Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第8页

Double standards in judging collective action. 判断集体行动的双重标准。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001743

Nils K Reimer,Marija Branković,Iniobong Essien,Jin X Goh,Sébastien Goudeau,Nóra A Lantos,Jenny Veldman

{"title":"Double standards in judging collective action.","authors":"Nils K Reimer,Marija Branković,Iniobong Essien,Jin X Goh,Sébastien Goudeau,Nóra A Lantos,Jenny Veldman","doi":"10.1037/xge0001743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001743","url":null,"abstract":"Collective action is a powerful force driving social change but often sparks contention about what actions are acceptable means to effect social change. We investigated double standards in judging collective action-that is, whether observers judge the same protest actions to be more acceptable depending on who the protesters are and what they are protesting. In two studies, we used item response theory to develop an instrument of 25 controversial protest actions to measure where people draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable forms of collective action. In three preregistered experiments (N = 2,776), we found no consistent evidence for ingroup bias in terms of social class when judging protests for workers' rights (Experiment 1), in terms of race when judging protests for and against defunding the police (Experiment 2), and in terms of gender when judging protests for and against restricting abortion (Experiment 3). Instead, we found that progressive participants (Experiments 1-3) who rejected system-justifying beliefs (Experiments 1 and 2) considered the same protest actions more acceptable when a cause aligned with their ideological orientation (for workers' rights, for defunding the police, against restricting abortion) than when it did not (against defunding the police, for restricting abortion). Conservative participants considered the same actions somewhat more acceptable when protesters supported, rather than opposed, restricting abortion (Experiment 3) but considered all protest actions, for and against defunding the police, equally unacceptable (Experiment 2). Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for understanding the often-divided response to social movements. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typing in tandem: Language planning in multisentence text production is fundamentally parallel. 串联打字：多句子文本生产中的语言规划基本上是并行的。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001759

Jens Roeser,Rianne Conijn,Evgeny Chukharev,Gunn Helen Ofstad,Mark Torrance

{"title":"Typing in tandem: Language planning in multisentence text production is fundamentally parallel.","authors":"Jens Roeser,Rianne Conijn,Evgeny Chukharev,Gunn Helen Ofstad,Mark Torrance","doi":"10.1037/xge0001759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001759","url":null,"abstract":"Classical serial models view the process of producing a text as a chain of discrete pauses during which the next span of text is planned and bursts of activity during which this text is output onto the page or computer screen. In contrast, parallel models assume that by default planning of the next text unit is performed in parallel with previous execution. We instantiated these two views as Bayesian mixed-effects models across six sets of keystroke data from child and adult writers composing different types of multisentence text. We modeled interkey intervals with a single distribution, hypothesized by the serial processing account, and with a two-distribution mixture model that is hypothesized by the parallel processing account. We analyzed intervals occurring before sentence, before word, and within word. Model comparisons demonstrated strong evidence in favor of the parallel view across all data sets. When pausing occurred, sentence-initial interkeystroke intervals were longer than word-initial pauses. This is consistent with the idea that edges of larger linguistic units are associated with higher level planning. However, we found-across populations-that interkey intervals at word and even at sentence boundaries were often too brief to plausibly represent time to plan what was written next. Our results cannot be explained by the serial processing but are in line with the parallel view of multisentence text composition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Double Standards in Judging Collective Action 集体行动判定的双重标准补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001743.supp

引用次数: 0

Intra- versus interpersonal emotion regulation: Associations with affect, relationship quality and closeness, and biological markers of stress. 内部情绪调节与人际情绪调节：与情感、关系质量和亲密程度的关联，以及压力的生物学标记。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001757

Ashley M Battaglini,Bita Zareian,Joelle LeMoult

{"title":"Intra- versus interpersonal emotion regulation: Associations with affect, relationship quality and closeness, and biological markers of stress.","authors":"Ashley M Battaglini,Bita Zareian,Joelle LeMoult","doi":"10.1037/xge0001757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001757","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has focused on emotion regulation (ER) as an intrapersonal endeavor (managing one's own emotions), leaving many questions unanswered about interpersonal emotion regulation (IER; receiving support from another person to regulate one's emotions). This study sought to understand the effects of two common IER strategies (corumination, codistraction) by comparing them with each other and their intrapersonal counterparts (rumination, distraction) on negative and positive affect, relationship quality and closeness, and biological stress responses (i.e., cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase [sAA]). Participants completed the Fast Friends paradigm and then privately recalled a stressful event. Participants were then randomized into one of four ER groups: rumination, distraction, corumination, or codistraction. Affect, relationship quality, closeness, cortisol, and sAA were measured throughout the study session and during a 40-min post-ER recovery period. Interestingly, the ER groups differed in affect and biological recovery from stress, but not in relationship quality or closeness. Specifically, distraction facilitated the greatest decline in negative affect during the ER induction, but negative affect decline was greater in rumination and corumination than in distraction during the recovery period. Additionally, both IER groups showed increased sAA levels during the ER induction, but sAA levels showed a greater decline in the IER than in intrapersonal ER groups during the recovery period. This study highlights the nuanced effects of intrapersonal versus IER strategies and thus informs approaches to modulate negative affect and biological markers of stress when facing stressful events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An anger-based framework for understanding terrorism-driven "shifts to the right": How and why Islamist-focused threats produce narrow changes in political preferences. 理解恐怖主义驱动的“右倾”的基于愤怒的框架：以伊斯兰主义者为中心的威胁如何以及为什么会在政治偏好上产生狭隘的变化。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001737

