Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献

{"title":"Repeated Experimental Cold Exposure During Early Life Affects Several Metrics of Success but not Telomeres in a Common Songbird.","authors":"Anuj Ghimire, Rebecca C Young, David F Westneat, Britt J Heidinger","doi":"10.1002/jez.2927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is increasing temperature variability and exposure to extreme temperature events, including cold snaps. Although there is evidence that exposure to cooler developmental temperature can have widespread phenotypic consequences, the degree to which temperature exposures might interact across developmental stages to affect offspring is poorly understood. Here we experimentally exposed free-living house sparrows to repeated bouts of parental absence, which cooled embryos and both cooled and deprived nestlings in a crossed design and examined the effects on growth, body mass, telomeres, and survival. We found that exposure to cooler temperatures during embryonic development had several negative consequences including extending incubation and reducing hatching success and body mass of recent hatchlings. However, there were no significant effects on telomeres. There were also no main effects of cooling and short-term food deprivation during post-hatching development or interactions across developmental stages on any developmental outcomes including telomeres. Taken together, these results suggest that some developmental stages and traits are more sensitive to repeated cooling than others. In songbirds, offspring may be more sensitive to repeated cooling at earlier life stages and telomeres may be largely resilient to these developmental insults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Softening and Cross-Susceptibility: Exposure to Heat and Desiccation Reduces Future Stress Tolerance in an Insect","authors":"L. N. Harter,&nbsp;Z. R. Stahlschmidt","doi":"10.1002/jez.2928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2928","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency and duration of environmental stressors, such as heat waves and drought, will continue to grow due to ongoing climate change, thereby increasing the likelihood that organisms will experience stressors consecutively. Exposure to one stressor can improve or impair future tolerance to the same stressor (i.e., hardening or softening, respectively), or enhance or reduce future tolerance to a different stressor (i.e., cross-protection or cross-susceptibility, respectively). Understanding whether stress improves or impairs animals’ abilities to withstand future stressors is critical for determining the physiological sensitivity of animals to ongoing climate change. Here, we used a factorial design with the variable field cricket (<i>Gryllus lineaticeps</i>) to evaluate whether prior heat or desiccation stress influenced subsequent heat or dessication tolerance. Given the potential energetic costs of hardening and cross-protection, we further examined whether resource (food) acquisition promoted hardening and cross-susceptibility. Prior heat exposure reduced future heat tolerance (i.e., softening), and prior exposure to both heat and desiccation reduced future desiccation tolerance (i.e., softening and cross-susceptibility), potentially due to terminal reproductive investment. Further, resource acquisition (amount of body mass gained) did not influence stress tolerance because individuals that acquired more resources were not more likely to exhibit benefits (rather than costs) to their future stress tolerance. In sum, our results suggest the increasing frequency of climate-related stressors may pose a significant physiological risk to some animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"641-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach in Investigation the Chemotaxis Response of Mammalian Parasitic Nematode: In Vitro Study","authors":"Nahla A. Radwan,&nbsp;Walid Tawfik,&nbsp;Diaa Atta,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Ageba,&nbsp;Saly N. Salama,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Mohamed","doi":"10.1002/jez.2925","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemotaxis is the biologically intrinsic navigation towards or away from chemical stimuli. It is a crucial behavioral response for animals when interacting with their environment and a tool for locating sustenance, hosts, and other vital environmental signals. Prior research has predominantly concentrated on the chemotactic behaviors of free-living and entomopathogenic nematodes in response to volatile soil constituents. The present work conducts for the first time the chemotaxis assay of <i>Syphacia obvelata</i> (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) parasitizing the vertebrate cecum as an experimental model for detecting this behavior in parasitic nematodes. We tested two mouse biological samples, namely urine, and serum, as odorants to study the in vitro chemotactic behavior of <i>S. obvelata</i>. The experiments were conducted in triplicate groups of twenty-two worms for gradient dilutions between 10^-0, 10^-1, 10^-3, and 10^-5ml, using a semi-solid formula of agar (Brenner 1974; Stiernagle. 