Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology最新文献

{"title":"The Nematocidal Effect of Leiurus quinquestratus Scorpion Venom on Toxocara canis in Mice Model","authors":"Wesam M. Salama,&nbsp;Rasha A. Elmahy","doi":"10.1002/jez.2893","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2893","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One neglected zoonotic illness is toxocariasis. There are not enough anthelmintic drugs in the market to treat low-effectiveness toxocariasis against migrating larvae. Therefore, it is critical to find new, safe alternatives to toxocariasis treatment today. The venom of the <i>Leiurus quinquestratus</i> scorpion (LQV) has numerous medicinal uses. The purpose of this study was to conduct that LQV had an effect on <i>T. canis</i> larvae in the model of mice. Fifty male mice were divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 10). Group 1 (Gp1) was the negative group, and from Gp2-Gp5 had been infected with 800–1000 <i>T. canis</i> embryonated eggs. Gp2 was left as positive control, Gp3 was orally administrated with albendazole (Alb) (100 mg/kg/b.wt) for 7 consecutive days at first day post infection (pi), Gp4 was injected intra-peritoneal (i.p) with LQV (0.03 mg/kg/b.wt) for 15 consecutive days at the first day pi, and Gp5 was given Alb/LQV in the same way and doses as Gp3 and Gp4. At the end of the experiment, at 30th pi, the blood samples were collected for evaluating the biochemical and hematological parameters. The larval count reduction in brain were evaluated, and the histopathological changes in brain and liver were detected. The results showed that, treatment with LQV or Alb/LQV combinations significantly reduced the larval burden in the brain of the infected mice with reduction percentage reached to 70, and 72%, respectively. Interestingly, LQV and Alb/LQV significantly reduced IL-4, IL-10, and TNF –α levels and increased IFN-γ levels. Also, improved the liver transaminases activity, and ameliorated liver and brain architecture. Collectively, LQV may be a promising treatment for <i>T. canis</i> infection and albendazole alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 3","pages":"343-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Hunger: A Connection Between Diet and Gonadal Development of a Ladybird Beetle","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar,&nbsp;Deeksha Jattan,&nbsp;Tripti Yadav,&nbsp;Geetanjali Mishra,&nbsp; Omkar","doi":"10.1002/jez.2888","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2888","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food availability shapes morphology, physiology, growth, reproduction, and overall fitness of insects. Countless research in coccinellids reported the effect of diet in terms of quality and quantity on reproductive output. But fewer studies have reported the direct effects of food on the gonadal development in both sexes. In nature, ladybird beetle <i>Cheilomenes sexmaculata</i> exhibit food preference, favouring <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (nutritious prey) over <i>Aphis nerii</i> (poor prey). We hypothesized that beetles consuming nutritious prey in abundant quantity will have larger and heavier gonads. The current study assessed the effect of food preferred and its fluctuations on the gonadal development of <i>C. sexmaculata</i>. First instars were collected randomly from experimental stock and reared on two different diet regimes for a lifetime. After eclosion, beetles from each dietary regime were dissected daily to assess gonadal development until maturity. Here, we documented total developmental duration, body weight, weight of gonads, GSI, total area of gonads, length, and number of testicular lobules/ovarioles across different treatments. Both quality and quantity of diet significantly affected development period, body weight, and gonadal parameters in both sexes except for GSI in males and number of ovarioles in females that reared on varied diet quality, which were found to be similar. <i>Aphis craccivora</i> in abundant supply positively affected the growth and development of the gonads in <i>C. sexmaculata</i>. Beetles reared on the abundant supply of nutritious prey with larger and heavier gonads than those reared on limited supply or poor prey. This study improves our understanding of the development of gonads in ladybird beetles, which may be helpful in improving the mass rearing of ladybird beetles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 3","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Day Late, Dollar Short: Runts of Asynchronously Hatched Songbird Broods Have Reduced Survival, Body Size, and Persistent Energy Deficits","authors":"Keegan R. Stansberry,&nbsp;Tosha R. Kelly,&nbsp;Kaitlin E. Couvillion,&nbsp;Allison L. Cannon,&nbsp;Melanie G. Kimball,&nbsp;Hallie B. Callegan,&nbsp;Kevin J. Krajcir,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Kittilson,&nbsp;Britt J. Heidinger,&nbsp;Christine R. Lattin","doi":"10.1002/jez.2892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many songbirds begin active incubation after laying their penultimate egg, resulting in synchronous hatching of the clutch except for a last-hatched individual (“runt”) that hatches with a size deficit and competitive disadvantage to siblings when begging for food. However, climate change may elevate temperatures and cause environmental incubation as eggs are laid, resulting in asynchronous hatching and larger size hierarchies among siblings. Although previous work