Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第7页

Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures. 智力上的谦逊会代际传递吗？检查亲子措施之间的关系。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001782

Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero

{"title":"Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures.","authors":"Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero","doi":"10.1037/xge0001782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001782","url":null,"abstract":"People vary drastically in their intellectual humility (i.e., their ability to recognize gaps in their knowledge). Little is known about how intellectual humility develops or why some children might demonstrate more intellectual humility than others. The present study examines the possibility of parent-to-child transmission of intellectual humility. Parents (N = 108; 88% college graduates; 56% with household income over $100,000) of children ages 7-10 completed two primary measures of intellectual humility: a self-report measure (i.e., the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale; Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016) and a behavioral measure (i.e., the Prompted Explanation Task; Mills, Danovitch, Mugambi, Sands, & Monroe, 2022), which measured how often parents referenced knowledge limits or how to handle uncertainty. Separately, children (N = 108; M = 8.2 years; 51% girls, 49% boys; 70% White; 86% non-Hispanic) completed a knowledge estimation task where they rated their ability to answer explanatory questions about animals and vehicles. Contrary to expectations, self-report and behavioral measures of intellectual humility in parents were not correlated. Moreover, parents who self-reported higher levels of intellectual humility had children who were less humble in their knowledge ratings. That said, consistent with predictions, parents who were less humble in the way they indicated knowledge gaps had children who were less humble in the way they assessed their knowledge. These findings support that there are links between parent and child intellectual humility, but the pattern may depend on how parent intellectual humility is measured. Implications for understanding the development of intellectual humility are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From "me" to "we": How perspective shifts in language can shape children's judgments about kindness, caring, and inclusivity. 从“我”到“我们”：语言视角的转变如何影响孩子对善良、关心和包容的判断。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001777

Ariana Orvell,Ella Simmons,Valerie Umscheid,Giulia Elli,Susan A Gelman

{"title":"From \"me\" to \"we\": How perspective shifts in language can shape children's judgments about kindness, caring, and inclusivity.","authors":"Ariana Orvell,Ella Simmons,Valerie Umscheid,Giulia Elli,Susan A Gelman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001777","url":null,"abstract":"Core to kindness, compassion, or consideration of others is the ability to move beyond one's own perspective to imagine how someone else would think or feel. We reasoned that subtle shifts in language may facilitate this process, hypothesizing that speakers who adopted a generalized perspective (generic you, we) versus an individual (me) or specific (another's name) perspective would be viewed by children as more kind, compassionate, and generous. We conducted three experiments with children 6-9 years of age (N = 376) as well as adults (reported in the Supplemental Materials; N = 781) to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, participants inferred that an adult speaker was more kind, compassionate, and generous when they used generic pronouns to frame a child's mistake (e.g., \"Sometimes you/we drop things\"). In Experiment 2, participants inferred that a child speaker was generous when the speaker used generic pronouns to describe classroom norms. In Experiment 3, participants made judgments about the group to which a speaker belonged, inferring that a child speaker was part of a cooperative, inclusive class when they used generic pronouns. In Experiments 2 and 3, results were stronger for we than generic you, a finding we discuss. Altogether, these results suggest that children and adults are attentive to subtle linguistic signals that convey a general, shared perspective, using them to draw inferences about how kind, compassionate, and considerate other people are, and the groups to which they belong. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking boundaries: The effects of counter-stereotypical sources on ingroup persuasion and outgroup dissuasion. 打破界限：反刻板印象来源对群体内说服和群体外劝阻的影响。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001762

Guilherme A Ramos,Yan Vieites,Eduardo B Andrade

{"title":"Breaking boundaries: The effects of counter-stereotypical sources on ingroup persuasion and outgroup dissuasion.","authors":"Guilherme A Ramos,Yan Vieites,Eduardo B Andrade","doi":"10.1037/xge0001762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001762","url":null,"abstract":"People tend to align their policy attitudes with the stereotypical attitudes of their political group (e.g., conservatives supporting gun rights, liberals supporting abortion rights). However, ingroups sometimes adopt positions that contradict such stereotypes (e.g., some liberals endorse gun rights, some conservatives endorse abortion rights). How does learning about these counter-stereotypical endorsements influence people's attitudes toward the policy? Do such endorsements persuade the ingroups to support the policy, dissuade outgroups, or both? In the latter case, are these effects symmetric or asymmetric in magnitude? Five experiments conducted in a highly polarized society (Brazil; N = 3,380) demonstrate that policy endorsements made from counter-stereotypical sources (i.e., individuals who support a policy that most of their ingroups are perceived to oppose) systematically persuade the source's ingroups and, to a lesser extent, dissuade outgroups-a pattern that reduces intergroup differences in policy attitudes. This phenomenon generalizes across a variety of policies (e.g., abortion, gun rights, welfare programs) and types of endorsers (e.g., political elites, regular citizens). Attitude change occurs even if beliefs about the societal benefits of the policy remain relatively stable but disappear when people are prompted to question the source's ingroup status. Source credibility, perceived ingroup norms, and perceived policy extremity help explain the persuasive effects of counter-stereotypical sources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Disentangling Dishonesty: An Empirical Investigation of the Nature of Lying and Cheating 补充材料解开不诚实：说谎和欺骗性质的实证调查

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001751.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Does Intellectual Humility Transmit Intergenerationally? Examining Relations Between Parent and Child Measures 智力上的谦逊会代际传递吗？检视家长与儿童措施之间的关系