2006) as a nutrient surface medium for cultivation. The chemotaxis chamber and photography system were applied according to Hirotsu et al. 2015 with some modification to be convenient with the current experiment. The chemotaxis index is computed along with the cultivated worms’ mean number attracted toward or repulsed away from the odorants. The control groups included ten worms with an ablated olfactory sense organ (amphid) that was targeted using a 785 nm picosecond pulsed laser with a power of 10 mW and a confocal Raman microscope. dose-dependent chemotactic response to both urine and serum, with diluted concentrations (10⁻⁵) acting as attractants and undiluted forms acting as repellents. There is also a time-dependent enhancement of chemotaxis, with stronger positive responses at 60 min for both stimuli. Unexpectedly, the high concentration of anal gland secretion consistently repels worms, with stronger repulsion over time. This study advances our knowledge of the sensory mechanisms of Oxyuridae, life cycle navigation, and parameters that promote retro-infection. It also provides the first insight into the chemotactic behavior of these creatures. It also highlights the potential of laser microsurgery as a precise tool for investigating complex sensory systems in minute organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"650-663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Retention in Large Herbivores: Physiological Insights and Zoogeochemical Consequences","authors":"Andrew J. Abraham,&nbsp;Ethan S. Duvall,&nbsp;Christopher E. Doughty,&nbsp;Barbara Riond,&nbsp;Sylvia Ortmann,&nbsp;Melissa Terranova,&nbsp;Elizabeth le Roux,&nbsp;Marcus Clauss","doi":"10.1002/jez.2924","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The assimilation, retention, and release of nutrients by animals fundamentally shapes their physiology and contributions to ecological processes (e.g., zoogeochemistry). Yet, information on the transit of nutrients through the bodies of large mammals remains scarce. Here, we examined how sodium (Na), a key element for animal health and ecosystem functioning, travels differently through fecal and urinary systems of cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>) and horses (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>). We provided a large dose of Na and compared its timing of release in feces and urine to that of nonabsorbable markers. Na excretion by urine occurred approximately twice as fast as excretion by feces, yet both were shorter than indigestible particle markers. These differences correspond to rapid absorption of Na in the upper gastrointestinal tract and transport by blood to the kidneys (urine Na excretion) or resecretion of Na into the lower intestinal tract (fecal Na excretion). Interestingly, for cows, we found a second peak of Na excretion in urine and feces &gt; 96 h after dosage. This result may indicate that surplus Na can be rapidly absorbed and stored in specific body cells (e.g., skin), from which it is later released. Using a propagule dispersal model, we found that the distance of cattle- and horse-driven nutrient dispersal by urine was 31% and 36% less than the fecal pathway and 60% and 41% less than the particle marker pathway, which is commonly used to estimate nutrient dispersal. Future physiological and zoogeochemical studies should resolve different pathways of nutrient retention and release from large mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"664-676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin–Induced Sperm Hyper-Motility In Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Associates With K+ Efflux and Membrane Hyperpolarization","authors":"Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi,&nbsp;Sepideh Barzegar-Fallah,&nbsp;Manabu Yoshida,&nbsp;Ian A. E. Butts,&nbsp;Makoto Osada","doi":"10.1002/jez.2918","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2918","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serotonin (5-HT) induces sperm hyper-motility in bivalves. This process has been suggested to be associated with K⁺ efflux due to higher concentrations of K⁺ ions in testicular fluid compared to that of seawater. This hypothesis was supported by inhibition of 5-HT–induced sperm hyper-motility in artificial seawater (ASW) containing high extracellular K⁺ ions or in the presence of a voltage-dependent K⁺ channel blocker (4-AP). Here, we studied changes of sperm membrane potential to elucidate 5-HT–induced sperm hyper-motility signaling in Pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>). Sperm motility was partially initiated (48.34 ± 7.80%) in ASW, and decreased at 5 min post-activation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the presence of 10^–5 M 5-HT, sperm motility was recorded 81.63 ± 3.55%, which remained unchanged within 60 min post-activation. After sperm activation in ASW with or without 5-HT, fluorescence intensity of membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent (DiSC₃(5)) was decreased to lower than that of the resting stage, indicating membrane hyperpolarization. Induction of membrane hyperpolarization, using valinomycin or in K⁺-free ASW (KF-ASW) could not trigger sperm hyper-motility, suggesting that hyperpolarization itself did not induce sperm hyper-motility. Next, we showed that membrane hyperpolarization was due to K⁺ efflux. The fluorescence intensity of DiSC₃(5) was increased in ASW or KF-ASW containing 4-AP, suggesting membrane depolarization due to inhibition of K⁺ efflux. The valinomycin–induced membrane hyperpolarization was changed to depolarization by subsequent additions of KCl, suggesting that changes in the electrochemical gradient of K⁺ ions resulted in the retention of intracellular K⁺ ions. Observed membrane depolarization in the presence of 4-AP or high K⁺ ions was associated with inhibition of 5-HT–induced sperm hyper-motility. Taken together, this study shows that 5-HT–induced sperm hyper-motility was associated with membrane hyperpolarization due to K⁺ efflux.