demonstrated that asynchronous hatching reduces nestling growth and survival relative to synchrony, the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. To test the effects of asynchronous hatching on runt growth, survival, physiology, and compensatory growth-related tradeoffs, we manipulated incubation temperature in nest boxes of European starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) to increase asynchronous hatching and collected nestling morphological measurements and blood samples to assess physiology and development. Independent of heating treatment, runts from asynchronously hatched nests had lower survival than runts from more synchronous nests. Surviving runts from asynchronous nests were smaller and had reduced stress-induced corticosterone concentrations and reduced circulating glucose compared with runts from synchronous nests. Despite persistent size and energy deficits, runts from asynchronous nests did not have significant deficits in immunity or telomere length when compared with runts from synchronous nests, suggesting no trade-off between investment in immune development or telomere maintenance with growth. Overall, these results suggest that increased asynchrony due to climate change could reduce clutch survival for altricial songbirds, especially for the smallest chicks in a clutch, and that the negative effects of asynchrony may be driven by persistent energetic deficits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 3","pages":"319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Effects of Salinity on the Osmotic Properties and Oxidative Stress Responses of the Razor Clam Solen regularis in Don Hoi Lot, Thailand","authors":"Sappasith Dechkittithum,&nbsp;Kannapoj Techawongstien,&nbsp;Juthamas Phothakwanpracha,&nbsp;Phurich Boonsanit,&nbsp;Supanut Pairohakul","doi":"10.1002/jez.2887","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2887","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Estuaries are diverse coastal ecosystems that act as transitional zones between freshwater and seawater. The Don Hoi Lot tidal flat, located in the upper Gulf of Thailand, is one of Thailand's most important estuarine ecosystems. Nonetheless, the Don Hoi Lot area faces increasing environmental pressures due to human activities and natural changes. One of the most prominent species well-known in this area is the razor clam <i>Solen regularis</i>. This study investigated the effects of salinity fluctuations on the osmotic properties and antioxidant enzyme activities of the five tissues: foot, mantle, adductor muscle, gill, and digestive gland from the razor clam <i>S. regularis</i> collected from the Don Hoi Lot tidal flat. Razor clams were exposed to a range of salinity levels (0–35 PSU) for 7 days. The results indicated that the hemolymph osmolality of <i>S. regularis</i> increased with increasing salinity, demonstrating an osmoconforming pattern. Salinity changes significantly affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in various tissues. In most tissues, SOD and CAT activities increased at higher salinities (30–35 PSU), while GPX activity generally increased across all tissues with increasing salinity. GST activity was not significantly affected by salinity changes. These findings suggest that <i>S. regularis</i> can activate antioxidant defense systems to reduce oxidative stress caused by salinity fluctuations. This study provides valuable insights into the physiological responses of <i>S. regularis</i> to environmental salinity changes, which can inform conservation efforts for this ecologically important species in estuarine ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"302-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gehyra Geckos Prioritize Warm Over Humid Environments","authors":"Kade Skelton,&nbsp;Kimberley Day,&nbsp;Chava L. Weitzman,&nbsp;Christine Schlesinger,&nbsp;Craig Moritz,&nbsp;Keith Christian","doi":"10.1002/jez.2890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maintaining stable hydric and thermal states are dual challenges for reptiles that inhabit terrestrial environments with variable conditions across time and space. Under some conditions, reptiles face a conundrum where both physiological parameters cannot be simultaneously maintained at preferred levels by behavioral or physiological means. Prioritization of behavioral regulation of hydric or thermal state, and at which point this prioritization changes, was tested for nine species of congeneric tropical geckos by assessing their use of microhabitats with distinct thermal and hydric conditions in a controlled environment. <i>Gehyra</i> geckos were presented with two crevices of contrasting humidity levels, and time spent in either crevice was recorded across three ambient temperature treatments of 32°C, 27°C, and 22°C. Temperatures in the humid crevice matched ambient air temperature, whereas temperature in the dry crevice was maintained at 32°C. In these trials, all species showed greater use of the dry (and warm) crevice in the 27°C and 22°C treatments, while there was no strong preference for the humid or dry crevice in the 32°C treatment. Thus, <i>Gehyra</i> geckos prioritized thermoregulation and maintained thermal state through behavioral responses, and humid microhabitats were not selected even when it did not compromise the animal's thermal state. Although selection for preferred thermal conditions was prioritized in the short term, this does not preclude the possibility that hydric state can be regulated