Journal of Experimental Psychology: General最新文献_第8页

Supplemental Material for The Role of Social and Emotional Experience in Representing Abstract Words 社会和情感经验在抽象词汇表征中的作用补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001771.supp

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Evidence for multiple kinds of belief in theory of mind. 心智理论中多种信仰的证据。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001765

Alejandro Vesga,Neil Van Leeuwen,Tania Lombrozo

{"title":"Evidence for multiple kinds of belief in theory of mind.","authors":"Alejandro Vesga,Neil Van Leeuwen,Tania Lombrozo","doi":"10.1037/xge0001765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001765","url":null,"abstract":"Lay people routinely appeal to \"beliefs\" in explaining behavior; psychologists do so as well (for instance, in explaining belief polarization and learning). Across three studies (N = 1,843, U.S.-based adults), we challenge the assumption that \"belief\" picks out a single construct in people's theory of mind. Instead, laypeople attribute different kinds of beliefs depending on whether the beliefs play predominantly epistemic roles (such as truth-tracking) or nonepistemic roles (such as social signaling). We demonstrate that epistemic and nonepistemic beliefs are attributed under different circumstances (Study 1) and support different predictions about the believer's values (Study 2) and behavior (Study 3). This differentiation emerges reliably across three distinct signatures of attributed belief and even when the believed content and attributed level of certainty about that content are held constant across cases. Our findings call for a more fine-grained characterization of theory of mind and provide indirect support for the hypothesis that human cognition itself features multiple varieties of belief. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Supplemental Material for The Emotional Impact of Forgiveness on Autobiographical Memories of Past Wrongdoings “宽恕对过去错误的自传式记忆的情感影响”补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001787.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for A Computational Model for Individual Differences in Nonreinforced Learning 非强化学习中个体差异的计算模型补充材料

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001739.supp

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of learning new words from context. 从上下文中学习新单词的动力。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001768

Layla Unger,Vladimir M Sloutsky

{"title":"Dynamics of learning new words from context.","authors":"Layla Unger,Vladimir M Sloutsky","doi":"10.1037/xge0001768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001768","url":null,"abstract":"Often the only source of information for learning a new word is its surrounding language context. For example, even if one has never seen a rambutan, it is possible to learn that \"rambutan\" is a kind of fruit just from hearing \"I like sweet, juicy rambutans.\" What processes unfold at the moment upon encountering a new word in context that lead to successful word learning? We conducted three experiments to evaluate the role of working memory, which may be critical for linking a new word to the meaning implied by its surrounding language context. In each experiment, we assessed word learning from sentences in which new words occurred either before or after an informative context. In Experiment 1, we tracked gaze during reading to gain insight into the real-time processing of the surrounding language context and the new word. Results highlighted the importance of working memory resources for holding the language context in mind while processing the new word, regardless of which was encountered first. Experiment 2 replicated the importance of working memory resources for learning new words heard in fluent speech, and Experiment 3 replicated this finding while controlling for overall engagement measured from performance on an unrelated task. Together, these findings support the conclusion that successful word learning from context depends on maintaining the context in working memory while linking it to a new word. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Restoring a top-down control assumption: Salience effects in working memory are overcome with time. 恢复自上而下的控制假设：工作记忆中的显著效应随着时间的推移而被克服。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001776

Nicholas Gaspelin,Nelson Cowan

{"title":"Restoring a top-down control assumption: Salience effects in working memory are overcome with time.","authors":"Nicholas Gaspelin,Nelson Cowan","doi":"10.1037/xge0001776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001776","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory is a short-term storage space for cognitive information with a highly limited capacity. Due to this limited capacity, many theories address the issue of how items compete in working memory. The present study assesses whether the relative salience of items is automatically important or whether the deployment of working memory is more flexible than that. Some recent studies have suggested that salient stimuli are automatically prioritized in visual working memory. If true, this would suggest a fundamental inflexibility in how information is stored and remembered. We critically evaluate this claim and provide evidence favoring a more flexible account, which allows for top-down control to mitigate the influence of salience on working memory representations. Across four experiments, we support this account by demonstrating that previously observed relative salience effects on recall are not fully automatic and can be greatly reduced by allowing sufficient time to find all task-relevant objects. These findings suggest that salient objects are not inflexibly prioritized in working memory; but rather low-salience objects are difficult to find and encode, especially in large displays at brief time limits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experience shapes the granularity of social perception: Computational insights into individual and group-based representations. 经验塑造了社会感知的粒度：对基于个人和群体的表征的计算见解。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001770