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"677-692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frogs in a Hurry: Morphological and Physiological Correlates of Inter-Site Movement Success in an Aquatic Invader","authors":"Colin M. Goodman,&nbsp;Katherine Buckman,&nbsp;Jeffrey E. Hill,&nbsp;Steve A. Johnson,&nbsp;Miguel A. Acevedo,&nbsp;Christina M. Romagosa","doi":"10.1002/jez.2923","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2923","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Movement is a key driver of population dynamics. Movement ability and propensity often vary among populations and individuals. These differences may be particularly strong in aquatic species, where the ability to move within a site is not necessarily correlated to the ability to move between sites. In periods of range expansion, these differences can lead to non-equilibrium dynamics, whereby more mobile phenotypes arrange themselves spatially. This can be even more pronounced when dispersal success is nonrandom with respect to a heritable trait, thus acting as an agent of selection. This process—dubbed spatial sorting—can be particularly pronounced in non-native species, often hastening the speed of invasion spread. However, before spatial sorting occurring, there must first be individual differences in traits that confer greater movement success. Recently, a high-density breeding and expanding population of the non-native pipid frog, <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i>, in west-central Florida, offering a great opportunity to test whether movement success is predicted by individual differences in morphology or locomotor capacity. To test this, we compared the morphology, maximal exertion capacity, and jumping performance of movers and residents. We found that relative to residents, movers had longer hindlimbs, wider ilia, and traveled for greater time intervals before reaching exhaustion. These results suggest functional morphological and physiological traits are important in determining inter-site movement success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"703-713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butorphanol or a Combination of Ketamine and Xylazine Do Not Interfere With Arrhythmogenic Parameters in Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Obtained Through High-Resolution Electrocardiogram","authors":"Charlys Rhands Coelho de Moura,&nbsp;Hermínio José da Rocha Neto,&nbsp;Regina Lucia dos Santos Silva,&nbsp;Nayla Maria da Silva Rezende Amorim,&nbsp;José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento,&nbsp;Miguel Ferreira Cavalcante Filho,&nbsp;Wanderson Gabriel Gomes de Melo,&nbsp;Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra,&nbsp;Maria Acelina Martins Carvalho,&nbsp;Napoleão Martins Argolo Neto","doi":"10.1002/jez.2922","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Introduction/Objectives: Agoutis is a medium-sized wild rodent with potential for use as an experimental model. This study aimed to evaluate physiological parameters of arrhythmogenesis in this species, by HR-ECG and VCG techniques, under physical and pharmacological containment (ketamine-xylazine and butorphanol). Materials and methods: Eight agouti in which the physiological parameters of arrhythmogenesis were evaluated by HR-ECG and VCG techniques, under physical and pharmacological containment. We evaluated cardiac and pulmonary foci sounds, made femoral pulse inspection, body score analysis, gestational evaluation, echocardiographic examination, blood pressure measurement, and conventional electrocardiography. Results: The non-sedated agoutis exhibited QRS duration of 93.25 ± 9.51, LAS &lt; 40 μV of 28.50 ± 4.65 and RMS of 93.50 ± 29.75. The value of QRS duration decreased in animals treated with ketamine-xylazine and increased in those receiving butorphanol. The non-sedated agoutis exhibited QRS duration of 93.25 ± 9.51, LAS &lt; 40 μV of 28.50 ± 4.65 and RMS of 93.50 ± 29.75. The value of QRS duration decreased in animals treated with ketamine-xylazine and increased in those receiving butorphanol. The sedation protocols did not cause alterations for LAS &lt; 40 μV and RMS. The sQRST value in non-sedated animals was 54.20° ± 43.63 and the administration of ketamine-xylazine increased this index to 102.87° ± 53.57, while butorphanol did not induce alteration. The mean systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures differed between physical and pharmacological restraints. Both pharmacological constraints reduced the blood pressure of the agoutis, analogously and mildly. Conclusion: The adoption of sedation protocols using the ketamine-xylazine association and butorphanol did not interfere with HR-ECG values and exhibited minimal VCG data and blood pressure changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"693-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetics of Osmoregulation: Organism-Level Comparison of the Osmotic Stress Response in Euryhaline Estuarine and Freshwater Palaemonids","authors":"Claudia Bas,&nbsp;Guadalupe Vázquez,&nbsp;Pablo Ribeiro,&nbsp;Romina Ituarte","doi":"10.1002/jez.2920","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2920","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ecophysiological profiles of decapods adapted to estuarine and freshwater environments are remarkably diverse, likely reflecting independent colonization processes. There are no clear patterns in the energy expenditure associated with inhabiting these environments or general physiological processes, such as nitrogenous waste production, water regulation, or responses to salinity changes. We compared energy expenditure, measured as oxygen consumption, total ammonia production, and muscle water content in two euryhaline shrimp species of the genus Palaemon: the estuarine <i>P. macrodactylus</i> and the freshwater <i>P. argentinus</i>, under normal conditions and after exposure to salinity changes over periods ranging from 6 hours to 3 weeks. We also assessed the behavior of both species along a salinity gradient to understand if behaviorally mediated salinity selection may play a role in tuning the energy balance. The oxygen consumption profiles differed between species, both under normal conditions and in response to salinity changes. The freshwater species exhibited lower and stable oxygen consumption. Both species tended to eliminate more ammonia immediately after being transferred from a concentrated to a more diluted condition. While the estuarine species maintained effective water content regulation, the freshwater species experienced immediate dehydration at high salinity and failed to recover over the long term. Freshwater species actively selected low salinity water, whereas the other showed no clear salinity preference. The results suggest that the observed differences in energy expenditure and volume regulation between species are related to full adaptation to freshwater. Behavior may act reinforcing the divergence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"714-723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyovulation in the South American Plains Vizcacha, Revisited: Coexistence of Spontaneous and Induced Ovulation","authors":"Noelia P. Leopardo,&nbsp;Pablo I. F. Inserra,&nbsp;Mariela Giacchino,&nbsp;Daira A. Caram,&nbsp;Miguel A. Willis,&nbsp;Alfredo D. Vitullo","doi":"10.1002/jez.2921","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2921","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The South American plains vizcacha, <i>Lagostomus maximus</i>, is recognized as the mammalian species with the highest ovulation rate which can reach as many as 800 ova. This remarkable polyovulation phenomenon was first reported in the 1970s and has remained unchanged in its findings ever since. We conducted an extensive re-evaluation of ovulation in <i>L. maximus</i> by examining natural ovulation, ovulation induced through the administration of exogenous hormones and autologous seminal plasma, while also categorizing the morphological characteristics and maturation stages of the released ova. Our results confirm <i>L. maximus</i> as the foremost polyovulatory mammalian species, albeit with a mean of 154 ± 87, ranging from 29 to 326 oocytes per oestrous cycle. We observed the concurrent presence of spontaneous ovulation, serving as a mechanism to eliminate defective oocytes, alongside induced ovulation, referred to as “euovulation,” that promotes the release of cumulus-oocyte complexes suitable for fertilization. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of seminal plasma in the process of induced ovulation and show that the “pseudovulation” phenomenon occurring at mid-gestation, which contributes to the formation of secondary corpora lutea, does not entail the release of oocytes into the oviducts. Our analysis also revealed the presence of spontaneous parthenogenetic oocyte activation and subsequent development, which occurred both during oocyte release in the ovulatory phase and within unruptured follicles in the ovary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 6","pages":"724-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity, Biochemical Impact, and Bioinformatics Analysis of Jujube Oil on Culex pipiens Larvae","authors":"Esraa Mansour,&nbsp;Iman M. Elhussieny,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Roumia,&nbsp;Hanaa Elbrense","doi":"10.1002/jez.2919","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2919","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Culex pipiens</i> (<i>Cx. pipiens</i>) are ubiquitous vectors of public health pathogens responsible for numerous human diseases. Consequently, their management is imperative. So, this study aimed to assess the susceptibility of third instar larvae of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> to distinct concentrations of jujube oil, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were determined. Also, the developmental duration of immatures, percentage of emerged adults, and the physiological responses at the sublethal concentration were recorded. GC–MS analysis was carried out to characterize the fractions of the jujube oil. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was utilized. The results showed that the third instar larvae were susceptible to jujube oil, with larval mortality escalating in correlation with increased oil concentration and exposure time. Sublethal exposure to the oil significantly prolonged the larval developmental duration from 11 days of control to 15 days of treated. Conversely, the percentage of the emerged adults were decreased from 88.89% in the control to 17.78%in the treated. The data also indicated that the treatment of the larvae with the sublethal concentration significantly decreased the activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S transferase, arginine kinase, cytochrome P450, and ecdysone. Conversely, the titers of catalase and 3-hydroxykynurenine were increased. The GC–MS analysis identified 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester as predominant components. Bioinformatics assessments indicated ecdysone, juvenile hormone, and tryptophan oxygenase showed the lowest binding affinity scores. In sum, this study supports the potential of jujube oil as an effective alternative botanical agent for control of <i>Cx. pipiens</i> larvae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 7","pages":"745-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}