on a seasonal time scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"294-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142836928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Curious Case of Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874): Reproductive Biology of a Widespread Endemic Littoral Amphipod From Lake Baikal","authors":"Polina Drozdova,&nbsp;Zhanna Shatilina,&nbsp;Andrei Mutin,&nbsp;Alexandra Saranchina,&nbsp;Anton Gurkov,&nbsp;Maxim Timofeyev","doi":"10.1002/jez.2891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparative studies of reproductive biology and formation of reproductive isolation need appropriate model systems, such as groups of related species. The amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of ancient Lake Baikal are an attractive group for such works, as they consist of several hundred species that radiated within the lake and have very different levels of intraspecific genetic diversity and reproduction timing. We have previously shown that one of the most widely distributed and best studied littoral species, <i>Eulimnogammarus verrucosus</i> (Gersfeldt, 1858), comprises cryptic species exhibiting a post-zygotic reproductive barrier. The object of this study was <i>Eulimnogammarus cyaneus</i> (Dybowsky, 1874), another widespread endemic littoral Baikal species, which has a surprisingly low genetic diversity within its large geographic range. The aim of this study was to check if the populations isolated by the Angara River source, which is approximately 120-thousand years old, are reproductively compatible. As neither prezygotic nor postzygotic barriers were found, at the moment these populations should be treated as belonging to a single species. At the same time, we found some noteworthy features of reproduction of <i>E. cyaneus</i>. They include successive reproductive cycles with amplexuses formed by females with juveniles in the brood pouch and deposition of unfertilized eggs by females. The former might mean that this species is a relatively promising object for a laboratory culture of Baikal amphipods. Taken together, these results contribute to the establishment of a research framework to look for the correlation between genetic divergence and biological species delimitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal mRNA Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Lizard Brain","authors":"Taylor L. Grossen,&nbsp;Alexus Bunnam,&nbsp;Rachel E. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/jez.2889","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonally breeding animals undergo physiological and behavioral changes to time reproduction to occur during specific seasons. These changes are regulated by changing environmental conditions, which may be communicated to the brain using the central circadian clock. This clock consists of a daily oscillation in the expression of several core genes, including <i>period</i> (<i>per</i>), <i>cryptochrome</i> (<i>cry</i>), <i>circadian locomotor output cycles kaput</i> (<i>clock</i>), and <i>basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1</i> (<i>bmal1</i>). We began to examine seasonal regulation of four core circadian clock genes in a dissection of the reptile brain containing the hypothalamus—<i>per1, cry1, bmal1 and clock</i>. Our study focused on examining mRNA expression in the morning and compared levels between breeding and nonbreeding animals. We found that <i>per1</i> and <i>bmal1</i> mRNA expression was highest in the nonbreeding compared to breeding season in the anole hypothalamus. We also found that <i>cry1</i> mRNA expression was higher in the female compared to the male anole hypothalamus. We found support for the idea that core circadian genes play a role in regulating changes between the seasons and/or sexes, although more work is needed to elucidate what processes might be differentially regulated. To our knowledge, this is the first examination of the expression of these four genes in the reptilian brain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to Piscivory Seen Through Brain Transcriptomics in a Juvenile Percid Fish: Complex Interplay of Differential Gene Transcription, Alternative Splicing, and ncRNA Activity","authors":"Radka Symonová,&nbsp;Tomáš Jůza,&nbsp;Million Tesfaye,&nbsp;Marek Brabec,&nbsp;Daniel Bartoň,&nbsp;Petr Blabolil,&nbsp;Vladislav Draštík,&nbsp;Luboš Kočvara,&nbsp;Milan Muška,&nbsp;Marie Prchalová,&nbsp;Milan Říha,&nbsp;Marek Šmejkal,&nbsp;Allan T. Souza,&nbsp;Zuzana Sajdlová,&nbsp;Michal Tušer,&nbsp;Mojmír Vašek,&nbsp;Cene Skubic,&nbsp;Jakub Brabec,&nbsp;Jan Kubečka","doi":"10.1002/jez.2886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pikeperch (<i>Sander Lucioperca</i>) belongs to main predatory fish species in freshwater bodies throughout Europe playing the key role by reducing planktivorous fish abundance. Two size classes of the young-of-the-year (YOY) pikeperch are known in Europe and North America. Our long-term fish survey elucidates late-summer size distribution of YOY pikeperch in the Lipno Reservoir (Czechia) and recognizes two distinct subcohorts: smaller pelagic planktivores heavily outnumber larger demersal piscivores. To explore molecular mechanisms accompanying the switch from planktivory to piscivory, we compared brain transcriptomes of both subcohorts and identified 148 differentially transcribed genes. The pathway enrichment analyses identified the piscivorous phase to be associated with genes involved in collagen and extracellular matrix