Fade R Eadeh,Alan J Lambert

{"title":"An anger-based framework for understanding terrorism-driven \"shifts to the right\": How and why Islamist-focused threats produce narrow changes in political preferences.","authors":"Fade R Eadeh,Alan J Lambert","doi":"10.1037/xge0001737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001737","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorism represents one of the most commonly studied types of threat in the social and political psychology literature. Of particular note, many studies (along with national polls) have shown that the threat of Islamist fundamentalism increases the appeal of conservativism. However, there are some important-and unresolved-questions regarding these threat-driven \"shifts to the right.\" Our primary focus was on the role of emotion. Are these conservative shifts due to the activation of fear, as long assumed by researchers in this area? Or might other emotions, such as anger, play the more central role? We also sought additional clarity on the relative breadth of these ideological shifts. When such threats are salient, is their impact relatively narrow, that is, constrained to political preferences specifically linked to terrorism? Or do these effects generalize to relatively distal political preferences, such as those related to abortion or affirmative action? This article proposes and tests an integrative model stipulating that (a) anger plays the primary role in driving these shifts and that (b) these anger-driven shifts are relatively narrow. Across three experiments, two of which were preregistered (total N = 2,395), we found strong support for both predictions. We discuss the implications of these findings for several well-known models in the social and political psychology literature. Our work also considers contrasts between the dynamics triggered by these acts of terrorism and their relation to other threats, including environmental disasters as well as mass shootings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-task errors drive effort avoidance more than opportunity costs. 任务上的错误比机会成本更能推动努力规避。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001752

Jake R Embrey,Alice Mason,Chris Donkin,Ben R Newell

{"title":"On-task errors drive effort avoidance more than opportunity costs.","authors":"Jake R Embrey,Alice Mason,Chris Donkin,Ben R Newell","doi":"10.1037/xge0001752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001752","url":null,"abstract":"While trying to complete arduous tasks (e.g., emails, grading), our attention is often mired by the desire to disengage. Opportunity cost theories of mental effort argue that rather than our \"sense of effort\" being a cognitive limitation, it is an adaptive signal which repels us from unrewarding tasks toward worthwhile alternatives; in short, this signal ensures our cognitive resources are not spent on fruitless pursuits. The current work tests the primary predictions of the opportunity cost theory of effort: That our phenomenology during a cognitively demanding task (sense of effort and boredom), and subsequent on-task behavior (response times and accuracy), are affected by the value of the available alternatives. Over three experiments, manipulating both the extrinsic value (i.e., monetary reward) and intrinsic value of alternative tasks (i.e., how enjoyable the task is), we find no strong evidence in favor of opportunity cost theories. In Experiment 1, we observe no effect of the extrinsic value of an alternative on participants' subjective ratings or behavior during a primary task. In Experiments 2 and 3, while participants' subjective ratings of a primary task (e.g., sense of effort and boredom) may be affected by the intrinsic value of an alternative, we observe no commensurate changes in participants' performance, as measured by accuracy and response times. We explore the consequences of these results for theories of cognitive effort aversion and detail plausible alternative models, such as error aversion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The statistical reader: The role of orthographic regularities in reading. 统计阅读器：正字法规律在阅读中的作用。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001775

Noam Siegelman,Blair C Armstrong,Yaakov Raz,Ram Frost

{"title":"The statistical reader: The role of orthographic regularities in reading.","authors":"Noam Siegelman,Blair C Armstrong,Yaakov Raz,Ram Frost","doi":"10.1037/xge0001775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001775","url":null,"abstract":"Recent statistical learning views of reading posit that writing systems present to their readers a wide range of statistical regularities which are leveraged to process printed texts. While substantial research has focused on the \"vertical\" correlations between orthographic, phonological, and semantic units in a given writing system, here we employ information-theoretic measures to further consider \"horizontal\" regularities-the extent to which printed units predict and are predicted by other printed units, in one writing system compared to another. As a first step, we present a novel information-theoretic measure that captures how horizontal regularities constrain lexical access given the distribution of orthographic information in a writing system and considering realistic retinal and cognitive constraints. We then present a series of empirical studies serving as proof of concept, from both single-word reading experiments and analyses of eye movements during naturalistic reading, which examine how a reader who has internalized these regularities could leverage them for efficient uncertainty reduction regarding printed information while reading on-the-fly. Our findings converge on high-order general principles fleshed out in terms of explicit computational mechanisms that simultaneously apply to a wide range of writing systems and that can potentially explain behavioral outcomes across the trajectory of reading development and reading skill. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unifying scene-object congruency and incongruency benefits in object perception. 统一物体感知中的场景-物体一致性和不一致性优势。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001761

