Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献

{"title":"Bridging Bayesian and representational theories of memory to predict memory bias.","authors":"Anxin Miao, Timothy F Brady, Maria M Robinson","doi":"10.1037/xge0001945","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how people integrate gist and item-specific information is central to explaining how memory changes over time. We examined how these representations interact in visual memory by integrating a Bayesian framework with representational models of individual item and gist memory and tested the model on its capacity to predict people's gist-based memory distortions. To this end, participants completed separate tasks designed to measure gist and item-specific memory. We used data from both tasks and independent measures of people's stimulus representations to quantify memory fidelity for individual items and gist. We then substituted these parameters into our model to generate predictions of people's memory errors in a third task where people's memory for individual items was biased by category-level structure. Our model predicted entire distributions of people's memory errors, including the magnitude and direction of memory biases, as well as fine-grained individual differences in people's error distributions, such as their skew and variance, at different offsets. Our findings highlight the power of combining normative Bayesian with algorithmic representational modeling approaches to understand how people integrate noisy memory representations at different levels of abstraction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Does One Person Make a Difference? Many–One Effects in Judgments of Prosocial Action","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001924.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001924.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for From Chunks to Schemas: Learning in the Hebb Repetition Paradigm","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001962.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001962.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for How Autobiographical Memory Serves Morality: Prevalence and Properties of Memories With Moral Content","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001954.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001954.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of False News Sharing: Which Interventions Work Best, for Whom, and Why","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001928.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001928.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Attributing Experts’ Achievements to Effort Rather Than to Natural Ability Leads to Better Performance","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001916.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001916.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of \"Dehumanization without antipathy: Subtle and blatant measures reveal a shared regulatory function,\" by Fincher et al. (2025).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001926","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001926","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reports the notice of retraction of \"Dehumanization without antipathy: Subtle and blatant measures reveal a shared regulatory function\" by Katrina M. Fincher, Asteya Percaya and Starlett Hartley (&lt;i&gt;Journal of Experimental Psychology: General&lt;/i&gt;, Advanced Online Publication, Oct 27, 2025, np; see record 2026-79271-001). A reader reported an error in the paper's reference list. Further inspection identified nine references with multiple other errors. In addition, errors in data processing and reporting were identified that affected the structure of the data and the resulting analyses, leading to changes in parameter estimates and the statistical significance of several reported effects. The article authors were made aware of these issues and confirmed errors in data analysis and in the reporting of the results as well as non-disclosed possible use of artificial intelligence tools in the generation of the reference list. The authors revised the analyses and updated the data and code that was posted to the online repository and drafted corrections to the paper. After reviewing the corrections, the Editor determined that the nature and scope of errors in the published paper were beyond what could be addressed with a correction notice. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2026-79271-001.) Dehumanization, the perception of others as less than fully human, is widely invoked in discourse on ethnopolitical conflict. Yet its validity as a psychological construct has come under growing scrutiny. Critics have questioned its divergent validity, arguing it may merely reflect interpersonal and intergroup bias, and its convergent validity, given the proliferation of diverse and potentially unrelated measures. The present research speaks to both concerns by leveraging the context of contagious disease, which introduces motivational conflict between recognizing others' humanity and managing personal risk. Because contagious disease threatens friends and family as much as strangers, this context provides a stringent test of whether dehumanization operates independently of prejudice. It also enables a test of functional convergence: whether diverse dehumanization measures respond in parallel to a shared motivational input. Findings from six studies (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 5,253) assessing four common operationalizations-blatant dehumanization, animalization, mechanization, and mind denial-support the construct's distinctiveness and its coherence. Contagion cues reliably elicited dehumanization, and this effect was not moderated by relational closeness: Perceived disease risk increased dehumanization equally for friends and family. Findings also support the construct's coherence: All four measures responded similarly to disease threat. Multilevel models treating the measure as a random effect revealed substantial shared variance across operationalizations. Together, these findings support the distinctiveness and coherence of psychological con","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 6","pages":"1511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How managers can unintentionally disadvantage employees with mental illness: An extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation perspective.","authors":"Tessa Neilson, Daniel L Brady, Laurie J Barclay","doi":"10.1037/xge0001925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive scholarly attention has focused on how employees with mental illness can face barriers in the workplace (e.g., stigmatizing perceptions, such as perceiving those with mental illness as incompetent, dangerous, or lacking resilience). Drawing on interpersonal emotion regulation motivation theory, we explore whether managers may unintentionally disadvantage employees with mental illness via interpersonal emotion regulation. Our general argument is that managers may perceive that employees with mental illness are less able to regulate negative emotions in challenging situations (e.g., receiving negative performance feedback). This can prompt managers to fear for their employees' well-being and engage in interpersonal emotional regulation by reducing the quality of negative performance feedback that they provide. We also examine whether activating a coaching motive (i.e., enhancing managers' awareness related to the importance of providing all employees with high-quality negative feedback) can overcome these effects. To empirically test our model, we develop and validate scales for our proposed mechanisms: perceived negative emotion regulation inability and fear for well-being. Using samples with managerial experience from the United States and Canada (N = 1,303), we test our hypotheses across three studies. Theoretical and practical implications include recognizing why and how employees with mental illness may face subtle disadvantages in the workplace due to interpersonal emotion regulation, understanding what motivates managers to engage in extrinsic interpersonal emotional regulation for employees with mental illness, and showcasing how reducing the subtle disadvantages employees with mental illness experience may be especially difficult. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 6","pages":"1422-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a mechanistic understanding of false news sharing: Which interventions work best, for whom, and why.","authors":"Anton Gollwitzer, Alan N Tump, Cameron Martel, Dominik Deffner, Mubashir Sultan, Ralf H J M Kurvers, Ralph Hertwig","doi":"10.1037/xge0001928","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>False news-given its capacity to distort public opinion and erode trust-has prompted extensive research on potential countermeasures. Yet, there has been no systematic, comparative, and computational investigation of false news sharing and how best to curb it. To address this gap, we apply a semi-integrative experimental approach that (a) compares multiple existing false news interventions, (b) examines how individual and news-level factors predict false news sharing and shape intervention efficacy, and (c) uses drift-diffusion modeling to uncover the decision-making processes underlying all these effects. We find warning labels and media literacy tips to substantially improve news-sharing quality, whereas social norm cues exert a comparatively modest effect, and accuracy prompts yield only subtle benefits. Although numerous individual factors (e.g., age, political conservatism, social media use) predicted news-sharing quality, the observed intervention effects remained broadly robust across these factors, proving effective even within at-risk populations. Intervention outcomes were likewise robust to news-level variation, such as the believability, sensationalism, and political congruence of news content. Despite this robustness, we find each intervention to operate via distinct decision-making pathways. Warning labels shift initial sharing intentions toward sharing higher quality news, whereas media literacy tips operate later, enhancing the processing of news content and increasing cautiousness before making sharing decisions. By applying a multicomponent experimental framework, this work clarifies the risk factors and decision-making processes driving false news sharing and pinpoints which interventions work best, how they operate at the process level, and in which contexts they should be most effective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 6","pages":"1550-1574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Representations of geometric shapes have syntactic structure\" by Revencu et al. (2026).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xge0001955","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xge0001955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports an error in \"Representations of geometric shapes have syntactic structure\" by Barbu Revencu, Maxence Pajot and Stanislas Dehaene (<i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: General</i>, 2026[Apr], Vol 155[4], 1081-1102; see record 2027-43747-005). The article \"Representations of Geometric Shapes Have Syntactic Structure\" by Barbu Revencu, Maxence Pajot, and Stanislas Dehaene (https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001890), is being made available open access under the CC BY license. The correct copyright is \"© 2026 The Author(s)\" and the CC-BY license disclaimer is below. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2027-43747-005.) Recent research suggests that humans use language-like mental representations for many classes of stimuli, from auditory sequences to visual shapes. However, evidence has been largely indirect, relying on stimulus complexity and compression as a proxy for internal representation. In this study, we probe the structure of geometric shape representations more directly. Instead of complexity measures, we rely on constituency tests similar to those used in linguistics and probe whether geometric shapes exhibit structural ambiguity, constituent subparts, and syntactic movement. Across three preregistered experiments (n = 136) using a rigorously controlled set of stimuli, we find robust evidence for tree structure in human adults' shape representations. First, the same shape can receive different structural representations depending on how a preceding animation organizes it. Second, subparts of shapes are easier to detect when they belong to the same subtree than when they span different subtrees. Third, shape fragments are easier to reconfigure the higher in the tree they are split. These results support the hypothesis that a geometric shape is internally represented as a hierarchical tree of constituents nested inside each other. Thus, while geometric shapes differ in many ways from natural-language sentences, they are nevertheless encoded by humans in a language-like representational format. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"155 6","pages":"1382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}