generation with numerous Gene Ontology (GO), while the planktivorous phase was associated with genes for non-muscle-myosins (NMM) with less GO terms. Transcripts further upregulated in planktivores from the periphery of the NMM network were <i>Pmchl</i>, <i>Pomcl</i>, and <i>Pyyb</i>, all involved also in appetite control and producing (an)orexigenic neuropeptides. Noncoding RNAs were upregulated in transcriptomes of planktivores including three transcripts of snoRNA U85. Thirty genes mostly functionally unrelated to those differentially transcribed were alternatively spliced between the subcohorts. Our results indicate planktivores as potentially driven by voracity to initiate the switch to piscivory, while piscivores undergo a dynamic brain development. We propose a spatiotemporal spreading of juvenile development over a longer period and larger spatial scales through developmental plasticity as an adaptation to exploiting all types of resources and decreasing the intraspecific competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"257-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.2886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Insect Hormones in Different Types of Diapause in Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe)","authors":"Aditya K. Tanwar,&nbsp;Mukesh K. Dhillon,&nbsp;Neha Trivedi,&nbsp;Fazil Hasan,&nbsp;Jagbir S. Kirti","doi":"10.1002/jez.2883","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize stem borer, <i>Chilo partellus</i> (Swinhoe) is a key pest of maize and sorghum. It undergoes both in estivation and hibernation depending on prevailing environmental conditions. Present investigations were aimed to decipher the regulation of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) during different stages (prediapause, diapause and post-diapause/pupae) of hibernation and estivation as compared to counterpart nondiapause <i>C. partellus</i>. Significant variations were found in the ecdysone, 20E and JH III titers in the hemolymph of different stages of hibernation and estivation over the nondiapause <i>C. partellus</i>. At the prediapause stages of hibernation and estivation, the 20E was greater than the ecdysone. However, the ecdysone and 20E downregulated, while JH III upregulated during prediapause stages of hibernation and estivation as compared to nondiapause larvae. During diapause, 20E decreased in hibernation, and increased in estivation as compared to their respective prediapause stages. The JH III significantly upregulated in diapause stages of hibernation and estivation over the nondiapause larvae. However, it was significantly greater in prediapause and diapause stages of estivation as compared to hibernation strain. During post-diapause stage, the ecdysone and 20E titers were greater in estivation than in the hibernation and nondiapause strains, while JH III was greater in nondiapause than in the hibernation and estivation strains. These findings suggest the crucial role of these hormones in establishing switch between different stages of diapause and metamorphosis in <i>C. partellus</i>, which could further be useful to strategize sustainable management of <i>C. partellus</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Histological Studies of the Bronchial and Parabronchial System of the White Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)","authors":"Alaa Abd El Moneam,&nbsp;Ashraf El Sharaby,&nbsp;Asmaa Aboelnour,&nbsp;Mohamed M. A. Abumandour,&nbsp;Ahmed G. Nomir","doi":"10.1002/jez.2884","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.2884","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to provide comprehensive morphological features of the bronchial and parabronchial systems using cast, histological, histochemical, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, with new insights into the parabronchial topographic distribution system on <span>22</span> white Pekin ducks. Casting illustrated that the medioventral secondary bronchi (MVSB) were the largest, but the posterior (POSB) ones were the smallest. The primary (PB) and secondary bronchi (SB) were lined with thin pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium. PB contained discontinuous hyaline cartilage plates interconnected by a membrane of fibrous CT with chondrocytes, while SB had mucous glands. There were two types of hexagonal parabronchi with different lumen shapes: circular in neopulmonic and longitudinal in paleopulmonic. The parabronchi had numerous atria opened into the lumen and guarded by different directed muscles: horizontal in the neopulmonic and vertical or horizontal in the paleopulmonic. The atria were lined with squamous to cuboidal cells, forming the interatrial septum (IAS). A funnel atrial duct connecting the atrium to the infundibulum can be branched. The air capillaries were nearby, at a very short distance from the blood capillaries. Despite their small number, air capillaries, which were found in parabronchi, significantly increased in size and diameter. SEM at the 4th torus level showed a parabronchi distribution with elongated paleopulmonic on the dorsomedial part, hexagonal neopulmonic on the ventrolateral part, and some neopulmonic on the medial part. The parabronchial topography distribution exhibited their unique distribution from the 1st to the 6th torus level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15711,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology","volume":"343 2","pages":"220-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}