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001782.supp

引用次数: 0

Sustained attentional state is a floodlight not a spotlight. 持续的注意力状态是照明灯而不是聚光灯。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001769

Anna Corriveau, Anthony R James, Megan T deBettencourt, Monica D Rosenberg

{"title":"Sustained attentional state is a floodlight not a spotlight.","authors":"Anna Corriveau, Anthony R James, Megan T deBettencourt, Monica D Rosenberg","doi":"10.1037/xge0001769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001769","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining attention to a task is essential for accomplishing it. However, attentional state fluctuates from moment to moment, and task-irrelevant information may compete for processing. What are the consequences of attentional fluctuations for what we remember? Do fluctuations in sustained attention vary the spotlight of selective attention, prioritizing task-relevant at the expense of task-irrelevant information? Or, are increases in a sustained attentional state akin to a floodlight, enhancing processing of all information, regardless of task relevance? In an online sample of 215 adults, participants were presented simultaneous streams of images and sounds and instructed to make responses based on only one modality. Afterward, recognition memory for both images and sounds was tested. Across individuals, we found no evidence of a trade-off between memory for task-relevant and task-irrelevant items. Within individuals, successful memory for a task-relevant item predicted successful memory for its task-irrelevant pair. Thus, the spotlight metaphor of attention does not extend to the dynamics of sustained attention. Rather, fluctuations in attention are more akin to a floodlight, affecting the processing of all task information, regardless of relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Experience Shapes the Granularity of Social Perception: Computational Insights Into Individual and Group-Based Representations 经验的补充材料形状的社会知觉的粒度：计算洞察到个人和群体为基础的表征

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001770.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Breaking Boundaries: The Effects of Counter-Stereotypical Sources on Ingroup Persuasion and Outgroup Dissuasion 打破界限：反刻板印象来源对群体内说服和群体外劝阻的影响

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001762.supp

引用次数: 0

Equitable burden-sharing in "take-one-for-the-team" situations: The role of coordination. “团队一人”情况下的公平负担分担：协调的作用。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001781

Yukari Jessica Tham,Yohsuke Ohtsubo,Takaaki Hashimoto,Kaori Karasawa

{"title":"Equitable burden-sharing in \"take-one-for-the-team\" situations: The role of coordination.","authors":"Yukari Jessica Tham,Yohsuke Ohtsubo,Takaaki Hashimoto,Kaori Karasawa","doi":"10.1037/xge0001781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001781","url":null,"abstract":"Groups frequently encounter situations where someone must \"take one for the team\"-that is, one member must undertake a task for the benefit of the group. When such tasks recur, how should the burdens be shared? This question becomes particularly complex when the cost of performing the task varies among members, creating a trade-off between efficiency and equity. For instance, always assigning the task to the member who can complete it at the lowest cost is efficient but inequitable. Our research examines how this trade-off is managed, using the framework of social dilemmas, specifically volunteer's dilemmas. Across three main experiments and three supplemental experiments (N = 1,789), we find that when participants imagine these situations, they prefer equitable (but inefficient) burden-sharing (Study 1). However, when they actually face these situations, their actions often deviate from this preference, with some members taking on more burdens than necessary to achieve equity (Study 2). Further investigation reveals that the main obstacle to equity is the difficulty of coordinating who takes on the task and when (Study 3). These findings contribute two key insights to research on fairness. First, they provide initial evidence that individuals tend to prefer equity when sharing indivisible burdens, contrasting with previous studies on distributive justice and social preferences, which have focused on divisible resources (e.g., money). Second, they highlight the critical role of coordination in achieving equitable burden-sharing-an aspect overlooked in prior research, which has focused on the role of coordination in group productivity rather than fairness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equitable burden-sharing in "take-one-for-the-team" situations: The role of coordination. “团队一人”情况下的公平负担分担：协调的作用。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001781

Yukari Jessica Tham, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Takaaki Hashimoto, Kaori Karasawa

{"title":"Equitable burden-sharing in \"take-one-for-the-team\" situations: The role of coordination.","authors":"Yukari Jessica Tham, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Takaaki Hashimoto, Kaori Karasawa","doi":"10.1037/xge0001781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001781","url":null,"abstract":"Groups frequently encounter situations where someone must \"take one for the team\"-that is, one member must undertake a task for the benefit of the group. When such tasks recur, how should the burdens be shared? This question becomes particularly complex when the cost of performing the task varies among members, creating a trade-off between efficiency and equity. For instance, always assigning the task to the member who can complete it at the lowest cost is efficient but inequitable. Our research examines how this trade-off is managed, using the framework of social dilemmas, specifically volunteer's dilemmas. Across three main experiments and three supplemental experiments (N = 1,789), we find that when participants imagine these situations, they prefer equitable (but inefficient) burden-sharing (Study 1). However, when they actually face these situations, their actions often deviate from this preference, with some members taking on more burdens than necessary to achieve equity (Study 2). Further investigation reveals that the main obstacle to equity is the difficulty of coordinating who takes on the task and when (Study 3). These findings contribute two key insights to research on fairness. First, they provide initial evidence that individuals tend to prefer equity when sharing indivisible burdens, contrasting with previous studies on distributive justice and social preferences, which have focused on divisible resources (e.g., money). Second, they highlight the critical role of coordination in achieving equitable burden-sharing-an aspect overlooked in prior research, which has focused on the role of coordination in group productivity rather than fairness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0