Suraiya Allidina,Michael L Mack,William A Cunningham

{"title":"Experience shapes the granularity of social perception: Computational insights into individual and group-based representations.","authors":"Suraiya Allidina,Michael L Mack,William A Cunningham","doi":"10.1037/xge0001770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001770","url":null,"abstract":"People are regularly conceptualized at varying levels of resolution, sometimes characterized by their idiosyncratic features while at other times seen as mere tokens of their social groups. Decades of research have sought to understand when perceivers will draw upon each of these types of representations, detailing the perceiver- and target-related features that may decrease reliance on stereotypes in favor of individuated knowledge. However, little work has examined how these representations might be formed in the first place: In order for individuated representations of others to be used, they must first be built through experience. Here, we offer a novel approach to characterizing the formation of social representations through the use of computational models of category learning. Across three experiments, participants learned about members of novel social groups who behaved positively or negatively toward them. Computational modeling of participants' task behavior revealed a critical interaction of perceiver motivations and learning context on representations. Participants who received selective feedback about targets only upon approaching them formed more categorical representations than those who received full feedback. Further, we found tentative evidence that this difference was most pronounced in those who held more racist attitudes, measured in an entirely separate context. Thus, more informative learning contexts could potentially act as a \"protective factor\" that shields perceivers' representations from their negative attitudes. The results shed light on the psychological underpinnings of prejudice, using a novel approach to reveal how social categorization is selectively employed in a manner that maintains negative stereotypes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Supplemental Material for Nature Adds Color to Life: Less Boredom in Natural Versus Artificial Environments 自然补充材料为生活增添色彩：在自然与人工环境中减少无聊

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001764.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for A “Hyper-Recency” Bias in Memory Characterizes Both Psychoticism and Déjà Vu Experiences 补充材料“超近因”偏见的记忆特征精神病和dsamjo - Vu经验

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001754.supp

引用次数: 0

Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures. 智力上的谦逊会代际传递吗？检查亲子措施之间的关系。

IF 4.1 1区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001782

Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero

{"title":"Does intellectual humility transmit intergenerationally? Examining relations between parent and child measures.","authors":"Candice M Mills,Judith H Danovitch,Natalie B Quintero","doi":"10.1037/xge0001782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001782","url":null,"abstract":"People vary drastically in their intellectual humility (i.e., their ability to recognize gaps in their knowledge). Little is known about how intellectual humility develops or why some children might demonstrate more intellectual humility than others. The present study examines the possibility of parent-to-child transmission of intellectual humility. Parents (N = 108; 88% college graduates; 56% with household income over $100,000) of children ages 7-10 completed two primary measures of intellectual humility: a self-report measure (i.e., the Comprehensive Intellectual Humility Scale; Krumrei-Mancuso & Rouse, 2016) and a behavioral measure (i.e., the Prompted Explanation Task; Mills, Danovitch, Mugambi, Sands, & Monroe, 2022), which measured how often parents referenced knowledge limits or how to handle uncertainty. Separately, children (N = 108; M = 8.2 years; 51% girls, 49% boys; 70% White; 86% non-Hispanic) completed a knowledge estimation task where they rated their ability to answer explanatory questions about animals and vehicles. Contrary to expectations, self-report and behavioral measures of intellectual humility in parents were not correlated. Moreover, parents who self-reported higher levels of intellectual humility had children who were less humble in their knowledge ratings. That said, consistent with predictions, parents who were less humble in the way they indicated knowledge gaps had children who were less humble in the way they assessed their knowledge. These findings support that there are links between parent and child intellectual humility, but the pattern may depend on how parent intellectual humility is measured. Implications for understanding the development of intellectual humility are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":15698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0