demonstrating that L-Cit inhibited eNOS, iNOS, and IKKβ. The results showed that giving torsioned rats NO made from L-Cit protected them against hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in I/RI. This makes L-Cit even more important for protecting against tissue I/RI during surgery. L-Cit not only promoted NO synthesis through eNOS activation, but it also facilitated the neutralization of iNOS production and its pathogenic NO levels during the reperfusion phase in I/R-injured rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}