Zhou Su,Yuyang Qiu,Xiaowei Ding

{"title":"Unifying scene-object congruency and incongruency benefits in object perception.","authors":"Zhou Su,Yuyang Qiu,Xiaowei Ding","doi":"10.1037/xge0001761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001761","url":null,"abstract":"While the influence of scene-object semantic congruency on object perception is well established, the direction of the influence remains controversial. We address this issue by presenting an innovative approach that uses a vector-space semantic model to quantify scene-object congruency as a continuous variable. By exploring a wide range of congruency values and using multiple experimental tasks, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between scene-object congruency and object perception across four experiments (N = 543). We found a robust positive U-shaped relationship between scene-object congruency and accuracy in an exemplar identification task (Experiment 1), which persisted across different stimulus sets (reanalysis of the previous data set) and scene presentation times (Experiment 2). To explore the mechanisms underlying the U-shaped relationship, we propose that scene-object congruency affects object perception in two ways: by influencing attention and thus processing amount and by directly influencing processing efficiency. In Experiment 3, a change detection task emphasizing attentional processes revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between congruency and reaction times, suggesting that both congruent and incongruent contexts improve object perception by increasing attention. Experiment 4 introduced a cue to neutralize congruency-based attention, focusing on processing efficiency in an identification task. Notably, only a congruency benefit emerged, while an incongruency benefit was absent, suggesting that congruency uniquely facilitates processing efficiency to improve object perception. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence for the coexistence of congruency and incongruency benefits, reconciling previous contradictions and providing a unifying framework for understanding the relationship between scene-object congruency and object perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do people lead men and women differently? Multimethod evidence that group gender affects leaders' dominance. 人们对男性和女性的领导方式不同吗？多种方法证明，群体性别会影响领导者的主导地位。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001735

Holly R Engstrom,Kristin Laurin,David C Zuroff,Toni Schmader

{"title":"Do people lead men and women differently? Multimethod evidence that group gender affects leaders' dominance.","authors":"Holly R Engstrom,Kristin Laurin,David C Zuroff,Toni Schmader","doi":"10.1037/xge0001735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001735","url":null,"abstract":"Leaders' behavior can powerfully alter group outcomes. In a programmatic series of preregistered studies, we provide the first rigorous test of whether and why leaders behave differently toward groups of men versus women. In a within-subjects pilot study (N = 336) and in between-subjects Study 1 (N = 368), American adults said they would lead groups of men (vs. women) in a more dominant (e.g., intimidating, controlling) manner. Study 2 (N = 361) replicated this pattern and found that people lead mixed-gender groups similarly to how they lead groups of all women. In Study 3 (N = 314), coaches of boys' (vs. girls') sports teams-real leaders of gender-segregated groups-also said that they led more dominantly. In Study 4 (N = 161), students who believed that they would be leading men (vs. women) were rated by trained coders as more dominant in a videotaped introduction to their group. The pilot study and Studies 1, 2, and 4 all tested for and found evidence suggesting that the underlying mechanism was related to leaders' stereotypes about their followers' communion. In Study 5 (N = 844), men evaluated dominant leaders more positively than women, suggesting that followers may reinforce leaders' tendency to lead men with more dominance. Leaders are likely to treat-and be reinforced for treating-groups of men in a more dominant way, with implications for group outcomes and group members' well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of blindness on auditory context dependency. 盲视对听觉语境依赖的影响。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001734

Alessia Tonelli,Carlo Mazzola,Alessandra Sciutti,Monica Gori

{"title":"The influence of blindness on auditory context dependency.","authors":"Alessia Tonelli,Carlo Mazzola,Alessandra Sciutti,Monica Gori","doi":"10.1037/xge0001734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001734","url":null,"abstract":"The central tendency effect emphasizes the use of priors by the brain for perceptual optimization within a Bayesian framework. This study explores the impact of blindness on central tendency and prior utilization in a distance estimation auditory task by testing a group of early blinds, late blinds, and sighted participants. The results showed that early blind individuals exhibit a general impairment compared to sighted controls and late blind participants. Notably, although all groups showed the central tendency effect, it was almost complete in the early blind group. Bayesian modeling reveals suboptimal prior utilization in sighted controls and late blind but not in early blind. Our findings highlight the influence of contextual information in early blind individuals but their failure to optimize prior utilization. These results allow further exploration into the impact of context dependence on sensory processing in blindness. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for refining models of perceptual processing, which has implications for developing interventions to enhance sensory processing in blindness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0